BRITISH FUXGUS-FLORA. BEITISH FUNGUS-FLORA. A CLASSIFIED TEXT-BOOK OF MYCOLOGY. BY GEORGE MASSEE, AUTHOR OF "PLANT LIl-K," "THE PLANT WOKLD," ETC. IN THREE VOLUMES. VOL. II. ' f L LONDON: GEORGE BELL & SONS, YORK ST., COVENT GARDEN, AND NEW YORK. 1893. V.2 LONDO^' : PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LliUTED. STAMFORD STEEET AND CHAKING CROSS. CONTENTS. OcJirosporae Paxillus Oortinarius Crepidotus Tubaria Flammula Galera Naucoria Hebeloma Inocybe Bolbitius Pluteolus Pholiota Acetabularia Rhodosporae Claudopus Eccilia Clitopilus Leptonia Nolanea Entoloma Pluteus Volvaria Leucosporae Schizophylluni Trogia PAGE 1 4 12 116 121 126 143 151 169 180 203 208 209 232 234 235 238 243 249 256 267 283 292 298 302 303 VI CONTENTS. Lenzites Xerotus , Panus Lentinus Cantharellus Nyctalis Hygropliorus Pleurotus . Omphalia . Clitocybe . Laccaria I-AGK 304 306 307 311 318 329 331 363 383 402 442 VI 1 LIST OF FIGURES. FACE PAGE Bolbitius apicalis . . 3 Lactarius blennius . . . 301 Cantharellus aurantiacus . . 301 Lentinus tigrinus . . . 301 Claudopus depluens 236 Lenzites flaccida . . . 301 Clitocybe ericetorum . 301 Leptouia aethiops . . . 236 Clitopilus prunulus 236 Naucoria temulenta . 3 Cortinarius albo-violaceus . 16 Nolanea pascua . 236 Cortinarius deciTmbens 16 Nyctalis asterophora . . 301 Cortinarius obtusus 16 Oniphulia telmatiaea . . 301 Cortinarius purpurascens . 16 Pauua stypticus . 301 Cortinarius stillatitius . 16 Pholiota mutabilis . . 3 Crepidotus calolepis 3 Pleurotus gadinoides . . 301 Eccilia carneo-grisea 236 Pluteus pellitus. . 236 Entoloma placenta . 236 Pluteolus reticulatus . . 3 Entoloma prunuloides 236 Schizophyllum commune . 301 Flammula purpurata 3 Trogia crispa . . 301 Galera tenera . 3 Tubaria furfuracea . 3 Hebeloma glutinosus 3 Volvaria temperata . 236 Hygrophorus Wynniae 301 Volvaria volvacea . . 236 Inocybe asterospora • > Xerotus degener . 301 Inocybe scaber . 3 FUNGUS-FLOEA. OCHROSPORAE. The colour of the spores ranges in the various genera from pale dingy ochraceous, through bright ochre, to rusty-orange and ferruginous. In form the spores are either elliptical and symmetrical ; elliptical, but oblique or pip-shaped, and either smooth or minutely rough or granular. In some species of Inocyhe the spores are irregularly globose and coarsel}^ nodulose or warted. The simplest forms are either resupinate, or sessile and attached by the margin ; and from this condition there is a sequence through the central-stemmed forms, having decurrent, adnate, adnexed, and free gills respectively. In Pholiota there is a distinct interwoven ring on the stem, and in the large genus Cortinarius the secondary veil consists of fine cobweb-like hyphae from the first, which form a very imperfect zone round the stem, and also frequently hang in shreds from the margin of the pileus. ANALYSIS OF THE GENERA. A. Gills separating spontaneously or very easily from the flesh of the pileus. Paxillus. — Margin of pileus persistently involute. B. Gills not separating spontaneously nor easily from the flesh of the pileus. I Universal veil cobweb-like, distinct from the cuticle of the pileus. VOL. II. B 2 FUNGUS-FLOKA. Cortinarius. — Stem fleshy, continuous with the flesh of the pileus ; gills soon powdered wdth the ochraceous or ferruginous spores. "ff Universal veil never cobweb-like. * Stem excentric or absent. Crepidotus. — Fungi growing on wood. ** Stem central. § Stem without volva and without ring. Tubaria. — Gills decurrent ; stem cartilaginous. Plammula. — CtIIIs decurrent or adnata ; stem fleshy, not cartilaginous, Galera. — Stem cartilaginous ; margin of pileus straight at first ; gills adnexed or adnate. Naucoria. — Stem eartilaginous ; margin of pileus incurved at first ; gills adnexed or adnate. Hebeloma. — Stem fleshy, not cartilaginous ; cuticle of joileus glabrous, viscid; gills sinuato-adcexed. FIGUEES ILLUSTKATING THE OCHROSPOEAE. Fig. 1, Crepidotus calolepis, upper surface ; nat. size ; — Fig. 2, under surface of same; nat. size; — Fig. 8, section of same; nat. size; — Fig. 4, section of Tubaria furfuracea, nat. size, a small specimen; — Fig. 5, Galera tenera ; nat. tize of a small specimen ; — Fig. 6, section of same ; nit. size; — Fig. 7, Phifeolus reticulatus ; section; nat. size of a small specimen ; — Fig. 8, Naucoria temulenta, one-third nat. size ; — Fig. 9, section of same ; half nat. size ; — Fig. 10, Pholiota vmtahilis, nat. size ; — Fig. 1], Lwcyhe scaher ; one-third nat. size; — Fig. 12, section of same; one-third nat. size; — Fig. 13, spores of same, X 400; — Fig. 14, spores of Inocijbe astcros2Jora, X 300; — Fig. 15, FlammuJa purxjurata, half nat. size; — Fig. 10, Hebeloma glutinosus : section half nat. size; — Fig. 17, spores of same, x 300 ; — Fig. 18, Bolbitius apicalis ; half nat. size ; — Fig. 19, spores of same, x 300. OCHROSPORAE. B Z 4 FUXGUS-FLOEA. Inocybe. — Stem flesh}- not cartilaginous ; cuticle of pileus fibrillose or silky ; gills sinnato-adnexed. Bolbitius. — Pileus membranaceous ; gills soon deliques- cent. Pluteolus. — Gills free. §§ Stem furnished with a volva or ring. Pholiota. — Piing present ; volva absent. Acetabularia. — Tolva present, ring absent. PAXILLL'S. Fries. Pileus symmetrical, excentric, or conchiform ; margin invo- lute, more or less flesh}' ; stem central, excentric, lateral, or absent, ex2:)anding at the apex without difierentiation into the flesh of the pileus; gills decurrent, usually separated from the flesh of the pileus by a thin differentiated horny or cartilaginous layer, hence easily separated from the latter ; spores dirty white or pale ferruginous. Paxillus, Fries, Gen. Hymen., p. 8 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 285. The most pronounced characteristics of the present genus are : the strongly involute pileus, the decurrent gills easily removable from the flesh of the pileus, and the dingy or ferruginous spores. ANAL YSIS OF THE SPECIES. I. Lepista. — Pileus entire, central ; spores dirty white (rather ferruginous in P. imnaeohis). II. Tapixia. — Pileus usually excentric or resupinate ; spores ferruginous. PAXILLUS. O I. LEriSTA. Paxillus lepista. Fr. Pilens 2—1 iu. across, flattened or deprcsseil, dirty white, or cream-colour, sometimes minutely cracked or scaly, margin thin, even naked, strongly involute ; gills narrow, rather crowded, deciirient, dingy white, then pale buft", easily sepa- rating from the pileus ; stem 2-4 in. long, \ in. or more thick, solid, flesh compact white, dingy white or cream-colour, with a separable cartilaginous cuticle that passes continuously between the gills and the flesh of the pileus ; spores dingy, broadly })yriform, G X 8 />t. Paxillus lepista, Fries, Ilym. Eur., p. 402; Cke., lldbk., p. 285: Cke., Illustr., t. 872. On the ground, usually in woods. Distinguished from the large white species of CUtocyhe by the strongly involute margin of tlie pileus and the dingy gills and spores. Stem solid, compact, spongy-elastic, at length liollow, due to insect larvae, sometimes sliort, 1 in. or a little more, attenuated downwards, sometimes 3-4 in. long, equal, base always praemorse, h in. thick and more, whitish, sometimes tinged rufous or brownish, base white, villose. Cuticle of stem rather horny, contiguous with and similar to the hymenophore. Pileus sometimes (young) compact, fleshy, then (when old) thin, 3-4 in. and more broad, piano-depressed, obtuse, not striate, but towards the margin torn into squamules, dry, dirty white, the involute margin commonly undulately flexuous. Flesh white. Gills deeply decurrent, slightly branched, but simple at the base, 2-3 lines broad, crowded, entire, dirty white becoming darker. S^^ores pallid reddish brown. Smell like meal, rather rancid. (Fries.) Paxillus Alexandri. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thick, compact, plane then depressed, margin strongly involute, dry, unpolished, fawn- colour or dingy yellowish-white, the margin when expanded faintly striate ; gills decurrent, crowded, 1 line broad, honey- colour ; stem f-1 in. long, ^-§- in. thick, solid, whitish ; spores pip-shaped, 7-8 X 4 /u. Paxillus Alexandri, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 401 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 379; Cke., Illustr., pi. 11 62. 6 FUNGUS-FLOEA On tbe ground. Yery hard and coraiDact. Almost exactly resembling a small form of Lactarius vellereus, but knoT\m in the field by the honey-coloured gills. Allied to PaxUlus sordarius, but at first sig-ht almost exactlv resembling Paxillus invoJutiis, stem about ^ in. long, but above an inch thick, coalescing with moss downwards. Pilens 2-3 in. broad, rarely more. Flesh yellowish-Avhite ; spores whitish. (Fries.) Paxillus extenuatus. Fr. Pileus Ih-^h in. across, rigid, disc very fleshy, becoming quite thin towards the margin, campanulato-conYex then flattened, naked, glabrous, moist, brownish-tan, or yellowish- tan, margin involute, pubescent, even ; gills deeply decurrent, closely crov/ded, arcuate, about 2 lines broad, white then mouse-colour; stem lJ-2 in. long, 3-5 lines thick, elastic, fibrous, tough, glabrous, solid, ending in a tuberous rooting base. Panaeolus extenuatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 316; Cke., Hdbk., p. 285 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 873.? Grassy places in fir woods, &c. The mycelium at the base of the stem adheres to the soil and forms a tuber. Cooke's figure quoted above has the gills Yellowish white. Stem solid, spongy within, fibrous outside and tough, rather horny, elastic, conico-el on gated and rather clavate when young, then more equal, 1^-2 in. long, h in. thick, glabrous, pallid, base incrassated and rooting, binding the humus into a large bulb. Pileus fleshy, disc compact, rest thin, even, glabrous, moist, at first convex, gibbous, then expanded, obtuse, cracking, 1^-3 in. broad, clay-colour or brownish clay-colour. Margin at first involute, downy, at length expanded, very rigid and fragile. Flesh watery, white, rigid, not a line thick except at the disc, splitting; gills deeply decurrent, arcuate, crowded, linear, very narrow, whitish. (Fries.) Paxillus panaeolus. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, convex then plane, becoming rather depressed, glabrous, moist, whitish, margin PAXILLUS. 7 thin, involute ; gills slightly decurrent, crowded about 1 line broad, at length watery ferruginous; stem 1-1 .V in. long, 2-3 lines thick, fibrillosely striate, thickened downwards, rufescent, stuffed ; sjDores subglobose, pale ferruginous, 5 /a diameter. Paxillus panaeoJus, Fries, Monogr., pp. 117 and 310; Cke., Ildbk., p. 28G ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 874a. On the ground in i^ine woods, &c. Smaller and more slender than PaxiUiis extenuatus. Flesh becoming blackish. Gills separated from the flesh of the pileus by a cartilaginous line. (Fries.) Subgregarious ; at first entirely dirty- white without and within, then becoming yellowish ; gills at length watery- cinnamon. Stem fleshy, stufied, 1 in. or more long, 3 lines thick, striato-fibrillose, thickened downwards. Pileus fleshy, rather compact, convex, then expanded and subdepressed, even, glabrous, moist, with drop-like markings, 1-2 in. broad, margin thin, villous, involute. Gills rather decur- rent; crowded, narrow, subvenose at the base, separated from the flesh of the pileus by a horny line. Spores watery ferruginous. (Fries.) Var. spilomaeus. Fries. Pileus spotted, as with drops, and like the slender stem, white then yellowish. Gills watery ferruginous, hoiTiy- grey at the base. In pine woods. Paxillus orcelloides. Cke. & Mass. Pileus 1-1^- in. across, flesh very thin, white, convex then flattened, but with the margin persistently incurved, minutely silky, shining, snow-white at first, becoming- stained with greyish blotches ; gills adnato - decurrent, crowded, Ih line broad, whitish then livid, at length dingy yellowish-brown, separated from the flesh of the pileus by a horny line; stem 1-1 1 in. long, 3 lines thick at the apex, gradually tapering to the base, which is not more than 1 line thick, elastic, silky-fibrillose, solid, ochraceous ; spores elliptical, pale dingy ochraceous, 8 X 4 /u,. Paxillus (Lepista) orcelloides, Cke. and Massee, Grevillea, vol. xvi. p. 46; Cke., Illustr., pi. 874b. Amongst grass. 8 FUNGUS-FLOKA. Scattered. Allied to Paxillus imnaeolus, rather larger, and stem constantly tapering from apex to base ; the spores alone beparate the two. Paxillus lividus. Cooke. Pileus 1-2 in. across, convex, at length slightly depressed at the disc, margin slightly arched and incurved, dingy- Avhite, or livid ochraceoiis, opaqne ; gills decurrent, arcuate, almost crowded, Ih line broad, white; stem 3-4 in. long, ^ in. thick at the apex, attenuated downwards, white, fibril- Jose, stuffed then hollow, usually rather flexuous; flesh nearly white; spores globose, 3-3*5 /x diameter, nearly white. Paxillus (Leinsta) lividus^ Cke., Grev., xvi. p. 45 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 286; Cke., Illustr. t. 861. In woods. Usually in small clusters. Closely allied to Paxillus revolutus, but distinguished by the absence of any tinge of violet on the pilens or stem, and by the persistently white gills. Indications of rather coarse longitudinal striae are present on the stem in all Cooke's figures. Paxillus revolutus. Cooke. Pilens 1-lh in. across, convex, obtuse, pale ochraceous, slightly darker at the disc, margin thin, even, sometimes at first tinged with violet, a little revolute ; gills very decur- rent, Ih line broad, scarcely crowded, pallid then clay- coloured ; stem 1-2 in. long, 3-4 lines thick at the apex, gradually attenuated downwards, paler than the pileus, often tinted with violet at the base, solid ; spores globose, pale, 3*5-4 fx diameter. Paxillus {Lepista^ revolutus^ Cke., Grcvillea, vol. xvi. p. 45 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 287 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 862. In fields. Odour mealy. Allied to Paxillus lividus, but known by the deeply decurrent, clay-coloured gills. II. TAPINIA. Paxillus paradoxus. Cooke. Pileus 1-3 in. across, convex then expanded, sometimes irregular or lobed, dry, densely tomentose, rufous-umber. PAXILLUS. 9 often with a tinge of purple; flesh thick iii the centre, becoming veiy thin towards the margin, white, tinged vinous below the cuticle ; gills decurrent, distant, 2 lines broad, connected by veins, pale then deep yellow, becoming reddish when bruised; stem _^-l in. long, 3-5 lines thick, equal, attenuated below, or slightly bulbous, unequal, fibrillose, yellow, more or less stained with red, solid ; spores 2)ip-shaped, pale yellow, 20-22 x 7-8 /x. Paxillus imradoxus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 287 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 884. Agaricus (^Flammula^ paradoxus, Kalchbrenner, Fung. Hung., t. 16, f. 1 ; Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 244. On the ground. Known at once l)y the dark- coloured, minutely velvety pileus, and the bright yellow decurrent gills. Paxillus involutus. Fr. Pileus 3-0 in. across, fleshy, compact, convexo-plane then depressed, almost glabrous, tawny-ochraceous, the involute margin villose ; flesh pallid ; gills more or less decurrent, 2-3 lines broad, branched, anastomosing behind, dingy ochraceous, becoming darker when bruised ; stem 1-2 in. long, up to I in. thick, solid, firm, naked, paler than the pileus. Paxillus involutus, Fries, Epicr., jd. 317; Cke., Hdbk.^ p. 287 ; Cke., lUustr., pL 875. Agaricus involutus, Batsch, Consp., f. 61. On the ground. Commonly large, stout, pileus villose near the strongly involute margin, with the gills anastomosing and forming irregular pores near the base, and becoming darker w^hen touched, distinguish the species. (Fries.) Pileus 2-3 in. broad, depressed in the centre, margin much rounded, involute and villose, yellowish or ochrey- brown, very smooth when dry. Lamellae rather numerous, sometimes simple, but mostly irregularly forked, brown- yellow, somewhat decurrent. Stipes 2-3 in. long, solid, firm, sometimes hollow in old plants, J-1 in. thick, brownish- buff, frequently stained or spotted, often not central, and incurved at the base. (Grev.) 10 FUNGUS-FLORA. Var. excentricus, Fries. Pileus excentric, stem short. On trunks. Paxillus leptopus. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, excentric, gibbous, at length de- pressed, toru into villose squamules, yellowish-brown, flesh yellow ; gills decurrent, simple, straight, very narrow, yellowish, then darker, not becoming; spotted when bruised ; stem solid, very short, attenuated downwards, incurved, rarely 1 in. long, flesh yellow ; spores pip-shaped, pale dingy yellow, 8-9 X 5 /x. Paxillus leptopus. Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 311 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 287 -, Cke., Illustr., pi. 875. Paxillus filamentosus, Fries, Epicr., p. 317. On the ground and on stumps. On the ground amongst fragments of pine wood. Re- sembling Paxillus involutus, but differing : (1) Stem very short, scarcel}^ reaching 1 inch, rather incurved, attenuated downwards, 3'ellow wdthin. (2) Pileus always excentric or lateral, at length depressed, but gibbous at the centre, 1|— 3 in. broad, dry, densely tomentose, soon broken up into densely compacted, villose, brown or yellowish squamules. ^3) Thin flesh of the pileus and that of the stem, yellow. (4) Gills simple behind, decurrent, but not anastomosing, straight, crowded, very narrow, yellowish, then becoming darker, but not becoming spotted when touched. Size and form variable, smaller than P. involutus^ commonly 2 in. broad and high. (Fries.) Paxillus atro-tomentosus. Fr. Pileus 3-5 in. across, very fleshy and compact, more or less excentric, gibbous then passing from plane to infundibuli- form, dry, rivuloso-granulose, ferruginous, margin thin, involute ; flesh white, tinged brown under the cuticle ; gills adnato-decurrent, crowded, 2 lines broad, branched at the base, yellowish tawny; stem about 1 in. long and thick, ascending, rooting, covered except at the apex with a dense blackish-umber velvety pile ; spores elliptical, pale yellowish, 5 X 2J-3 fx. Paxillus atro-tomentosus. Fries, Epicr., p. 317; Cke., Hdbk., p. 288; Cke., Illustr., pi. 876. PAXILLUS. 11 In pine woods on trunks and on the ground. Commonly solitary. Robust, firm, often large ; usually solitary. Stem solid, elastic, 2-3 in. long, J-1 in. thick, subequal, not tuberous, curved, ascending, routing, covered densely with umber- black tomentum, which sometimes has a violet tinge. Pileus compact, fleshy, excentric, plane then iufundibulifurm, some- times entirely lateral and ascending, 2-4 in. and more broad, dry, surface cracked into granules, sometimes tomentose, ferruginous, form various. Gills adnate, hardl}^ decurrent, and appearing from their position, ascending, branched at the base, rather anastomosing but not porose as in P. involutiis^ crowded, 3 lines broad, yellowish, readily separating from the grooved flesh of the pileus. Spores almost clay- colour, paler than those of P. involutus. (Fries.) Paxillus crassus. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, oblicjue, almost plane, even, becoming ferruginous ; flesh thin at the margin, thick at the centre and passing insensibly into the stem, soft and spongy, yellowish-brown ; gills decurrent, 2 lines broad, rather distant, straight, not anastomosing, cinnamon ; stem -},— 5- in. long, tapering downwards, excentric, ascending, stuiFed, coloured like the pileus ; sj^ores elliptical, ferruginous, 15-18 X 7-S IX. Paxillus crassus. Fries, Epicr., p. 318; Cke., Hdbk., -p. 288; Cke., Illustr., pi. 877. On trunks, worked wood, &c. The present species looks much more like a Flammula than a Paxillus. Paxillus panuoides. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, dimidiate, shell-shaped or fan- shaped, minutely pubescent then almost smooth, sessile or extended behind into a stem-like base, dingy yellow ; gills decurrent, crowded, branched, crisped or rugulose, yellow ; flesh of pileus 2 lines thick, equal. Paxillus panuoides, Fries, Epicr., p. 318 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 288 ; Cke., Illustr., pL 878. On pine and other wood, on sawdust, &c. Very variable. Yery distinct from the preceding species in the jpileus 12 FUNGUS-FLORA. "being sessile or extended behind ; at first sessile resnpinate, soon shell-sbaped, dimidiate, obovate, at length broadly ex- panded, undulately lobed, often imbricated. Every ])art dingy yellow. Size very variable, about 1t^ in. long. Surface minutely pubescent, then glabrous, slightly rivulose. Flesh equal, but thin. Gills decurrent to the base, anastomosing behind, branched, crowded, crisped, yellow. In a small form the gills radiate from an excentric point. (Fries.) Var. fagi, Cooke. Gregarious, criNped, pallid upv/ards, orange beneath; gills crisped, orange. FaxUlus panuoides, B. & Br., Ann. Kat. Hist., Xo. 1961. On a beech stump. Although described as a distinct species, we fail to detect in the dried specimens, or in the spores, any specific dif- ference from P. iKinuoides ; oiAy the deeper colour of the gills and different habit being manifest. (Cooke.) COETIXAEIUS. Fries. (All figs, on p. 16.) Pileus symmetrical, flesh thick or membranaceous ; stem central, flesh continuous with that of the pileus ; veil cob- web-like or silky-fibrillose, not interwoven to form a mem- brane, distinct from the cuticle of the jDileus and superficial, not forming a distinct ring on the stem, but frequently remaining as a silky or fibrillose zone ; gills persistent, dry, pulverulent, often violet at first, finally ferruginous or bright cinnamon from the spores. Cortinarius, Fries, Epicr., p. 255 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 236. One of the most natural of genera belonging to the Agaricinae, but at the same time diflQcult to define in words. The most marked features are the cobweb-like or sj)ider3" veil and the bright ferruginous sjDores. The gills are dry and thin, the mode of attachment various, free, sinuate and adnexed, adnate, and sometimes with a decurrent tooth, but rarely truly decurrent. AVhen young, the gills are often more or less tinged with purple or blue, as is also the stem, and in fact in many species every part of the fungus is more or less tinged with purjile or blue when young, this colour, however, usually disappearing at maturity. CORTINARIUS. 13 Cortmarius is most nearly allied to FJammula, but in the latter genus most of the species grow on wood, the gills are often truly decurrent, and the spores are not bright ferru- ginous. All the species of Cortinarius grow on the ground, mostly in woods, or amongst grass under trees. The most natural of the genera of the Agaricinae, but not easily defined by artificial characters. The veil and gills afford the principal marks of distinction. Gills usually becoming cinnamon-colour. Eare or wanting in hot coun- tries, but generally abundant in northern woods. All are autumnal. The appearance is verj^ di Cerent at different stages of growth, and also depending upon the amount of moisture present. It is necessary, therefore, to examine s]')ecies in both the young and old stage. Some species of Flammida resemble them, but are not likely to be confounded with them. (Fries.) ANALYSIS OF THE SUBGENEBA OF COBTINABIUS. I. PiiLEGMACiUM. Frics, Epicr., p. 256. Partial veil cobweb-like. Pileus viscid, equally fleshy, stem firm, dry. II. Myxacium. Fries, Epicr., p. 273. Pileus and stem both viscid ; flesh of pileus rather thin ; the viscidity of the scarcely bulbous seem due to the glutinous universal veil ; gills adnate or decurrent. III. Inoloma. Fries, S, M., i. p. 216. Pileus equally fleshy, not viscid, dry, not hygrophanous, covered at first with innate, silky, fibrillose squamules. Veil simple. Stem flet^hy, rather bulbous. IV. DermocybI':. Fries, Epicr., p. 283. Flesh of pileus thin and equal, watery or coloured when moist ; dry, not viscid nor hygrophanous, at first villous from an innate silkiness, but glabrous when adult; stem 14 FUNGUS-FLOKA. equal or attenuated, rigid externally, elastic or fragile, stuffed then hollow. Yeil simple, fibrillose (in C. canimis forming a zone round the stem). V. Telamonii. Fries, S. M., i. p. 210. Pileus hygrophanous, moist, at first glabrous or sprinkled with the whitish superficial fibrils of the veil, flesh either equally thin, or when thick, becoming abruptly thin towards the margin (not equally attenuated), splitting. Stem either annulate or peronately squamulose below from the universal veil, ajoex rather cortinate above, hence with a double veil. TI. Hygeocybe. Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 93. Pileus glabrous or covered with superficial white fibrils ,^ moist when growing but not viscid, becoming pale in colora- when dry ; flesh very thin, or scissile, disc rarely more com- pact. Stem rather rigid, not peronate ; veil thin, fibrillose, rarely collapsing and forming an irregular zone round the stem. Subrjen. HYGEOCYBE. ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES I. FiRMlORES. Pileus rather fleshy, convex or campanulato-convex then expanded, obtuse or at length gibbous, margin at first incurved. Stem (in most cases) attenuated upwards. * Stem and veil white. ** Stem and gills usually violet. (In certain species of the previous section the stem shows an evanescent tinge of violet at the apex.) *** Stem and imperfect veil 3'ellow or rufous. **** Stem becoming dusky, veil pallid, dingy, or white (not yellow) ; gills dark. CORTINArJUS. 15 II. Tenuiores. Pileus almost membrcanaceous, conical then expanded, iimbonate, umbo acute, rarely obtuse or indistinct (in the contrary ratio in Firmiores) ; margin straight at first. Stem almost equal or attenuated towards the base. * Stem white. ** Stem violet or reddish. *** Stem yellowish, usually growing pale. **** Stem growing dusky. Suhgen. IIYGROCYBE. Fr. Firmiores. Pileus ratlicr ficsluj, margin incurved when young. * Stem and veil ivliite. Cortinarius (Hygr.) firmus. Fr. Pileus about 3 in. across, truly and equally fleshy as im the subgenus Inoloma, convexo-plane, obtuse, firm, even, glabrous, shining, dry, scarcely viscid when moist, not bibulo-hygrophanous, tawny-ochraceous, unchangeable ; flesh not splitting, white ; gills emarginate, crowded, thin, but brown, almost the colour of the j^ile^s, quite entire ; stem 3 in. long, about h in. thick, naked, firm, rather elastic, base clavate or rather " bulbous, rarely equal, solid, white; veil fibrillose, white, fugacious. Cortinarius (Hygr.) firmus. Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 93 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 274; Cke., Illustr., pi. 792. Grassy places in mixed woods. Known from allies (G. suhferrugineus, &c.), by the clear colour of the pileus and white stem. (Fries.) The veil and fibrils of the stem become at length ferruofinous. *e3' Cortinarius (Hygr.) subferrugineus. Fr. Pileus about 3 m. across, unequally fleshy, disc abruptly compact, convex then expanded, obtuse, often flexuous, firm 16 FUXGUS-FLORA. CORTIXARIUS. 17 but not rigid, even, glabrous, feiTuginous or watery cinnamon, more or less hygrophanou(«, wlien dry tawny, shining, or becoming pale ; flesh splitting, clingy, pale ochraceous ; gills very emarginate, 3 lines broad, more or less crowded, at hrst pale, soon watery, then dingy ferruginous; stem in the typical form solid, more or less bulbous, attenuated upwards ; adpressedly fibrillose, externally rigid, subcartilaginous, pallid, soft within and dull orange at the base ; amongst heaps of rotten pine leaves, stout, very much inflated, spongy ; size variable, usually 3 in. long, i in. thick ; veil entirely fibrillose, marginal only, not peronate, very fugacious, spores 8-10 X 0-6 fx. Cortinarius (Hi/grocyhe) suhfernigineus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 93; Cke., Hdbk., p. 274; Cke., Illustr., pi. 808. On the ground amongst leaves, &c., smell and taste unpleasant. There are many forms distinct so far as colour is concerned, but difficult to describe. Distinguished from C. armeniacus in the opaque colour ; fleshy, obtuse pileus, the stem not being elastic, and in the veil not collapsing. Dificrs from C. hicelus in the simple veil, smooth hygrophanous pileus, (watery ferruginous when moist, becoming ferruginous-tan when dry.) (Fries.) Cortinarius (Hygr.) armeniacus. Fr. Pileus 2-4 in. across, rigid, rather fleshy, flesh-coloured ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS CORTINARIUS. Fi^. 1, Cortinarius (Phleginacium) purpurascens, Fr., entire fungus, showing the cobweb-like veil aned, 9 x 4 /u.. Cortinarius \Hygrocyhe) coins, Fries, Mon., ii. p. 102 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 277 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 795. Jn pine woods. Mycelium fiery-orange. Cortinarius (Hygr.) isabellinus. Fr. Pileus about 2 in. across, rather fleshy, convex, rather Timbonate, even, glabrous, yellowish ; when dry yellow and shining; gills adnate, rather distant, broad but thin, at first yellow then cinnamon-tan ; stem 4 in. long, 4 lines thick, everywhere equal, very rigid and firm, partly hollow, dis- tinctly striated, yellowish ; veil almost obsolete, yellowish ; spores cinnamon, obliquely pip-shaped, minutely granular, 10 X 5 /x. Cortinarius (JSygrocyhe) isabellinus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 103 ; Cke., Hdbk. p. 278; Cke., Illustr., pi. 829. In dry pine woods. Allied to C. coins, but more rigid and firm. Veil scanty, very fugacious, yellow. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Hygr.) renidens. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, rather fleshy, convex then jolane, gibbous, hygrophanous, glabrous, shining, tawny, ochraceous when dry; gills adnexed, crowded, 2-3 lines broad, thin, tawny ; stem 1^-2 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, equal, firm, glabrous, stuff'ed, yellow, as is also the fibrillose veil ; spores elliptical, apiculate, 8-10 x o fx. Cortinarius {Hygrocyhe) renidens. Fries, Epicr., p. 308 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 278; Cke., Illustr., pi. 782. In shady woods, Usually slightly clustered. Nature and appearance is that of C. armeniacus, but smaller and brighter coloured, and especially by the yellow veil, 2o FUNGUS-FLOKA. readily distinguislied, stem firm, stuffed, 14^-2 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, exactly equal, rather cartilaginous outside,, entirely breaking up under pressure into fibrils, coloured like the pileus, yellowish-pallid then tawny. Yeil loosely fibrillose, fugacious, yellow. Pileus slightly fleshy, firm,, convexo-plane, obtuse or gibbous, 1-2 i]i. broad, very glabrous, shining, tawny- ferruginous when moist, ochraceous when dry ; disc often becoming pale. Flesh thin, splitting, paler. Gills adnate, but also receding and becoming free, rather crowded, entire, broad at first pale cinnamon then tawny. Spores dusky ochraceous. Smell weak, not at all like radishes. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Hygr.) angulosus. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thin, convex then plane, very obtuse, wavy, margin incurved when young, flexuous, even glabrous, reddish-tawny, variegated with darker spots, hygrophanous, tawny-ochraceous when dry, not shining ; flesh firm, not splitting, yellowish-white ; gills adnate, rather thick, rather distant, 3 lines and more broad, fragile, tawny, edge entire, same colour; stem 1^-2 in. long, 3-4 lines thick,, equal, striate, tawny, twisted, stuffed then hollow ; veil very fugacious, tawny. Cortinarius (Hygrocyhe) angulosus, Fries, Epicr., p. 308; Cke., Hdbk., 379 ; Cke., Illustr. SuppL, t. 1178. On the ground in fir woods. Yar. gracilescens. Fries, Mon., i. p. 104. Stem hollow, 3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, base almost attenuated, also tor- tuous ; pileus rather fleshy. Amongst moss in pine woods. **** Stem dusl-y, veil pallid, dingij, or it'liite ; gills darTz. Cortinarius (Hygr.) uraceus. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, slightly fleshy, conical then cam- panulate, at length expanded, obtusely umbonate ; moist, even, glabrous, umber or brown, sometimes with an olive tinge, rather shining, when dry (brick-red when young) commonly tan or dirty pale ochraceous, at length rather flbrillose. Flesh brown, darker in the stem. Gills adnate, ventricose, firm, 3 lines and more broad, distant, cinna- CORTINAKIUS. 27 mon-brown, edge sometimes quite entire and concolorous, sometimes iimbriato-serrate, and white. Stem 2-4 in. long, 2-4 lines thick, cylindrical, exactly equal, ^rm, librilloso- striate (striae paler), but becoming even, brown, apex naked, becoming pale, sometimes with an olive shade, at length everywhere blackish-brown, same colour inside ; spores pip- shaped, granulated 8-9 x 4 yu. Cortinarius uraceus, Fries, Epicr., p. 309 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 278 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 796. In pine woods. Extreme margin of pileus incurved. Yeil superior, fibril- lose, brown, but rarely conspicuous. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Hygr.) jubarinus. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, rather iieshy, campanulate then flattened, obsoletely umbonatc, in the larger forms, and when old, depressed at the centre, often repand and undulate, at length reflexed, fragile, brilliant tawny cinnamon, shining, disc even, glabrous, when young silky at the margin from the veil (not velvety-villoGe as in C. cinnamomeiis)^ when old innato-fibrillose under a lens, not very hygrophanous, and very shiny when dry ; gills adnate, rather distant, l-o lines broad, distinct, tawny-cinnamon, edge quite entire, same colour ; stem 2 in. long, ^ in. thick, 2-3 lines in small specimens, at first stuffed then hollow, fibrilloso-striate, pale tawny without and within, base and naked apex paler; spores 10 x 5 ^u. Cortinarius (Hygrocyhe) juharinus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 105; Cke., Hdbk., p. 279 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 797. In pine woods, on pine leaves, &c. At first sight closely resembling C. cinnamomens, but differs in the white, fibrillose, very fugacious veil. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Hygr.) pateriformis. Fr. Pileus about 1 in. across, rather fleshy, orbicular, plane then depressed, very obtuse, rigid, dry, even, glabrous, chestnut-brown, at first silky-white near the margin from the veil ; flesh pallid ; gills^ adnate, with a decurrent tooth, crowded, thin, plano-convex, brick-red or watery cinnamon ; stem 2-3 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, equal, rather firm, straight, fibrillose, becoming brownish, base downy, white, hollow ; ring fibrillose, fugacious. 28 FUNGUS-FLORA. Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) pateriformis, Yi'ies^ Epicr., p. 310; Fries, Mon., ii. p. 106; Cke., Hdbk., p. 279; Cke., Illustr., pi. 858. Amongst grass, in woods, &c. A larger form occurs in pine woods, having the pilens convexo-plane, 2 in. broad, slightly pilose under a lens, thick, fragile, brown, when dry truly silvery and shining. (Fries.) The larger form mentioned by Fries is the one figured by Cooke. Cortinarius (Hygr.) nniniodus. Brifz. Pileus about 1 in. across, campanulate then expanded, obtusely umbonate, usually depressed round the umbo, margin arched and rather incurved then straight, smooth, shining, rufous-brown ; flesh rather thick except at the margin, dingy; gills rounded behind, adnexed, distant, ventricose, 2 lines or more broad, brown; stem 2-3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal, lax, fibrous, brown below, pale above, hollow; veil whitish, fugacious; spores elliptical, 10-12 x 6 /x. Cortinarius (^Hygroa/he) unimodus, Britzelmayr, Hym. Sudb., iv. f. 131 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 279 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 359. In grassy places. The diagnoses by Britzelmayr are so meagre that his species can only be conjectured. (Cooke.) Tenuiores. Flesli very thin, pileus acutely umhonate, margin straight at first. * Stem white. Cortinarius (Hygr.) dolabratus. Fr. Pileus 2-4 in. across, flesh thin, fragile, campanulate then convex, obtuse, for the most part glabrous, superficially silky near the margin, even, brick-colour, when dry even and tan- colour ; gills entirely adnate with a decurrent tooth, very broad behind, up to 1 in. broad, rather thick, distant, distinct, tawny-cinnamon ; stem 4-6 in. long, J- J in. thick, every- where equal, cylindrical, glabrous, white, sometimes curved ; spores 12-14 x 7-8 yu. CORTINARIUS. 29 Cortinarius (Hygrocyhe) dolahratus, Fries, Epicr., p. 311 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 279 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 811. In pine woods, amongst Vacchiium, Sphagnum, S:c. About the stature of a large specimen of C. evernius, but firmer, differently coloured, gills entirely adnate, veil very fugacious. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Hygr.) rigens. Fr. Pileus l-o in. across, llesh thin, when young campanulate, lax, then convex, obtuse or broadly gibV)ous, even, glabrous, opaque and tan-colour when moist, whitish-tan when dry; flesh rather firm, white ; jiills adnate, slightly decurrent, distant, very broad (3-5 lines), distinct, waterj'- tan then pale cinnamon ; stem 2-4 in. long, 2-5 lines thick, but very variable, equal, or incrassated, sometimes at the base, some- times at the apex, also fusiform, stuffed, elastic, distinctly cartilaginously corticated, rigid and tough, rooting, glabrous, even, naked, pallid when moist, white when dry ; spores pip- shaped, minutely granulated, G-7 X 4 /x. Cortinarius rigens, Fries, Monogr., i. p. 107 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 280; Cke., lllustr., pi. 812. In woods. Allied to Cortinarius dolahratus, but more rigid, not fragile, smaller, and paler; gills also darker and opaque. Flesh white. Veil scarcely evident. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Hygr.) Krombholzii. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, rather fleshy, conico-campanulate, then gibbous, even, smooth, disc fleshy, pale yellowish-tan, disc darker, margin thin, appendiculate ; gills rounded behind and slightly adnexed, 3 lines broad, ferruginous, margin yellowish ; stem 3-5 in. long, 3 lines thick, equal, extreme base slightly swollen, naked, even, whitish, hollow ; veil white, rather niembranaceous, soon disappearing from the stem, but remaining in fragments at the margin of the pileus ; spores ferruginous, 8 X 4-5 fx. Cortinarius {Hygrocyhe) Krombholzii, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 395; Cke., Hdbk., p. 280 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 813. On the ground amongst moss. A remarkable species having the ferruginous spores of Cortinarius, but with a membranaceous and not fibrillose veil that remains in frag- 80 FUNGUS-FLORA. ments at the margin of the pileus. Subcaespitose. With the habit of Hypholoma. Cortinarius (Hygr.) Reedii. Berk. Pileus about 1 in. across, conical then expanded and strongly umbonate, often depressed round the umbo, smooth, shining, persistently brown, disc areolate, margin splitting ; gills attenuated behind, free, broad, ventricose, ascending, white or pallid then cinnamon ; stem about 1 in. long, 2 lines thick, equal, rather bulbous, fibrilloso-striate, white, solid ; veil librillose, evanescent ; spores 7-8 x 4 ^u.. Cortinarius (Hygrocyhe) Meedii, Berk. Outl., p. 194; Cke., Hdbk., p. 280; Cke., Illustr., pi. 843a. Amongst moss and beech mast. Cortinarius (Hydrocybe) leucopus. Bull. Pileus up to 1 in. across, flesh very thin except in the centre, conical, then expanded, margin arched, obtusely umbonate, when dry silky, shining, yellowish clay-colour with a suggestion of pink ; gills slightly adnexed, ventricose, rather crowded, pale, then cinnamon; stem equal, white, becoming hollow, Ij long, 2 lines thick; spores 6 X 3-4 fx. Cortinarius (Hydrocyhe) leucopus, Bull., Champ., t. 533, f. 2; Cke., Illustr., t. 843b (pileus wrong colour). On the ground in woods. Small, with the habit of Cortinarius pluvius^ but not viscid. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Hygr.) scandens. Fr. Pileus |— J in. across, submembranaceous, sometimes acutely at other times obtusely umbonate, slightly fleshy, conical -when young, then expanded, glabrous, margin slightly striate, when moist at first tawny-ferruginous then honey- oolour, tan-colour when dry, umbo tawny, the intensity of the colour varies with the weather ; gills adnate, thin, rather distant, 1-2 lines broad, narrowest behind, tawny-cinnamon, €dge entire, same colour; stem hollow, 3-4 in. long, 2 lines thick, incrassated at the apex, base always attenuated, very thin, subulate, flexuous, soft, even, yellowish, but at first sight, from the adpressed fibrils and dryness, shining white ; veil thin, fibrillose, white ; spores elliptical, obliquely apicu- late, 10 X 5 /A. CORTINAEIUS. 31 Cortinarius (Hygrocyhe) scandens. Fries, Mouogr., i. p. 108 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 281 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 830. In damp places in fir woods, &g. Stem 3-4 in. long, 2 lines thick, soft, yellowish when moist, shining white when diy, base subulate, always white. Yeil thin, fibrillose, superior. Pileus i-1 in. and more, tan- colour when dry, but the umbo, which may be acute, obtuse, or obsolete, rather tawny. Gills narrow, 1-2 lines broad, plane. (Fries.) ** Stem violet or reddish. Cortinarius (Hygr.) erythrinus. Fr. Pileus 1-1 .V in. across, conical then convex, regular, umbo- nate, umbo obtuse or almost obsolete, darker, even, glabrous, rufous-l)ay, tawny when dry, the thin flesh almost the same colour when moist ; gills slightly adnexed, thin, rather distant, ventricose, at first pallid then pale cinnamon ; stem 1^-3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal, rarely thickened at the base, straight or ascending, glabrous, but striate from the adpressed fibrils, white, violaceous above, stuffed then hollow ; veil superior, fibrillose, white. Cortinarius (^Hiigrocybe) erythrinus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 109 ; •Cke., Hdbk., p. 281 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 798a. In damp woods, amongst leaves, &c. Var. argyropus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 396. Slenderer than the type form, stem silvery, apex with W'hite meal. Cortinarius (Hygr.) decipiens. Fr. Pileus §-1 in. across, flesh thin, dingy, conical, glabrous, rshining, bay-brown, then brick-red when dry, at length ■depressed round the slightly fleshy, prominent, darker umbo ; gills adnate, thin, rather crowded, reddish ferruginous ; stem 2-2^ in. long, 1 J line thick, equal, covered with a separable 23allld cuticle, pale brick-red within, imperfectly hollow ; spores elliptical, dingy ferruginous, S X o fx. Cortinarius {Hygrocyhe) decipiens, Fries, Epicr., p. 312 Cke. Hdbk., p. 281 , Cke., Illustr., pi. 798b. In woods. Stem usually straight, without any tinge of violet. 32 FUNGUS-FLORA. Var. insignis. Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 396. Pileus paler, stem flexuous, glabrous ; gills less crowded. Cortinarius (Hygr.) germanus. Fr. Pileus J-f in. across, flesh thin, conical then expanded, ohtusely umbonate, hygrophanous, rather silky, even, brownish, pale tan when dry ; gills adnate, rather distant, 2 lines broad, pale cinnamon ; stem 2-3 in. long, l-l^^ line thick, equal, rather twisted and wavy, glabrous, lilac becoming pale, imperfectly hollow\ Cortinarius (Hygrocijhe) germanus. Fries, Epicr., p. 312; Cke., Hdbk., p. 281 ; Lke., illustr., pi. 844. In beech woods. Stem becoming silvery ; pileus not striate. Smell strong. *** Stem hecoming yellowish, usually groicing pale. Cortinarius (Hygr.) detonsus. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, almost membranaceous, conical then expanded, subiimbonate, silky then almost glabrous, striate to the middle when moist, colour bright yellow, when dry silky, even, and tan-colour ; flesh thin, whitish ; gills adnate, ventricose, distinct, rather distant, quite entire, all parts coloured alike, at lirst bright yellowy then reddish-cinnamon ; stem 2-3 in. long, about 2 lines thick, soft, glabrous, pallid, equal or attenuated upwards, pale yellowish stutfed then hollow ; spores 8 x 6 /x. Cortinarius {Hygrocyhe^ detonsus. Fries, Eoicr., p. 313; Cke., Hdbk., p. 282. In damp pine woods amongst moss, &c. Fragile, pale yellowish ; stature, &c., almost as in Cortinarius decipiens. A much larger form occurs having the stem reddish-yellow. Easily distinguished by the languid yellowish colour. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Hygr.) obtusus. Fr. (figs. 5, 6, 13, p. 16.) Pileus J-lJ in. across, rather membranaceous, conical then campanulate, at length expanded, obtusely umbonate, glabrous, margin striate, at first lerruginous-ba}', soon cinna- mon, pallid ochraceous or whitish-tan when dry, and in this CORTINARIUS. 33 last condition sometimes torn into fibrils ; gills adnate, ventri- cose, rather distant, very broad, thickish, the short ones narrower, connected by veins, ferrui^inous then tawny-cinna- mon ; stem 2-4 in. long, 2 lines thick or more, curved, flexuous (not undulated), attenuated at the base, fragile, with scattered, ad pressed, white silky fibrils, for the rest almost glabrous, yellowish-tan when moist, truly white when dry ; veil fibrillose, rarely conspicuous ; spores subochraceous ; spores 9 X o fj.. Cortinarius (^Hi/grocyhe) o'^jtusus, Frie«, Monogr., ii. p. Ill; Cke., Hdbk., p. 282 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. S-ioA. In woods. Gregarious. Yeil entirely fibrillose, whitish, making the youug pileus hoary and silky, commonly glabrous, but becoming broken up when dry. Umbo disappearing. AVith an evident smell. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Hygr.) acutus. Fr. Pileus about i-f in. across, almost membranaceous, conical then campanulate, at length expanded, umbo acute and coloured like the remainder, at length depressed round the umbo, striate when moist, obsoletely fibrillose near the margin when young, glabrous when adult, yellowish honey- colour, rather shining, tan or white when dr^^ and looking silky; flesh ver}^ thin similarly coloured; gills adnate, thin, crowded, becoming more distant and free as the pileus ex- pands, lanceolate, ochraceous cinnamon. Stem 3-4 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, equal, flexuous albo-fibrillose, at length glabrous, colour of the pileus when both moist and dry, hollow ; spores 6 X 4 /x. Cortinarius (Hygrocyhe) acutus. Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 112 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 282 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 845a. In mixed woods. Sometimes scattered, sometimes gre- garious. With the habit of Galera, but remarkable for the acute umbo. **** Stem hecoming dusTnj, Cortinarius (Hygr.) Junghuhnii, Fr. Pileus about 1 in. across, disc slightly fleshy, remainder thin, convex o-plane, papillato-umbonate, striate to the middle VOL. II. D 34 FUNGUS-FLORA. when moist, nndcr a lens seen to be covered witli scattered, white, persistent fibrils, slightly velvety, shining cinnamon, tawny when dry ; gills adnate, ventricose, 2 lines broad, thin, veined at the base, saffron brick-red; stem 2-3 in. long, 2 lines thick, almost eqnal or attenuated and whitish at the base, stuffed then hollow, pale brick-red without and within, darkest iuside, outside shining, adpressedly with brownish fi.brils ; veil brownish, obsolete ; spores elliptical, 8 x 5-6 //,. Cortinarius JunghuJnui, Fries, Epicr., p. 31-i ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 282 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 14Ga. In woods amongst moss, &c. Smell none. Cortinarius (Hygr.) depressus. Fr. Pileus about 2 in. across, flesh membranaceous, conico- convex, obtusely umbonate, at length almost plane, and depressed round the umbo, striate at the margin when moist, ferruginous-brown, brownish tan when dry : gills adnate, rather crowded, broad, plane, thin, yellowish saffron then ferruginous, edge quite entire ; stem 1-2 in. long, 2 lines thick, equal or attenuated below, rigid, rather cartilaginous, even, whitish silky when young, then glabrous, reddish, base becoming brownish, hollow, veil scarcely evident. Cortinarius (Sygrocyhe) dep-essus^ Fries, IMonogr., ii. p. 113 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 283 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 860. Damp places in woods, &c. The prettiest and most distinct species of the present sub- genus, habit almost that of Naucoria ciicumis. Odour weak, resembling stale fish or cucumbers. Stem short, rigid, at length becoming blackish. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Hygr.) milvinus. Fr. Pileus |— 1|^ in. across, membranaceous, conical then expanded, slightly umbonate, glabrous, striate up to the bro- squamulose, at length pierced with depressions, rarely cam- panulate and lax. (Fries.) o S FUNGUS-FLORA. Cortinarius (Tela.) bulbosus. Fr. Pileus about 3 in. across, nnequally fleshy, campanulate then expanded, obtuse or broadly gibbons, even or with the epidermis torn into squamnles or fibrils near the margin, bay "vvhen moist, fnscoiis-tan when dry ; flesh similarly coloured when moist, whitish when dry, compact at the disc; gills adnate, rather distant, broad, at first dark then brownish- cinnamon, never violet-tinted; stem 2-3 in. long, bulbous, ]ialer than the pileus, vaguely peronate and imperfectly rinored from the white veil, solid ; spores 8 X 3-4 yu,. Cortinarius (Telamonia) hidhosus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 73; Cke., Hdbk., p. 264; Cke., Illustr., pi. 852. Agaricus hidhosus^ Sow., t. 230. In woods, amongst moss, &c. Allied to C. armillatus and C. hrimneus, resembling the first in colour and the second in size ; differs in the shorter stem and the usually inconspicuous ring formed by the veil, differs from Inoloma in the hygrophanous pileus, and from Hycfrocyhe in the gills. Stem decidedly bulbous, base and inside somewhat saftron-colour, at length brick-red ; pileus siightlyh^'grophanous, often fibrillosely torn near the margin,, flesh-coloured like the pileus, whitish when dry, distinct from C. hivelus in the darker colour. (Fries.) Smell like that of radishes. Pileus 2-3 in. broad, fibril- lose under a lens, brittle; margin thin. Gills rounded, sub- adnate, distinct, 2-3 lines broad. Stem 3-4 in. high, sub- fi brill ose, in full grown specimens ferruginous at the base. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Tela.) urbicus. Fr. Pileus I2-2 in. across, fleshy, convex then plane, glabrous, whitish-tan colour; gills emarginate, ventricose, 3 lines broad or even more, rather close, pale ferruginous ; stem about 2 in. long, -J— J in. thick, equal, nearly smooth,, peronate, pallid, villose above the narrow, white ring, solid. Cortinarius (^Telamonia') nrhicus, Fries, Epicr., p. 293; Cke., Hdbk., p. 264; Cke., Illustr., pi. 818. In grassy jolaces. Allied to Corf, hivelus, but readily distinguished by being glabrous and paler in colour. COKTIXARIUS. 39 Cortinarius (Tela.) licinipes. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, membranaceous, campaimlate then convex, at length exi:)anded, obtusely nmbonate, usually becoming depressed round the umbo, even, glabrous, yellow- ish, pale tan when drj' ; gills adnate, very broad behind, up to h in., rather crowded, ({uite entire, watery cinnamon ; stem 4-5 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, fragile, equal often flexuous, whitish, base ^^^th white down, the remainder with white floccose or plumose scales, naked when old, smooth above the distant, membranaceous ring, stulfed then hollow. Cortinarius (Telamonia) licinipeSy Fries, Epicr., p. 293; Cke., Hdbk., p. 265; Cke., Illustr., pi. 819. In fir woods, when growing in damp places, amongst sphagnum, &c., the stem is elongated, shorter in drj- situations. Cortinarius (Tela.) microcyclus. Fr. Pileus 1-lJ in. across, thin, almost membranaceous, plano- convex, reddish-fuscous, the minutely umbonate disc darker, pale and opaque when dry, even, glabrous, never torn ; gills adnate, very broad, almost ovate in form, thin, at first lilac, then dark cinnamon ; stem 1-2 in. long, base 3 lines, apex about 1^ line thick, but variable, from the incrassated base attenuated uj^wards, white or pallid, veil collapsed into a white zone round the stem. Cortinarius {Telamonia) microcyclus. Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 78 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 265 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 865. In pine woods, &c. Allied to Cort. decipiens in colour and habit, but diifering in the somewhat bulbous stem and the white ring. (Fries.) ** Stem and gills violet, cortina ivMtish becoming violet, universal veil ivJiite. Cortinarius (Tela.) torvus. Fr. Pileus 2-4 in. across, flesh thin except the disc, convex, margin at first incurved, then wholly expanded, obtuse, rather fragile, even, or the cuticle minutely broken up when dry, with depressed points when old, sometimes coarsely radiato- rugulose, at first hoary with minute fibrillose squamules, and marbled with the same hoariness when smooth, scarcely 40 FUNGUS-FLORA. hygrophanoTis, bay, bay -brown, or coppery-brown; flesh dingy, whitish when dry ; gills somewhat adnate, thick, dis- tant, plane, fragile, very broad (3-6 lines), violet at first, soon purplish-umber, finally dark cinnamon, edge quite entire, at length veined at the base ; stem 3-5 in. long, ^-1 in. thick, short and bulbous when young, then elongated and sub- equal, when perfect sheathed and peronate to the middle by the adnate veil, above which the stem is nearly equal, pale violet, villosely cortinate when young, then fibrillose ; whitish below the white, spreading ring, fibrillose, in fullest vigour floccosely scaly, base covered with white down, solid, then spongy, usually bored and eaten by larvae ; spores, 10- 12 X 7-8 /x. Cortinarhis (^Telamonia) ^ort'ws. Fries, Epicr., p. 293; Cke., Hdbk., p. 265; Cke., Illustr., pi. 801 ; Kalchbr., pi. 21, f. 1. In woods, especially beech. Showy, common^ robu-st, stem at first bulbous, then elongated and equal; ring evident, subpersistent. Pileus bay, and with a violet tinge at first. There is a form having the gills rufous flesh-colour. (Fries.) Klotzch's specimens are evidently the genuine form, figured by Bulliard ; mine are slightly different, but clearly belong- ing to the same species. The youngest plants have no tinge of violet ; but this is probably owing to their being found in very dry weather. Pileus in the variety If in. broad, obtuse, convex, at length plane, shining with a satiny lustre, at length sometimes rimulose, whitish tinged with umber, fleshy in the centre, the margin thin ; portions of the veil persistent on the edge. Gills adnate, deep umber, distant, sometimes very slightly emarginate in old specimens. Stem 2h in. high, I an in. thick, nearly equal or slightly attenuated below, j^aler than the pileus, hosed as it were, with the white veil ; reddish within. Odour like that of A. fastihilis. (Berk.) Cortinarius (Tela.) impennis. Fr. Pileus 1-^-2 in. across, fleshy, convex, obtuse, rigid, almost glabrous, colour almost brick-red, becoming pale; gills adnate, then emarginate, distant, thick, 3-4 lines broad, violet, soon purplish, at length watery cinnamon ; stem 2-3 in. Laig, -^ in. thick at the apex, rather bulbous, 2)allid, the imperfect COETIXARIUS. 41 I'ing and apex violet, whitish-cortiiiate, solid; spores, 10- 11 X 7 /x. Cortinarius (Telamon'id) impennis, Fries, Epicr., p. 293 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 265; Cke., Iliustr., pi. 853. In pine woods, &c. Stem 2 in. long, h in. thick, often cylindrical, fibrillose, ring incomplete. Pileus flesli}^ especially at the disc, at tirst sooty-umber, then hrick-red or red (in the young stage almost the colour of Culhjhia hutjjraced), not hoary, t-ilky lound the margin when young, at length cracked. (Fries.j Cortinarius (Tela.J lucorum. Fr. Pileus li-2 in. across, convex then expanded, gibbous, margin wavy, even, bay with a tinge of brick-red when moi^^t; flesh very thin except at the disc; gills emarginate, rather distant, about 3 lines broad, cinnamon with a tran- •sient tinge of violet; stem about 2 in. long, 3—4 lines thick, {-lightly clavate, very fibrillose, pallid, solid ; veil forming a ^vhite distant zone on the stem, flesh like that of the pileus dingy ochraceous ; spores elliptical, 10 X 5 /x. Cortinarius (Telamonid) lucorum^ Cke., Hdbk., p. 379 ; Cke., Iliustr., pi. 1192. Cortinarius {Telamonia^ impennis, Fries, var, lucorum, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 377. On the ground in woods, &c. Stem sometimes slightly curved, and tinged with violet above. Cortinarius (Tela.) plumiger. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thin, conical when j'oung, then campanulate, umbo broad, obtuse, very prominent, often cracked, dry, densely covered with white, floccose, feathery scales that are erect and squarrose, or after rain becoming- depressed and silky, hygrophanous, fuscous with an olive tinge when moist, reddish-tan when dry ; gills adnate, scarcely crowded, broad, violet at first, soon watery, then pure cinnamon, edge quite entire, similar in colour or tan- colour; stem remarkably clavate, 3-4 in. long, base 1 in. apex 5 lines thick, pale, watery white within ; veil shining white, floccosely scaly on the stem, forming an imperfect ring at the apex, solid ; spores 10 x 5-6 ft. 42 FUNGUS-ILORA. Cortinarius (Telamonia) plumiger. Fries, ,_Epicr., p. 294 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 266. In woods. Cortinarius (Tela.) scutulatus. Fr. Pileus aboiit 1 in. across, fleshy at the disc, margin thin, ovate then expanded, obtuse, purjDle-iimber, brick-red when dry, at first silky and white near the margin, ihen becoming broken np into sqnamules ; gills adnate, about 2-3 lines broad, rather distant, purple-violet ; stem 3-4 in. long, \ in. thick, somewhat bnlbons, rigid, dark violet outside and inside, solid, peronate and more or less ringed; sjDores elliptical, 7 x 3 /x. Cortinarius (Telamonia) scutulatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 294; Cke., Hdbk., p. 266 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 820a. In damp woods, &c. Smell like that of radishes, stem above the bulb, which is- often wanting, cylindrical, apex often hollow, hence the fleshy disc of the pileiis becomes umbilicate. Yeil sometimes concentrically sqnamulose, sometimes almost absent, mem- branaceous ring obsolete. Edge of gills at first whitish then cinnamon. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Tela.) evernius. Fr. Pileus 2-4 in. across, thin, almost membranaceous, conico- camj)anulate then expanded, obsoletely umbonate, everywhere covered with a white, fibrillose, silky, adpressed veil, usually purple-bay when glabrous, very hygrophanous, brick-red when dry, becoming dingy pale ochraceous when old, cracked and torn into fibrils, very fragile ; the very thin flesh similarly coloured ; gills adnate, ventricose, very broad (J-1 in.), distant, purplish-violet, becoming pale, at length cinnamon ; stem 3-6 in. long, h in. and more thick, equal or attenuate downwards, slightly striate, violet, becoming pale, ob?oletely squamulose and indistinctly annulate from the^ veil; spores elliptical, granular, 10 X 7 /x. Cortinarius (Telamonia') evernius, Fiie^, 'Monogr., ii. p. 77; Cke., Hdbk., p. 266 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 821 and 865. In damp pine woods, &c. Smell not remarkable, resembling C. elatior in size, but not in any way allied, differing in the absence of the glutinous veil and also in colour. (Fries.) & CORTIXARIUS. 43 Tufted or siibgregarioiis. Pileus 1-2 inclies hroaJ, purple- brown, shining with a satiny lustre, umbonate, the umbO' generally subumbilicate ; flesh moderatelj'' thick in the centre. Gills very broad, at length subferruginous, distant,, adnate for half their breadth. Stem 2^4 inches high,. -^ in. thick, undulated, silky, much paler than the pileus, with a few slight traces of the veil. Sowerby's plant and that of Fries seem to be the same ; but if so, the former is not, as Fries supposes, merely the young state, but arrived at its full growth. (Berk.) Cortinarius (Tela.) quadricolor. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, rather fleshy, thin, conical then expanded, umbonate, glabrous, at length with depressed spots, pale yellow then tawny, shining when dry; flesh thin, coloured like the pileus ; gills adnate, dist^^nt, 3-4 lines- broad, but thin, margin white, serrate, dark violet or purplish cinnamon; stem 3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal, flexuous, rather rigid, fibrilloso-striate from the adpressed veil, which above collapses and forms an oblique wliite ring that eventually disappears, stuftcd then hollow; sj)ores 10-11 x 6-7 II. Cortinarius (Telamonia) quadricolor, Fries, Epicr., p. 295 ; Cke. Hdbk., p. 2G6; Cke., Illustr., pi. 807. In beech woods, &c. Agreeing with C. Mnnuleus in size, but differing in colour. Gills sometimes violet. (Fries.) *** Stem and veil red or yelloio. Gills tawny or cinnamon, not violet nor becoming brown. Cortinarius (Tela.) helvolus. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thin, convex then plane, obtuse or obtusely umbonate, glabrous, even, dark tawny-ferrugi- nous, yellowish when dry, becoming cracked, the margin at first covered with the veil, regularly incurved ; gills dis- tinctly emarginate, -i lines broad, distant, thick, base rather veined, opaque, tawny then tawny-cinnamon; stem variable in length, in the largest form 6-8 in. long and up to 1 in. thick, in the medium form 3 in. long, 4 lines thick, in the smallest form 2 in. long, attenuated at the base, apex 2-3 44 FUNGUS-FLORA. lines thick, solid, almost equal, not straight, fibrillose, with ■a narrow ring-like, rusty margined zone above formed from the veil, more or less Jerruginous both outside and inside, solid ; spores G x 5 //. Cortinarias {Telamonia) lielvolus. Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 85; €ke., Hdbk., p. 267 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 80-4b. In wooded pastures, &c. A small form occurs havino; the pileus ferruginous then becoming pale, disc darker. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Tela.; armillatus. Fr. Pileus 3-4 in. across, disc fleshy, remainder thin, campanu- late then expanded, brownish brick-red, pale when dry ; gills adnate or ventricose behind and appearing to be ad- iiexed, 3-4 lines broad, distant ; pale then dark cinnamon ; stem 4-5 in. long, h iu. thick above, bulbous or conical, iibrillose, pale, with several oblique red zones, solid, brownish within ; spores 10 X 6 /x. Cortinarius (^Telamonia) armillatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 295; Cke., Hdbk., p. 267 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 802. In woods. Allied to Cort. Jmematochelis, but distinguished by the dis- tant gills, and by having more than one red ring on the stem. Cortinarius (Tela.) haematochelis. Bulk Pileus 3-4 in. across, fleshy at the disc, thin elsewhere, gibbous, silky-fibrillose, brownksh brick-red, pallid when dry, campanulate then expanded ; gills adnate or adnexed, crowded, thin, 2 lines brc^ad, sometimes more, pale cinna- mon ; stem 4-5 in. long, l in. thick above, somewhat bulbous, attenuated upwards, jjallid, with a single, distant, oblique red zone, solid ; spores granular, 10 X 7-8 /x. Cortinarius (^Telamonia) haematochelis, Cke., Hdbk., p. 267; Cke., Illustr., pi. 803. Ar/aricus haematochelis, Bulliard, Champ. France, t. 527, f. 1. In woods. Stature of Corf, hninneus, also resembing Cort. armillatus^ l3Ut distinguished by having only one red zone on the stem. Cortinarius (Tela.) praestigiosus. Fr. Pileus 1-^-2 in. across, almost membranaceous, flattened, striate up to the obtuse or acute umbo, at first dark then CORTIXARIUS. 45 li«;ht bay, becoming torn towards the silky marfijin ; gills, adnata, 2-3 lines broad, rather distant, tawny-cinnamon ; stem 3-5 in. long, slender, very fragile, pale red, rather shining, with red squamules, lioUow. Cortinarius (Telamon'ia) paraijandis^ var. praestifjiosus, Fries,. Epicr., p. 295 ; Fries, Hj-m. Eur., p. 379. Under pines, &c. The typical form has not been found in this countrj'-. Cortinarius (Tela.) croceo-fulvus. Fr. Pileus 2-4 in. across, fleshy, convex then expanded, obtusely umbonate or gibbous, even, bright tawny-orange ; ^ills adnate, slightly sinuate, 3 lines broad or more, rather distant, ferruginous ; stem 3-4 in. long, ^5- in. thick, equal, yellow with a tinge of rufous, zoned with a rufous-orange line, the remains of the veil, solid, flesh like that of the pileus, bright yellow ; spores obliquely elliptical, granular,. 8-10 X 6 /x. " Cortenarius (^Telamonin) croceo-fulvus, Fries, Epicr., p. 290 ; Cke., Ildbk., p. 379 ; Cke., lUustr., pi. 1193. Agaricus croceo-fulvus, D. C, Fl. Fr., v. p. 49. In woods. Eeadily known by the bright tawny-orange pileus, and the clear yellow colour of the flesh. Cortinarius (Tela.) limonius. Fr. Pileus 2-4 in. across, truly fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, even and glabrous when moist, cracked and incised when drv; tawny-citron, yellowish-ochre and opaque when dry; flesh coloured like the pileus, not splitting; gills adnate, rarely emarginate, distant, for a long time yellow, at length tawny-cinnamon ; stem 3 in. long, h in. thick, equal or attenuated at the base, where it becomes deep saffron, floe- cosely squamulose from the veil, apex sometimes with a coloured flocoose veil, solid. Cortinarius (Tela.) limonius, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 80 ; Cke.,. Hdbk., p. 267 • Cke., Illustr., pi. 804a. In pine woods. Smell none. Base ef stem at length saffron-colour, some- times attenuated, at others slighty incrassated. Eing often floccose and radiating, but from the squamules on the stem 46 FUNGUS-FLORA. evidently a Telamonia. Pileus distinctly hygrophanous, not splitting. (Fries.) Pileus 2-4 in. broad, when dry ocliry-yellow, subsquar- rose. Gills sometimes adnate, sometimes emarginate, veil rarel}'' forming a perfect ring. Stem 2-4 in. high, h in. thick, iirm, fibrillose, dull yellow sometimes saffron-red. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Tela.) hinnuleus. Fr. Pileus 1-2 ^~ in. across, flesh very thin except at the sub- iimbonate disc, conico-campanulate then expanded, glabrous, pallid tawny-cinnamon, tawny when dry; gills slightly emarginate, distant, 3—4 lines broad, tawny-cinnamon, edges <[uite entire ; stem 3-4 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, rigid, .attenuate below or subequal, tawny, the whitish silky veil forming a ring-like zone, stuffed; spores elliptical, granular, 10-12 X 7-8 fx. Cortinarius (Telamonia) Jiinnuleus, Fries, Ej)icr., p. 296; €ke., Hdbk., p. 268 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 805. In woods, &G. Yery variable in size, stem sometimes short and equal, sometimes slender, elongated, and flexuous, at times brownish, up to 4 lines thick. Pileus varies to pallid and at length •depressed, rarely silky near the margin. Gills plane, •slightly connected by veins. Eecedes from all the species in the subgenus in having a white veil. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Tela.) gentilis. Fr. (fig. 9, p. 16.) Pileus J-1 in. across, flesh thin, conico-expanded then :flattened, acutely umbonate, tawny-cinnamon, yellow when dry, cracked and incised, sometimes somewhat silky ; gills -adnate, thick, very distant, plane, connected by veins, •coloured like the pileus at first, not changing colo^^r when -dry like the pileus and stem, hence every part of the fungus is coloured alike when moist, but differently coloured when •dry ; stem 3-4 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, equal or attenuated at the base, often curved, usually straighter than that of other species of similar size, fibrillose, tawny-cinnamon, yellow when dry ; veil forming an oblique ring, sometimes arranged in several zones, sometimes yellow below the Hoccoso-squamulose riog; sjDores granular, 7-8 X 6 /x. Cortinarius (Telamonia) gentilis, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 87; Cke., Hdbk., p. 268; Cke., Illustr., pi. 806. COKTINAEIUS. 47 In pine woods, &c. Gregarious. Pileus ^-3 in. broad, at first conic-obtuse, then more or less acutely umbonate, with frequently a depression round the umbo, cinnamon chano-ing to a pale tawny, marked in decay with brown streaky blotches, shining, somewhat cracked, subfibrillose, sometimes with a few very minute silky scales. Gills very distant, thick, adnate, rounded behind, cinnamon or dark ferruginous. Stem 3 in. high, 2-3 lines thick, of the same colour as the pileus, nearly equal, at first marked with the remains of the woven spongy ring, fibrillose, wavy, at length hollow. (Berk.) Cortinarius (Tela.) helvelloides. Fr. Pileus ^-1 in. across, submembranaceous, convex then expanded, umbonate, almost glabrous, striate when in perfect condition, ferruginous, cracked and squarrose when mature, rather tawny when dry, sometimes fibrillose when young ; gills adnate, very thick and remarkably distant, rather broad, distinct, at first violet-umber (never purplish), edge whitish, soon entirely umber-cinnamon, at length ferruginous ; stem 2-3 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, equal, very much undulated and flexuous, somewhat ferruginous without any white ; veil yellowish, forming a silkiness near the margin of the pileus, and an imperfect ring near the apex of stem, above which the stem is silky- white and shinino; ; spores 7 x 5 /x. Cortinarius {Telamonia) hehelloides, Fr,, Epicr., p. 297; Cke., Hdbk., p. 268; Cke., Illustr., pi. 836. In beech woods, &c., in damp places amongst rotten leaves. Inodorous. Form of pileus and colour variable, but un- mistakable on account of the thick, very distant gills. Cortinarius (Tela.) rubellus. Cooke. Pileus 2-3 in. across, fleshy, campanulate then expanded, rufous-orange, darker at the umbo, disc fleshy, thin towards the margin, flesh reddish-ochre ; gills adnate, sinuate, rather na.rrow, scarcely crowded, pale, then bright ferruginous-red ; stem 3-4 in. long, ^ in. thick, pale above, darker below, marked with concentric dark ferruginous fibrillose bands, equal or attenuated upwards, solid ; spores pyriform, minutely rough, 8 X 5 //.. 48 rUXGUS-FLORA. Cortinarius (Telamoni(i) ruhellus, Cke., Grevillea, xiv. p. 44; Cke., HdLk., p. 268; Cke., Illustr., pi. 835. In Bwampy places. With somewhat the habit of a small form of C. armillatus, but distinguished by the brighter-coloured pileus, and by the fibrillose rings on the stem being dark ferruginous and not vermilion. **** Stem hecominrj hroionish, veil fuscous or dingy, gills dark. Cortinarius TTela.) bovinus. Fr. Pileus 3—5 in. across, flet^h rather tliick at the disc, tiiin towards the margin and often splitting, watery, pallid, convex then expanded, obtuse or gibbous, even, glabrous, with point-like depressions w^hen old, fragile, soon glabrous, opaque, hygrophanous, watery cinnamon, tawny when dry ; gills adnexed, up to h in. broad, not veined at the sides, rather distant, cinnamon, becoming dark; stem about 3 in. long, conspicuously bulbous, base 2 in., apex 1 in. thick, dingy pallid, girdled by a single brown zone formed by the interwoven veil, scarcely peronate, brownish -cinnamon, ■whitish above the brown zone, solid but very spongy within. Cortinarius (^Telamonia) hovinus. Fries, Epicr., p. 297 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 269 ; Cke., Illustr., pL 822. In pine and mixed woods, &c. Cortinarius TTela.) nitrosus. Cooke. Stinking. Pileus 2-3 in. across, fleshy, rather thin, obtuse, convex, then expanded, undulate at the margin, i'awn-colonr or tawny, darker and brownish at the disc, soon breaking up into minute, somewhat concentric, darker scales ; gills rather broad ; somewhat distant, emarginate, violet then watery cinnamon; stem 2-3 in. long, h in. thick, nearly equal, ochraceous, darker at the base, paler than the pileus, marked with concentric darker squamose bands, solid ; spores ellip- tical, 12 X 4: fX. Cortinarius {Telamonia') nitrosus, Cke., Grevillea, xvi. p. 44 : Cke., Hdbk., p. 269 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 837. In mixed woods. Flesh of pileus and stem pale brown. Distinguished by the strong nitrous odour and the banded stem. CORTINARIUS. 49 Cortinarius (Tela.) brunneus. Fr. Pileus 3-4 in. across, unequally fleshy, disc obtusely ^imbonate and truly fleshy, the rest thin, campanulate then expanded, naked, innately fibrillose towards the mar. 28 G ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 7GG. Amongst leaves and moss in woods. Solitary-, elegant, flesh of stem blue, of pileus white ; not S2:)litting nor hygrophanous. Stem rather fragile, often twisted, bright sk^^-blue, 3 in. long, 4 lines thick; pileus li-2 in. broad, convexo-plane, at first lilac, then fuscous and pallid. Gills 2 lines broad, thin, at first slightly emarginate, then decurrent. (Fries.) The figure given by Cooke does not agree in 'all par- ticulars with the description by Fries, yet it appears to be a form of the present species. Cortinarius (Dermo.) albocyaneus. Fr. Pileus li-2 in. across, fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, with an evanescent, silky pellicle, becoming smooth, white then yellowish, gills emarginate, about 3 lines broad, crowded, at first bluish-purple, then somewhat ochraceous ; stem 3-4 in. long, J— I in. thick at the base, somewhat clavate, whitish, naked, stuffed; spores elliptical, size variable, 6-10 x 4—7 /x. Cortinarius (^Dermocyhe) albocyaneus. Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 62 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 259 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 748. In beech woods, &c. ''■' According to Cooke's figure the present species is sometimes slightly fasciculate, and the gills grey then pale cinnamon. Veil cinnamon. This species, along with C. tahularis and C. caninus form a very natural section, whose infinity of form is with, difficulty defined. The present species runs close to G. alboviolaceiis, from which it differs in the naked stem, the obtuse silky pileus that eventuallj^ becomes glabrous (not innately- fibrillose), gills crowded, purplish-blue then ochraceous, flesh of pileus -svhite. From C. anomalus the present species differs 64 FUNGUS-FLORA. in the firmer, somewhat club-shaped stem, flattened pileus (not gihbous), at first white then yellowish, broader gills at length somewhat ochraceous. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Dermo.) anomalus. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, remarkably convex then -expanded and gibbous, smoky then w^ith a rufons tinge, hoary froai evanescent fibrils, at length yellowish, not hygrophanous ; flesh white w^hen dr^^ not splitting ; gills sometimes adnate, at others emarginate, with a decurrent tooth, thin, crowded, more or less tinged violet or greyish- purple, at length cinnamon ; stem stuffed then hollow, 2-3 in. long, 3 lines thick, attenuated, slightly peronate, flbrillose or rather squamulose, violet above, whitish down- wards, at length becoming pale and yellowish ; spores broadly elliptical, 8-9 X 7 /x. Cortinarius (^Dermocyhe) anomalus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 62 ; €ke., Hdbk., p. 259 ; Cke., Illustr., p. 776. In woods. Gregarious, small, flesh watery, veil coloured, gills some- times emarginate, sometimes decurrent, violet, purplish, or grey, always thin and narrow. In pine woods it is sometimes more slender, stem thin, equal, glabrous, and flexuous. (Fries.) Pileus 1-2 in. broad, very obtuse, sometimes broadly but ^ery flatly umbonate, tinged at first with violet, minutely silky so as to joresent a white satiny appearance, gradually changing to ochraceous or slightly tawny; flesh thick, except at the extreme margin, which has often traces of the arachnoid veil dusted with the sporules. Gills close rounded behind, at first violet, at length pale ferruginous. Stem 2h in. high, ^} in. thick, in tlie middle subbulbous, more or less tinged with violet, solid, fibrillose with more or less distinct transverse closely-pressed brownish scales, which originate in the veil ; the top is adorned with the descending fibres of the veil, which form a sjourious ring dusted with the sporules, and beneath this there is some- times another red circle wdiich is the true ring. (Berk.) Cortinarius (Dermo.) spilomeus. Fr. Pileus about 1 in. across, convex then expanded, gibbous, almost glabrous, not hygrophanous, rufous or tan-colour; CORTINA RTUS. 65 gills adnate or emarginate, crowded, narrow, thin, quite entire, grey or violet becjniing pile, at length watery cinnamon ; stem hollow, almost equal, about 2 inches long, 1-2 lines thick, whitish-lilac, elegantly variegated with rufous or tawny scales, apex cortinate, white ; spores obliquely elli])tical, 6 X 7 /x. Corthmrius (Deniiocyhe) spilomeus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 63 ; Cke., lldbk., p. 259. In woods. Commonly caespitose. Allied to C. anomnJus, but smaller and more slender, and easily distinguished by the scaly stem. Pileus 1 in. broad, slightly fleshy, colour various, when 3'oung whitish, then ferruginous tinged with fuscous, yellowish when dry. Gills violet, then lilac, at length cinnamon. Stem 2—1: inches high, 2-3 lines thick, white tinged with violet, (Fries.) Cortinarius (Dermo.) lepidopus. Cooke. Pileus 1-2^ in. across, flesh thin except at the disc, convex then expanded, gibbous, umber with a tinge of violet near the mai-gin, becoming rufcscent at the disc, flesh whitish, witli a faint tinge of violet, and a darker line near the gills ; gills adnate, rather crowded, 2 lines broad, thin, A'iolet then cinnamon ; stem 3— i in. long, l~h in. thick at the base, attenuated upwards, becoming hollow when old, violet at the apex, dirty white below, with concentric, fibrillose, darker bands, flesh with a pale lilac tinge above, and dirty Avhite below; veil whiiish with a tinge of violet; spores ovate, sometimes almost globose, with an apiculus, 9 x 6 /x. Cortinarius (Dermocyhe) lepidopus, Cke., Grev., xvi. p. 43 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 259 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 850. Heathy ground in woods, &c. Colour of pileus variable in the shade of brown, sometimes pale. Allied to C. anomalus, but resembling C. spilomeus in the banded stem, although less distinct, and of a different colour. Stem often wavy. Gregarious or fasciculate. * GUIs bright cinnamon, red, or yellow. Cortinarius (Dermo.) miltinus. Fr. Pileus 1^-2 in. across, thin, convex or lentiform then VOL. II. " F 66 FUXGUS-FLORA. expanded, oHnse or broadly gibbous, even, glabrous and polished, cinnamon-bay or dark cinnamon when moist, cracking at the disc, when dry the disc is bay, the remainder brick-red, shining ; flesh Avatery when moist, tan when dry ; gills adnate, 1-1 i line broad, almost linear, plane, crowded, thin, bright reddish-cinnamon then feiruginous ; stem 2-3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, very tough, subcartilaginous, equally attenuated iipwards, often twisted, base with white down, cinnamon or reddish, with red fibrils, apex often villose from the red veil ; spores elliptical. 6 X 4 /x. Cortinarius (Dermocifhe) miltimis, Fries, Epicr., p. 287 ; Cke., Hdbk., p". 2G0 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 785a. In woods. Smell none. With the general aspect of C. spllomeus, but the colour of C. cinnamomeiis. Stem distinctly cartilaginous, 2-3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, apex villous with the red cortina or veil. Pileus obtuse or broadly gibbous, Ih in. broad, pale when dry, brick-red, disc somewhat bay-colour; flesh watery then yellowish. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Dermo.) cinnabarinus. Fr. Smell strong of radishes. Every part crimson-lake with a vermilion tinge, flesh paler ; pileus §-1^ in. across, obtuse, silky, shining, flesh very thin except at the disc; gills subdistant, broad, slightly emarginate, with an olive tinge; stem 1-2 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, stuffed, subequal, silky- fibrillose : spores elliptic-oblong with an oblique apiculus, 8x4//. Cortinarius (Dermocyhe) cinnamomeus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 370 ; Cke., Illustr., t. 785b (larger than usual form.) In woods. Distinguished from C. sanguineus by the stuffed stem, radishy odour and broad gills with olive tinge and unequal margin. Fries states that the stem is sometimes yellowish. Cortinarius CDermo.) sanguineus. Fr. Pilous 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, expanded, obtuse, often wavy, innately silky or squamulose, dark blood-red ; flesh, like that of the stem, similar in colour; gills adnexed, crowded, rather broad, dark blood-red ; stem 1^-2 in. long, 2 lines thick, equal, along with the veil, dark blood red, hollow ; spores G-7 X 4 /x. CORTINARIUS. 67 Cortinarhis (Dermocyhe) sanguineus. Fries, Epicr., p. 288 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 260 ; Cke., lUustr., pi. 786. In woods. Stem more frequently attenuated than incrassated at the base, giving out a blood -red juice when compressed. Slenderer than C. cinnaharinus. I'ileus about 1 in. broad, convex, gills sometimes adnate, sometimes emarginate, stem stuffed, then hollow. (Fries.) Cortinarius ( Dermo.; anthracinus. Fr. Pileus i-J in. across, disc fleshy, remainder thin, convex then expanded, umbonate, silky-tibrillose, almost glabrous, chestnut-colour; flesh similarly coloured; gills adnate, crowded, slightly rounded behind, broad, scarlet, becoming blood-red when bruised ; stem about 2 in. long, 2 lines thick, equal, fibrillose, intense blood-red, hollow ; spores elliptical, cinnamon with a red tinge, 7 X 5 /x. Cortinarius {Dermocyhe) autliracinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 288 ; Cke., Hdbk,, p. 261 ; Cke., Illustr., 787a. In woods. Cortinarius (Dermo.) cinnamomeus. Fr. Pileus 1-2| in. across, flesh thin, convexo-campanulate, umbonate, somewhat] cinnamon-colour, silkily squamulose T^4th yellowish innate librils, becoming almost glabrous; gills adnate, broad, crowded, shining, yellowish then tawny- yellow ; stem 2-4 in. long, equal, yellow, as is also the flesh and the veil, hollow ; spores 7-8 x 4-5 fx. Cortinarius (Dermocyhe) cinnamomeus. Fries, Epicr., p. 288 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 261 ; Cke., Illustr., j)!. 777, 778. In woods. A very common species, especially in mossy places in pine woods, occurring under many well defined forms, which cannot be separated as species. Essential points common to all. (1) Stem everj^where equal ! stuffed then hollow, yel- lowish, fibrillose from the similarly coloured veil. (2). Pileus thin, flattened and obtusely umbonate, silky with yellowish down, often glabrous when adult, and then bright cinnamon, but the colour is variable. (3) Flesh splitting, yellowish. (4) Gills adnate, crowded, thin, broad, always shining. (5) Spores dark oohraceous, size and colour very variable; F 2 GS FUNGUS-FLOPtA. pileus from |-3-4 In. across ; colour of pileus changeable, depending on the more or less persistence of the down (fnn- dn mental colour and veil constant in this species and its allies) ; gills varying through blood-red, reddish cinnamon, tawny-satfron, golden and 3'ellow. (Fries.) Pileus l-2i in. broad, convex or even obtusely conical when young, becoming nearly plane, obtusely umbonate, deep reddish cinnamon, often cracking at the margin, which is thin and sometimes fibrillose, smooth, somewhat fleshy. Flesh yellowish. Gills numerous, adnate, yellow cinnamon, broad, margin often notched. Stem 2-3 in. high, 2-4 lines thick, equal, fibrillose, yellow, solid, hollow in old (?) large plants. (Grev.) Var. croceus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. Q6 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 2C1 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 780a. Smaller than the t^-pical form, pileus innately squamulose, gills less crowded and shining, paler; in swamps the pileus is sometimes fuscous olive, gills and stem olive, or stem fuscous ; spores G x 3 /n. Var. semisanguineus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 370 ; Cke., Ildbk., p. 261 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 779. Pileus 1.^-2^7 in. across, tawny, stem 2-3 in. long, yellow, hollow ; gills narrow, blood-red or deep orange-brown with a red tinge ; spores 7-8 X 4 /x. Cortinarius (Dermo.) croceo-conus. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, conical then campanulate, persistently acute, almost glabrous, tawny-cinnamon ; gills adnexed, ascending, linear, crowded, cinnamon; stem 2-3 in. long, about 2 lines thick, flexuous, hollow. Coriinarius (Dermocyhe) croceo-conus, Fries, Monogr., ii, p. 67; Cke., Illustr., pL 780b? In pine woods, amongst moss, &c. Gregarious. Stature of Coriinarius (Tela.) ilioj^odius, but allied 10 C. croceus, of which it may be a variety. (Fries.) The figure given by Cooke does not agree with Fries' de- sciiption. The pileus is |-2 in. across, acutely umbonate, yellow with a tawny tinge; fctem I77 in. long, yellow, as is also the flesh, gills yellow then cinnamon. Gregarious subcaesjoitose. Equally allied to C. cinnamo- CORTINARIUS. 69 mens as C. maltcorius is, but difteriiig in an opposite direction. Differs more especially as follows. (1) stem hollow, elon- gated (3-0 in.) slender 2 (lines), flexuous. (2) Pileus conico- campanulate, per::>istently acute, for the most part almost glabrous, never squamulose, all one colour, tawny-cinnamon, flesh scarcely h line thick. (3) Gills remarkably ascending, linear, crowded, cinnamon. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Dermo.) uliginosus. Berk. Pileus 1^-1 in. across, campanulato-couical then expanded, strongly umbonate, silky, sometimes streaked, bright red- brown; flesh thin, except at the umbonate disc, yellowish- olive then cinnamon ; gills adnate, witli a decurrent tooth, 2-3 lines broad, j^ellow then olive, finally cinnamon ; stem 2-4 in. long, about 2 lines thick, flexuous, paler than the pileus, almost equal, imperfectly hollow; spores elliptical, 7 X 4-5 fji. Cortinarius (JDermocyhe) uliginosus, Berk., Outl., p. 191 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 261 ; Cke., lllustr., pL 851. In boggy woods amongst Spliagniun. Eeadily distinguished by the long, slender stem, and the bright red-brown, strongly umbonate pileus. Intermediate between C. croceus, of which it is probably a paludine variety, and C. croceo-conus ; diSering from both in colour. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Dermo.) orellanus. Fr. Pileus 1^2 in. across, flesh thickish at the disc, very thin at the margin, convex and obtusely umbonate, villo.sely scaly or fibrillose, golden-tawny, flesh reddish ; gills adnexed, 3 lines broad, rather distant, tawny-cinnamon, at length opaque; eteai 1^-2 in. long, 3 lines thick, almost equal, solid, firm, striately fibrillose, tawny; spores obliquely elliptical, 6-7 and 3-4 /x. Cortinarius (JDermocyhe) orellanus, Fries, Epicr., p. 288 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 262 ; Cke., lllustr., ^\. 787b. On the ground in woods. Closely allied to Cort. cinnamomeus, and ranging through the same shades of colour. It also occurs rarely with the pileus golden-tawny and the gills yellow then tawny. JJitfers from C cinnamomeus more especially in the following 70 FUNGUS-FLORA. points. (1) stem solid, firmer, striato-fibrillose, tawny as is also the Teil. (2) pileiis firmer, ground-colour tawny, the fibiillose down golden. (3) flesh reddish. (4) gills broader, firmer, and more distant. Sometimes confounded with C. cinnaharhuis, from which it differs in colour, and especially in the stem being coloured like the pileus, and not yellowish. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Dermo.) malicorius. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, convex then plane, obtuse, fibrillosely velvety, golden-tawny; flesh splitting, yellow then greenish-olive ; gills rounded behind, adnexed, crowded, golden-tawny, margin at length flocculose, discoloured ; stem about 2 in. long, ^ in. thick, fibrillose, and with the fibrils of the cortina, golden, hollow. Cortinarius ( Dermoajhe) malicorius, Fr., Epicr., p. 289 ; Fries, Hymn. Eur., p. 371. In pine woods. Elegant, allied to C. cinnamomeus ; taste pleasant. Funda- mental colour of pileus tawny, appearing to be darker at the disc ; beautiful golden, especially near the margin, from the down, stem -^ in. thick, at length fuscous or olive. Flesh yellow, then olive. (Fries.) Very similar to C. cinnamomeus, differs as follows. (1) stem always hollow; thicker (^ in.) short (2 in.), at first golden, then olive brown. (2) pileus truly fleshy, rather thick, almost plane, obtuse, disc dark brown shading off into tawny, margin golden. (3) flesh yellow then intense golden-olive. (A) gills rounded behind, much more crowded, 1 line broad, golden-tawny, edge becoming floccose and discoloured. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Dermo.) infucatus. Fr. Pileus 1^-2^ in. across, convex, obtuse, slightly silky when dry, bright yellow; fleshy at the disc, margin almost mem- branaceous ; gills adnate, slightly rounded behind, crowded, narrow, tawny, then cinnamon-colour ; stem 3-5 in. long, -i— ^ in. thick at the clavate base, attenuate upwards, fibril- lose, white tinged yellowish, solid ; spores elliptical, 10 x o fx. Cortinarius (Dermo.) infucatus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 309 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 262 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 781. On the ground in woods. CORTIXARIUS. 71 In colour the present species approaches C. pcrcomus and C. callisteus, bnt is readily known from either by the above characters. Flesh whitish. **** Becoming olivaceous. Veil cliugi/, pallid, or fuscous. Pileus not torn into scales. Cortinarius ( Dermo.; cotoneus. Fr. Pileus about 3 in. across, flesh thin, soft, pale olive, cam- l)anulate then exiDanded, obtuse, rather wavy, everywhere densely covered with a clear olive down or tomentum, fragile, when old ; gills adnate, sej^arating from the stem, rather crowded, 2-3 lines broad, olive then cinnamon, edge same colour and quite entire ; stem 3 in. long, h in. thick, soft, bulbous, somewhat fibrillose, pale olive, solid ; veil persistent, forming a brown interwoven zone near the apex of the stem ; spores elliiDtical, granular, 10-11 X 8 /x. Cortinarius (Dermocyhe) cotoneus, Fries, Epicr., p. 289 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 262 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 7-49. In woods. Very showy ; soft to the touch, olivaceous outside and inside ; opaque, pileus lax, 3 in. broad, covered with a pure olive-coloured, subpersistent down. Stem 3 in. long. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Dermo.j subnotatus. Fr. Pileus 3— i in. across, llesh thin, campanulate then ex- panded, at first clothed with hoary, floccose, superficial squamules, soon glabrous, olive then fuscous ; gills adnate, ventricose, broad, rather distant, yellowish then olivaceous- cinnamon; stem 3— i in. long, ^ in. thick, conical, sqnamulose with the yellowish fibrils of the veil, smooth and shining at the apex, stuti'ed and spongy inside ; spores elliptical, granular, 10 X o /x. Cortinarius (Dermocyhe^ suhnotatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 290 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 262 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 832 ? In beech woods, &c. A tall species; stem stout, fragile, 3-4 in. long, glabrous wdien adult. Pileus at first conical, acute, gibbous, pale, 4 in. broad ; peculiar in becoming quite plane, glabrous, and dark fuscous when adult and dry. Gills 3-5 lines broad, con- nected by veins, rather thick. (Fries.) 72 FUNGUS-FLORA. Cooke's figure differs in having tlie stem distinctly hollow from the first, flesh of pileusand stem liollow, and in possess- ino- a strono; smell. Very showy, lall hrit slender, inodorous. In the young state the stem is stuffed, conico-attenuated, 3— i in. long, often curved and wavy, fibrillose, sometimes squamulose, becoming pale, apex naked and silvery-shining; veil and fibrillae of stem yellowish ; pileus with the exception of the disc, almost membranaceous, at first conical or parabolic (appearing somewhat ovate from the incurved pileus), at first covered with silky fibrils, yellowish-olive, darker when dry ; gills adnate rather distant, and broad ; bright pale- ocbraceous. The adult fungus presents a very different appearance, and might readily be mistaken for a distinct species. Stem spongy, at length hollow, 4 in. long, equally attenuated from the base, veil not conspicuous ; pileus ex- panded, 4 in. across, glabrous, dark brown; gills 3-5 lines broad, cinnamon-olive. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Dermo.) raphanoides. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, campanulate then expanded, obtusely umbonate, often undulated, silkj-fibrillose, brownish-olive, discoloured when mature, becoming tawny and glabrous ; flesh pallid, almost the colour of the j^ileus ; gills adnate, slightly ventricose, scarcely croAvded, somewhat olive, at length cinnamon or subferruginous, edge paler; stem stuffed 2-3 in. long, equally attenuated upwards, rarely equal, fibrillose, opaque, becoming pallid ; veil filamentous, pale olive, spores somewhat pyriform, 8 x 5 fi. Cortinarius (Dermocijhe) raphanoides. Fries, Epicr., p. 290 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 263; Cke., lllustr., pi. 833a. In birch, beech, and beech woods, &c. Smell strong of radishes. Taste acrid. Stem sometimes elongated and twisted. (Fries.) Pileus 2 in. broad, when moist brownish-olive, when dry yellowish-olive, convex at first, then expanded. Gills broad, darker, adnate or emarginate. Stem 3 in. high, 4 lines thick, subascending, fibrillose, villous at the base. (Fries.) Cortinarius rDermo.) valgus. Fr. Pileus about 3 in. across, very thin, disc fleshy, fragile, at first convex, even, and pale olivaceous, then expanded, CORTIXAKIUS. 73 subumbonate, and yellowish-brown, becoming pale, somewhat brick-red when dry, glabrous ; the very thin flesh similar in colour; gills adnate, inclined to separate from the stem, rather distant, 2-3 lines broad, yellowish then cinnamon; stem 3-6 in. long, base bulbous, \ in. and more thick, attenu- ated Jiupwards, somewhat twisted, not librilluse, pallid, shining, the slightly striate apex tinged violet, imperfectly hollow. Cortinarius (Dermocyhe) valgus. Fries, Epicr,, p. 200 ; Cke., lldbk., p. 203 ; Cke., Illustr., pL 7oO ? Amongst moss in pine woods, &c. Intermediate between C. suhnotatus and C. suhlanatus ; differing from both in the smooth, not librillo-e stem. Smell none. Tl)e form (pi. 750) referred to this species, with some doubt, differs from the type in several particulars, and is perhaps a distinct variety. (Cooke.) Cooke's figures quoted above, are as follows : — Pileus about 3 in. across, convex then expanded, subgibbous, lurid ])ale yellowish-olive, more or less fibrillose ; flesh thick, whitish, stem about 3 in. long, 1 in. thick at the clavate base, attenu- ated upwards, coloured like the pileus or a little paler, trace of veil in the form of an indistinct zone, solid ; gills adnate, or very slight indication of a sinus behind, 2 lines broad, deep cinnamon at maturity. In woods. Cortinarius (Dermo.) venetus. Fr. Pileus lJ-2 in. across, fleshy, hemispherical, obtuse, regular, covered with a persistent, erect, minutely velvety tomentum, green when young, then greenish-yellow, becoming more of a yellow colour when dry, not hygro- phanous ; flesh pale yellowish ; gills adnate, connected by veins, somewhat distant, very broad, darker olive than the pileus; stem 2-3 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, equal, firm, convex, colour of the pileus or a little paler, greenish-yellow, remarkably silky-fibrillose, stuffed or hollow above; ring fibrillose, green; spores 10 x 5 /a. Cortinarius (Dermocyhe) venetus, Fries, Epicr., p. 291 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 833b ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 263. In woods. Gregarious; very distinct. Base of stem often downy 74 FUNGUS-FLORA. and yellow. The yellow down of the pileus separates it from C. depexus ; the colonr is sea-green or clear yellow-green, flesh greenish-yellow. Pileus obtusely umbonate. (Fries.) Suhfjen, IXOLOMA. ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES. * Gills white or pallid at first. ** Gills, Teil, and stem becoming violet. *** Gills and veil cinnamon, red, or ocliraceous. **** Gills and veil dusky, fuscous or olivaceous. Siihgen. INOLOMA. Gills at first ivliite or pallid. * Cortinarius (Ino.) argent atus. Krombh. Pileus 3-4 in. across, fleshy, convexo-plane, at length broadly gibbous, silky then almost glabrous, silvery- grey,, shining, pale whitish-brown near the margin, at first lilac and silky ; flesh whitish ; gills emarginate, crowded, serrulate, 3 lines broad, pallid then watery cinnamon ; stem 4 in. long, ^ in. and more thick, attenuated from the scarcely bulbous base, glabrous, silvery- white, base at length yellowish, solid, white within ; veil fibrillose, fugacious, pallid, adhering to the margin of the pileus ; spores 8 x 5 /x. Cortinarius air/entatus, Krombholtz, Icon., t. ii. f. 27; Cke., Hdbk., p. 250 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 745. In woods. Large, stout, inodorous, becoming pale; pileus sometimes flexuous. Smell rather strong, but not foetid. Var. pinetorum, Fries, Monogr., i. p. 46 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 746. Smaller ; stem 2 in. long, pileus 2 in. broad, at first lilac and silky ; odour weak. Cortinarius (Ino. ) opimus. Fr. Pileus 3-4 in. across, flesh very thickand very hard, white ; convex then plane, deformed, Avavy, margin broken, absolutely CORTINARIUS. 7o dry, everywhere covered with short, ochraeeous down, even, thin, truly rimoso-rivulose ; gills emargiuate, much narrower than the thickness of the flesh of the pileus, slightly crowded, whitish then tan-colour, crisped owing to the incurved pileus ; stem very short, about 1 in. long, nearly the same thickness, solid, very compact, base rootingv whitish. Cortinarius (Inoloma) opimus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 44 ; Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 359. On the ground. Solitarj^ Distinguished by the very short, thick stem, and the very thick, hard flesh cf the pileus. Var. fulvobrunneus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 45. Stem 1^ in. long, 1 in. thick, attenuated below, fibrillosely striate; pileus undulated, thinner (margin thin), glabrous, but rimoso-rivulose, tawny-brown ; gills very broad. The present variety has not, so far as I am aware, been observed in Britain. Cortinarius (Ino.) turgidus. Fr. Pileus 2-0 in. across, very fleshy and compact, convex then flattened, very obtuse, hoary, rarely sprinkled with shining atoms, silky near the margin when young, every- where glabrous and silvery shining Avhen adult ; flesh hard, white, not changing colour ; gills emarginate, crowded, 2 lines broad, quite entire, whitish then tan-colour; stem solid, stout, bulbous, base much swollen, spongy within, rigid and cartilaginous externally, elastic, silvery white, glabrous; but under a lens longitudinally fibrillose and cracked in a reticulate manner, surface often undulated; veil white, fibrillose, fugacious. Cortinarius (Inoloma) turgidus, Fr., Epicr., p. 278 ; Fries, H3^m. Eur., p. 360. In woods. Allied to C. argentafus, but known by the very obtuse pileus and the quite entire margin of the gills. ** GillSf stem, and veil hecoming violet. Continarius (Ino.) violaceus. Linn. Pileus truly fleshy, 3-6 in. across, convex then expanded, regular, obtuse, everywhere covered with persistent down. 76 FUXGUS-FLORA. and for the most part cracked into squamules, dark violet, sometimes purple-violet, mar|L!;in at first involute, flesh soft, deeper-coloured than -the pileus; gills somewhat adnate, firm, distant, connected by veins, broader than the flesh of the pileus, dark, ; almost blackish-violet then cinnamon- colour from the spores, but violet when the spores are fallen ; stem solid, stout, remarkably bulbous, 3-4 in. long, 1 in. thick, spongy, sofr, at first tomentose, then fibrillose, dark violet, inside greyish-violet; veil woolly, blue, then ferru- ginous from the falling spores; spores 12-14 X 9-10 /x. Corfinarius (Inoloma) violaceiis, Linn., Cke., Hdbk., p. 252 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 770. In woods. Easily distinguished from allied forms by being dark violet both outside and inside, the villoso-squamulose pileus, ■and distant gills. (Fries.) Large, handsome. Pileus 3-6 in. broad, obtuse, expanded. Gills, when young deep violet, almost black. Stem 4 in. high, wdien young subtomcntose. (Fries.) If attention be paid to tlie sporules and arachnoid veil, there will be no danger of confounding this with any of the varieties of A. j^ersoiiatus. (Berk.) Cortinarius (Ino.J cyanites. Fr. Pileus 3-5 in. across, fleshy, obtuse, silky, becoming ■smooth, pale sky-blue; gills adnexed, rounded behind, some- •what crowded, at first clear steel-blue ; stem 3-5 in. long, |— I in. thick at the apex, bulbous, smooth, sky-blue, con- taining a blood-red juice ; spores elliptical, 10 X 5-6 yu,. Cortinarius (Inoloma^ cyanites, Fries, Epicr., p. 279 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 252.' In woods. The stem gives out a blood-red juice when compressed. Pileus at length glabrous, livid-brownish. Flesh at first pale sky-blue, then dingy white, and often tinged red. Var. major. Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 361. Pileus and stem fleshy, tardily becoming reddish ; gills rather distant, dark bluish-grey. (Fries.) Cortinarius ( Ino.) muricinus. Fr. Pileus 3-4 in. across, fleshy, convex then exj)anded, obtuse, becoming smooth, violaceous then with a reddish tiuge, CORTINARirS. 77 margin wliitisli - fibrillose ; gills emarginate, somewhat crowded, purplish-violet, broad ; \ stem about 3 in. long, bulbous, attenuated upwards, about § in. thick at the apex,, villose, purplish-violet, flesh without juice ; veil white at first ; spores 8-9 X ■!-<'> />«.. Cortinarius (Inoloma) muricinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 279; Cke., Hdbk., p. 252 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 815. In larch-woods, &:c. Stem stout, somewhat woolly, pileus thick, spongy, 3-4 in. broad, gills h in. broad, at length reddish-liver colour, smell peculiar. Flesh juioeless, sky-blue then whitish. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Ino.) alboviolaceus. Fr. (figs. 7, 8, 12, p. IG.) Pileus 2-3 in. across, convex, broadly umbonate or gibbous, dry, prettily innately silky and even, the fibrils longi- tudinally adpressed, whitish-violet ; flesh watery, bright bluish-white ; gills adnate, scarcely emarginate, 2-3 Hues broad, not crowded, somewhat serrulate at the margin, colour a peculiar greyish-A'iolet, at length greyish-cinnamon ; stem 2 in. long, ^-1 in. thick, solid, firm, clavately bulbous, or conically attenuated, whitish-violet outside and inside, with white down, fibrillose above from the veil, and with a white ring-like zone at the middle of the stem; spores 12 X 5-6 /x. Cortinarius (^Inoloma) alboviolaceus, Fries, Epicr., p. 280 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 253 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 747. In beech woods, &c., amongst fallen leaves. Smell none, taste not remarkable ; stem somewhat conical and often perouately ringed. Flesh juicy, bluish-white. Cortinarius (Ino.) malachius. Fr. Pileus about 2 in. across, tiuly and equally fleshy, com- monly compact, convex then expanded, obtuse or slightly gibbous, pale lilac then rusty brown, pale tan when dr}', hoary from minute fasciculate down, or towards the margin silky; flesh whitish; gills emarginate, crowded, purple, becoming pale, at length watery ferruginous ; stem bulbous (when growing on rotten pine leaves very ventricose, or sometimes equal), always stout, 3-4 in. and more long, often 1 in. thick, frequently deformed, bluish-lilac then whitish,. 78 FUNGUS-FLOEA. solid but spongy witliin, soft, pallid ; veil at first somewliat peronate but commonly the stem is naked, apex delicately cortiuated, fibrils becomiug cinnamon-tinted from the spores, a white, membranaceous ring is rarely present ; spores 10-12 X 6-7 IX. Cortinarius (Inoloma) malacJiius, Tries, E23icr., p. 280; Cke., Hdbk., p. 253; Cke., Illustr., p)l. 756. In fir woods. Flesh of stom soft, pileus equally flesh, hoary with fas- ciculate down, at first similar to Cort. armeniacus^ but at length discoloured and hygrophanous. Inodorous. A perfect, membranaceous ring is sometimes present. (Fries.) Flesh of the stem soft, often contorted and ventricose, o— 4 in. long and 1 in. thick. Pileus 2 in. broad, lilac, then tawny ferruginous, or when dry of a brick-red, becoming pale, hoary with a whitish pubescence, or silky at the margin. Spores 10-12 x 6-7 yu,. (Cooke.) Cortinarius (Ino.) camphoratus. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, fleshy, convex then expanded, ■obtuse, at first silky and lilac-colour, then almost glabrous and wdiitish or yellowish, not hygrophanous; flesh blue; gills at first arcuate, commonly adnato-decurrent, but some- times emargiuate, thin, crowded, at first deep sky-blue then purplish ; stem 3-5 in. long, soft, bulbous or obclavate, J— 1 in. thick, woolly-peronate when young, violet inside and base white, solid ; cortina fibrillose, blue, at length cinnamon from the spores; spores ochraceous-cinnamon, elliptical, D X 6/x. Cortinarius (Inoloma) camplioratus. Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 50 ; €ke., Hdbk., p. 253; Cke., Illustr., pL 771. In pine woods, &c. This, and the two following ((7. Iiircinus and C. traganus), are distinguished from all others by their foetid and highly- penetrating odour. The smell of the present species is altogether peculiar, and quite different from the goat-like smell of C. hircinus. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Ino.) hircinus. Fr. Pileus about 2 in. across, fleshy, obtusely gibbous, silky, "vs'ith adpressed, violet fibrils, becoming pale, disc almost coriTixARius. 79 «:ltabrons, becoming ferruginous ; gills emarginate, rather distant, broad, margin entire, violet then cinnamon; stem bulbous, juiceless, cortinate, violet then pallid, base and inside yellowish. Cortinarius (I)wloma) hircinus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 3G2 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 253. In fir woods. Exceedingly foetid. Exactl}" intermediate between C. camphoraius and C. fra- Oanus. External colours and gills of the first ; internally and with the very foetid odour of the second. Diflers from C. campJioratus .'"'(1) goat-like odour ; (2) dingy flesh becoming yellowisli ; (3) base of stem yellow inside, disc of pileus becoming ferruginous : (4) the rather distant gills being sky-blue then cinnamon. Differs from C. traganus (1) gills at first violet, not ochraceous ; (2) flesh not ochra- ceous-saftron ; (3) gills thinner, quite entire. (Fries.) * * * Gills and veil cinnamon, red, or ochre. Cortinarius (Ino.) traganus. Fr. Pileus, about 3 in. across, very fleshy, convex then ex- panded, obtuse, dry, at first silky, even, purple-lilac, soon becoming pale, at length almost glabrous and yellowish, same colour inside ; gills emarginate, broad, distant, distinct, firm, saffron-ochraceous at length cinnamon, margin slightly crenate ; stem 3-5 in. long, ^-1 in. thick, base truly villose, very bulbous, 1-2 in. thick, at first silky then fibrillose, violet then whitish, inside deep saff'ron ochraceous ; veil con- tinuous with the silky covering of the pileus, pale violet, then cinnamon from the pip-shaped spores, 9-10 X 6 /x. Cortinarius (Inoloma) traganus, Fries, Cke., Hdbk., p. 253 ; ■Cke., Illustr., pi. 757. Agaricus traganus, Schaefier, t. 56. In pine woods, &c. Eeadily distinguished by the ver^^ foetid odour, and by the thick, distant gills being at first safl"ron-ochraceous. (Fries.) Var. finitimus, Weinm., p. 155. Pileus silky, at length smooth, lilac, as is also the stem, which is yellowish and mottled within, but not saffron- 80 FUNGUS-FLORA. colour nor "brown. Smell not at all that of the typical form, hut pleasant though peculiar, resembling that of gum just beginning to ferment. This peculiar form is the more interesting, as it has not been met with in Sweden. (B. & Br.) Cortinarius (Ino.) suillus. Fr. Pileus 3-4 in. across, flesh thick at the disc, elsewhere thin, convex, obtuse, dingy and pallid brick-red, slightly silky towards the margin, sometimes floccosely squamulose ; gills adnate, up to J in. broad, rather distant, cinnamon, opaque ; stem stout, spongy, 3-4 in. long, l-l in. thick, clavately-bulbous, attenuated upwards, dingy, pallid, darker when bruised ; apex with a transient violet shade, silky, even ; remainder fibrillose, and sometimes white and woolly below. Cortinarius {Inolomd) suillus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 51 ; Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 362. In pine woods. Gills fragile, connected by veins at the base. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Ino.) tophaceus. Fr. Pileus 3-4 in. across, fleshy, convex then expanded, obtuse, tawny-ocliraceous, villosely scaly, flesh Avhite; gills emar- ginate, distant, tawnj^-cinnamon, 3 lines broad; stem 2-3 in. long, swollen at the base and more than 1 in. thick, thinner upwards, villosely scaly, yellowish as is also the veil; sjDores elliptic-fusiform, 10 X o. Cortinarius {Inoloma) tophaceus, Fries, Epicr., p. 281 ; Cke,, Hdbk., p. 254; Cke., illustr., pi. 772. In beech woods, &<■. Subcaespitose. Solitary specimens are larger and resemble C. violaceus in habit, but differ in being entirely ochraceous.; when cae^pitose the specimens are more slender, stem often twisted. Smell not remarkable. (Fries.) Difiers from C. redemitus in the expanded very obtuse pileus. Cooke says the whole fungus is golden yellow. Cortinarius (Ino.) redemitus. Cooke. I'ileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thin, convex then expanded, at length broadly gibbous, golden-yellow, deepest and rather tawny at the disc, variegated with darker, adpressed fibril- CORTINARIUS. 81 lose sqiiamules; gills emarginate, rather distant, 3 lines ibroad, tawny-cinnamon; stem about 2 in. long, up to f in. across at the thickened base, fibrillosely striate, yellowish ; :fiesh like that of the pileus whitish ; veil whitish, forming a oinnamon, indistinct zone on the stem; spores elliptic- fusiform, 10 X o fjL. Cortinarius (Inoloma) redemitus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 25-i ; Cke., Illnstr., pi. 772. Cortinarius (^Inoloma) io^liaceuSy var. redemitus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 363. Im woods. Distinguished from C. iophaceus by the stem not being bulbous, but only slightly thickened at the base, and in not being villosely scaly. Cortinarius (Ino.) callisteus. Fr. Pileus about 2 in. across, fleshy, but thin at first, especially at the incurved margin, convex then expanded, scarcely' umbonate, almost glabrous, silky towards the margin, com- monly broken up into minute, innate squamules, tawny- yellow, not hygrophanous nor becoming pale ; flesh yellowish- white ; gills broadly adnate, grown to each other behind and to the stem with down, plane, rather distant, distinct, 4 lines broad, thin, quite entire, tawny-yellow ; stem 3-5 in. long, l in thick, more at the base, clavato-bulbous, equally attenuated upwards, distinctly fibrillose striate, rhubarb- colour without and within, firm, soft and spongy only at the base, solid. Cortinarius (^Inoloma) callisteus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 53; Oke., Hdbk., p. 254; Cke., lllustr., pis. 774 and 864. In pine woods. Smell none. Inodorous. Stem 3-4 in. long, attenuated from the soft clavate base, apex 3-4 lines thick, entirely fleshy, rhubarb- colour outside and inside. Pileus equally fleshy but thin, not hygrophanous, shining, 2 in. broad, margin arched and incurved, appendiculate at first with the fibrillose, similarly coloured veil. Gills at first rather crowded, then somewhat distant, oblong, plane, connected together at the base and to the stem by a flocculose substance. (Fries.) Pileus 4 in. broad, flesh}-, the margin thin, deep tawny inclining to ferruginous ; at first convex, flatly hemispherical VOL. JI. G 82 FUXGUS-FLOKA. or subcampaniilate, very obtuse, at leugtli expanded plano- convex clothed with very minute reflexed scales ; flesh whitish partaking very slightly of the colour of the pileus ; margin at first subinvolute. Gills f in. broad, brittle, undulate, nearly horizontal, adnate, soon starting from the stem and connected with it by a few fibres, very minutely emarginate, pale lawny clouded with the sporules. Stem 4 in. high, nearly 1 thick in the centre, 1;^- at the base, bulbous, fibrillose from the remains of the fugaceous veil which forms in the very young plant a slight extremely evanescent ring which is coloured by the sporules; solid, tawny like the pileus. At the base arc a few strong roots. There is not the slightest tinge of j^urple or violet in any stage of growth. (Berk.) Cortinarius (Ino.) Bulliardi. Fr. Pileus 1-3 in. across, campanulate then convex, rather gibbous, even or slightly squamulose, rufescent ; gills ad- nexed with a decurrent tooth, about 3 lines broad, purplish then ferruginous, edge crenulate, whitish; stem 2-3 in. long, ^ in. thick, bulbous, firm, with vermilion fibrils at the base, apex whitish, veil fugacious, whitish ; spores 8-10 X 6 /x. Cortinarius (Inolomci) Bulliardi, Fries, Epicr., p. 282 ; Cke.. Hdbk., p. 255; Cke., lllustr., pi. 758. In woods. Small but robust, strong scented. Pileus 2 in. bread, commonly glabrous, but sometimes entirely fibrillose. Flesh white, rufescent towards the base of the stem. There is a. form apjDroaching C. muricinus and C. caninus, having the stem violet above, reddish below, pileus rufous-violet, flesh bluish near the gills, gills crowded. (Fries.) Keadily known by the vermilion bulb. Cortinarius (Ino.) vinosus. Cooke. Pileus 2-3 in. across, semiglobose then expanded, at length flattened, vinous red, smooth, even, shining ; gills adnexed, venti icosc, scarcely crowded, about 2 lines broad, feri-ugiDous ciunamoii ; stem 2-3 in. long, ^ in thick, thickened abruptly iuto a margiuate, bulbous, reddish base, cylindrical, upper part pale violet, reddish below ; veil reddish ; spores almond- fchaped, granular, 16-18 X 8 /x. COKTINAKIUS. 83 Cortinarius (Inoloma) vinosus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 255; Cke., Illustr., pi. 759. Under trees. Distinguished by the vinous or pnrplish-red pilens and the distinctly marginate bulb of the stem. Cortinarius (Ino.) bolaris. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, rather fleshy, convex then plane, rather umbonate, margin sometimes upturned and splitting or flexuous, reddish- vellow, becoming pale, sprinkled with small, innate, pilose, adpressed, saffron-red squamules ; gills very slightly decurrent, crowded, soft, v/atery cinnamon ; stem 2-3 in. long, almost even, squamose, coloured like the pileus, stuffed then hollow, often flexuous ; spores elliptical, 10 X o fx. Cortinarius (Inoloma) holaris, Fries, Epicr., p. 282 ; Cke., Jllustr., pi. 760; Cke., Hdbk., p. 255. In beech woods, &c. Sometimes subcaespitose. Pileus 1-3 in. across, fleshy, convex then plane, obsoletely umbonate, yellowish-red or becoming pallid, glabrous, oi spotted with adpressed red scales (similar to the stem) rarely all red from the scales being contiguous; flesh very firm, white ; gills commonly decurrent, arcuate, sometimes adnate, or even emarginate, crowded, at first dilute then dusky cinnamon ; stem about 3 in. long, 4 lines thick, attenuated from the base, w^hitish-fibrillose above, becoming glabrous and pallid ; tomentose below, tomentum whitish or reddish, brownish within, solid, fibrous. (Fries.) **** Gills or veil dark, fuscous, or olive, Cortinarius (Ino.) pholideus. Fr. Pileus 2-4 in. across, conve-x, expanded, obtusely umbo- nate, flesh thin except at the centre, brownish, when dry fawn-coloured and densely covered with minute, erect, brown squamules ; gills rather distant, broad, emarginate, when young lilac then dingy cinnamon ; stem 3-4 in long, -J-| in. thick, thinner above, silky-fibrous, shining, with numerous dark brown transverse squamules below the ring, smooth above and tinged lilac; spores broadly elliptical, obliquely apiculate, 5x3* 5-4 /x. G 2 84 FUXGUS-FLOEA. Cortinarius (Inoloma) ijliolideus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 364; Cke., Illustr., t. 7G1 (pileiis too dark brown). In woods. Easily known by the sqnarrose stem and pilens, and the dingy cinnamon-coloured gills. The pileus has sometimes an olive tinge. Cortinarius (Ino.) sublanatus. Fr. Pileus 3-4 in. across, Hesh thin, whitish; campanulate then expanded, umbonate, fawn-colour then tan-colour with a fuscous tinge, at length rusty, ornamented with scattered, silky, innate, brownish squanuiles : gills adnate, broadest bbhind, scarcely crowded, 3 lines broad; yellowish-olive, at length cinnamon ; stem solid, 3 in. long, conically elongated, or clavately Imlbous, base up to 1 in. across, tomcntosely squamose with the brown fibrillose veil up to the middle, naked above and slightly tinged violet; spores almond- shaped, granular, 14— 16 X 8-9 /x. Odour of radivshes. Cortinarius (Inoloma) sublanatus. Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 55 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 256; Cke., Illustr., p. 762. Agaricus sublanatus, Sow., t. 224. In fir w^oods, &c. Intermediate between C. pholideus and C. valgus. Smell like that of radishes. Pileus 3 in. broad, at length broadly and obtusely umbonate, colour variable ; yellowish brown; scales brownish or white, sometimes silky adpressed. Gills adnate or emarginate. Stem 3 in. high, yellowish pallid, sometimes violet above. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Ino.) phrygianus. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, fleshy, convex, obtuse, honey-colour, densely covered with simple, black hispid fibrils ; gills rounded behind, rather crowded, dingy yellow; stem some- what bulbous, soft, paler than the pileus, whitish when dry, with black filaments formins: a lax network. Cortinarius (Inoloma) ])h-ijgianus. Fries, Epicr., p. 283 ; Cke., Ildbk., p. 256. In damp Ijcech woods, &c. Habit almost that of Armillaria mellea. Smell like radishes. Cortinarius (Ino.) arenatus. Fr. Pileus 2-3 iu. across, convex, gibbous at first, li":ht red CORTIXAEIUS. 85 then pale brown, graniilateil Avith floc.^ose scales ; flesh thin except at the disc; gills emarginate, ventricose, somewhat crowded, yellowish cinnamon ; stem about 3 in. long, -\ in. or more thick at the apex, incrassated downwards, clad with brown scales np to above the middle, apex smooth, paler than the rest ; spores obliquely elliptical, 7 X o /jl. Agaricus (Iitolona) areuatus. Fries, Epicr., p. 283 ; Cke., Ildbk., p. 256 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 763. In woods. Closely allied to C. plirijijianus, but in the latter the squamules of the ])ileus and stem are blackish, and the smell is strong, resembling radishes. Like the last-named, the present species has an olive tinge when young. Difficult to distinguish from a discoloured form of C. pholideiiSy but in the present species the gills are never violet. Cortinarius (Ino.) penicillatus. Fr. Pileus l-l^^ in. across, convex, obtusely umbonate, dry, densely floccoso-squamose, rusty -brown, the innate scales darker, tawny when dry ; flesh very thin, same colour ; gills separating from the stem, plane, rather crowded, 3 lines broad, obscure brown; stem 2-3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal, fragile, furnished with concentric, rusty-brown, ad- pressed squamules almost up to the apex, paler than the pileus, palest and adpressedly silk}- at the very apex, stuffed ; spores pip-shaped, minutely granular, 8-9 X o /*. Cortinarius (Inoloma) penicillatus^ Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 56 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 256; Cke., Illustr., pi. 764. In pine woods, &c. Placed here on account of the innately squamulose pileus and affinity with preceding species, but the size is quite that of the Dermocyhese. (Fries.) Suhgen. MYXACIUM. ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES. I COLLINITI. Stem floccosely sheathecl, flocci at first covered with gluten. S6 FUNGUS-FLOE A. ft Delibuti. Veil entirely viscid, hence the stem is not floccosely sheathed, but varnished when dry. * Gills whitish, then pale-tan. ** Gills at first violet, blue, or reddish. *** Gills at first ochraceons or cinnamon. COLLINITI. Cortinarius (Myx.) arvinaceus. Fr. Pileus 3-4 in. across, fleshy, soft, convex soon expanded, at length reflexed and nndulate, even, glabrous, viscid, shining when dry, golden-tawny or reddish-tan, when vigorous the margin is slightly striate ; gills adnato-decur- rent, very broad, ^-| in., smooth at the sides, rather distant, margin crenulate, at first straw-colour, then clear ochraceous ; stem solid, 5-8 in. high, h in. thick, equal, silky- viscid, never broken up into squamules, white; veil fibrillose and fugacious ; spores bright ochraceous. Cortinarius {J\Iijxacium') arvinaceus. Fries, Epicr., p. 274; Cke., Hdbk., p. 248 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 737. In beech woods, &c. Stem a span high or sometimes shorter, J in. thick, pileus 3-4 in. broad, golden-tawny, viscid, not scaly nor glutinous, obtuse ; gills up to f in. broad, crenulate, rather distant ; veil not forming a ring. (Fries.) Cortinarius TMyx.) collinitus. Fr. Pileus 3-5 in. across, fleshy except the margin, convex with the margin incurved, then expanded, obtuse, even, glutinous, shining, tawny-orange ; gills adnate, 3-6 lines broad, tan-colour or greyish then cinnamon; stem 3-5 in. long, up to 1 in. thick, firm, cylindrical, transversely scaly from the breaking up of the floccose, glutinous veil ; spores 12 X 6 /x. Cortinarius (Mi/xacium) collinitus, Fries, E^oicr., p. 274 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 248 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 738. COKTINAEIUS. 87 In woods, amongst heather, &c. Stem sometimes bluish, sometimes white, soft, evidently cortinate at first. Pileiis golden- tawny, with a persiistent, similarly-coloured gluten, shining when dry. There are several forms : (h) pileus wavy, stem brownish ; (c) small, pileus pale yellow or straw-colour, stem with concentric yellow scales, gills white ; (d) very small, pileus bay-brown, stem scarcely 1 in. long. (Fries.) Var. mucosus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 355; Cke., Hdbk., p. 249; Cke., Illustr., t. 739. Firmer, stem even, silky, usually white, sometimes tinged with blue, 2-3 in. long, ^-1 in. thick ; pileus 2— i in. across ; gills whitish then ferruginous, 3-6 lines broad. In pine woods, &c. Cortinarius (Myx.) mucifluus. Fr. Pileus 1^-3 in. across, rather fleshy, campanulate then ex- panded, tawny, margin striate, yellowish, covered with evanescent, hyaline mucus ; stem 2-3 in. long, 4 lines thick at the apex, becoming slightly thinner downwards, soft, viscid from the fugacious floccosely scaly veil, smooth and whitish above the veil ; gills adnate, distinct, pale tan-colour then watery cinnamon; spores granular, 12 x 7 /x. Cortinarius (M]jxaciiuiii) mucifluus, Fries, Epicr., p. 274; Cke., Hdbk., p. 249 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 740. On the ground. Abundant in sandy, heathy j^ine-woods. Allied to (7. collinitus, of which it was for a long time considered a variety; differs more especially as follows: (1) stem spongy, attenuated downwards, white ; (2) pileus thinnei-, campanulate then expanded, at length reflexed and wav}', the membranaceous margin striate; (3) colour of pileus livid tan, tan-colour and opaque when dry; (4) gluten of the pileus thin, hyaline, diffluent, not forming a thick, per- sistent, bright pellicle ; (5) odour sweet. Gills tan-colour then cinnamon. There is no trace of violet in any part of the fungus. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Myx.) elatior. Fr. Pileus 3-4 in. across, disc rather fleshy, cylindrical or bullate then campanulate, at length expanded and somewhat reflexed, disc just over the stem obtuse and even, the rest v.p £8 rUXGUS-FLORA. to the margin almost membranaceous and longituclinally pHcato-rugose, fragile, rather viscid, iisiially livid-yellow Avhen moist, dingy ochraceons when dry ; gills adnate, at first about 3 lines broad, becoming mucli broader, up to 1 in., rather distant, connected by veins, rugose at the sides, always dark, brownish-cinnamon; stem solid, soft, 5-7 in. long, 1 in. and more thick, commonly attenuate at both ends, e"specially the base, longitudinally fibrous, with broken- up, whitish, viscid scales, rarely tinged violet; veil viscid, fugacious ; spores 12 x G /x. Cortinarius (JMijxaciuDi) elatior, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 37; Cke., Hdbk., p. 249 ; Cke, Illiistr., pis. 741 and 742. In woods, especially pine. Large, remarkable for the thin flesh of the pileus ; colour livid bay, ochraceous, or tan, but sometimes also blackish-bay, brownish-violet, greyish with the margin violet, whitish, &c. Gills always dark, also violet-brown ; stem white, sometimes violaceous, concentrically squamulose and silky. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Myx.) grallipes. Fr. Pileus about 3 in. across, almost membranaceous except at the disc, umbo prominent often acute, campanulate then expanded, hygrophanus, even, rather viscid (not glutinous), ferruginous when moist, ochraceous-tan when dry, opaque; gills entirely adnate, with a decurrent tooth, plane, attenu- ated in front, crowded, sides smooth (not veined), tan- colour then feri*uginous ; stem 4-6 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, everywhere equal but flexuous, tough, fibroso-striate, viscid, tawny-yellow, ochraceous when dry, apex naked, stuffed,, then hollow. Cortinarius (JMyxaciimi) grallijpes, Fries, Epicr., p. 375; Cke., Hdbk., p. 249 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 734. In mixed woods. AVith the habit of Cort. hinmileus, but viscid, not lacerated. Gills up to J in., broad behind. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Myx/) livido-ochraceus. Berk. Pileus 1-1 i in. across, almost membranaceous, convex then plane, viscid, margin not striate, ochraceous; gills rounded behind and slightly adnexed, broad in front, pale then cinna- mon ; stem about 1 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, attenuated at CORTINARIUS. 89 "botli ends, whitish, striate above the evanescent veil, stuffed with cottony fibres; spores 8-10 X 5-7, /x, rough. Cortinarius (Mi/x-aciinn) livldo-ochraceons, Berk., Out!., p. 187; Cke., Hdbk., p. 250; Cke., Illustr., pi. 7o7. In woods. Small, pileus about 1 in. broad, spores 8-10 x 5-7 /x, rough in the original specimens in Berkeley's Herbarium, The large size given in some books for the spores of this species must be an error. (Cooke.) Pileus 1 in. broad, quite smooth, shining, covered with a thick subcartilaginous skin, the margin very thin but not striate, plane, livid-ochraceous ; edge with a few indistinct fragments of the veil. Gills cinnamon, the extreme margin l)ale, moderately distant, broad in front, appearing as if adnexed, but the tooth does not properly belong to the gills, but to the stem, and is a small lAntQ inserted between the two laminae of the gills. Sporules elliptic. Stem 1 in., high, f in. thick in the middle where it is swollen, attenuated below, silky, of a beautiful violet, ochraceous at the base ; subsquamoso, the portion above the obsolete ring striate, stuffed with cottony fibres. Inodorous ; taste like that of A. campestris. (Berk.) DELIBUTI. * Gills whitish, then pale tan. Cortinarius (Myx.) nitidus. Fr. Pileus 2—5 in. across, truly fleshy, convex then expanded, gibbous or almost obtuse, glabrous, glutinous, honey-coloured tan, at length whitish, disc tan-colour, when dry the pellicle is often cracked in streaks ; flesh, as also that of the stem, compact, white; gills truly decurrent in every stage of growth, at first arcuate, crowded, narrow, about 2 lines broad, quite entire, at first whitish, soon tan-colour, at length watery cinnamon ; stem stuffed, soft inside, or sometimes hollow, base clavate, 2-4 in. long, h in. and more thick, often curved, tough, elastic, even, fibrillose and pallid- white when young, then naked and yellowish ; viscid when growing, dry in dry weather, apex at first meal}- with white powder; 90 FUNGUS-FLORA. veil slightly fibrillose, fugacious ; spores broadly pip-shaped, 10-12 xS fx. Cortinarius {Myxaciuiii) nitidus, Fries, Epicr., p. 375 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 378 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1191. In beech woods, &c. Subcaespitose. Stem tough, not bulbous ; pileus sometimes white. ** Gills at first violet, blue, or reddish, Cortinarius (Myx.) delibutus. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across; flesh thin especially towards the margin, convex then expanded obtuse, at length more or less depressed, yellowish, covered with viscid hyaline gluten, silky-fibrillose after the gluten has disappeared ; gills adnate, becoming rounded or slightly emarginate behind, somewhat distant, 2-3 lines broad, margin pale, serrulate, often crisped, at first blue or bluish-violet, then cinnamon-tan; stem stuffed or hollow above, slightly and equally attenuated upwards from the small sub-bulbous base, 2-4 in. long, 3—4 lines thick, elastic, viscid u]3 to the scanty, fibrillose fugacious cortina; even, glabrous, shining and yellowish- white when dry, apex snow-white ; spores elliptical, 8x4jLt. Cortinarius (Myxaciimi) delibutus. Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 41 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 250 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 743. In grassy places. Small, soft, white within. Gills broad, plane, obsoletely emarginate, with a decurrent tooth. Var. elegans. Pileus and stem quite glabrous, yellow, viscid, shining when dry ; flesh yellowish-white, gills pale, crowded. Cortinarius (Myx.) salor. Fr. Pileus about 2 in. across, obtusely conic or parabolic when young, soon campanulate and at length expanded with a broad umbo formed from the fleshy disc, very thin towards the margin, small in proportion to the stem, grey, bright violet towards the inflexed margin, at length all one colour, even, glabrous, slightly viscid, fibrillose about the margin when (hy ; flesh contiguous, white, then yellowish ; gills adnate, distant, distinct, 2-3 lines broad, quite entire, at first CORTINARIUS. 91 pale grey, edge greyish-violet, greyisli-tan or cinnamon Avhen adult; stem l|-3 in. long, conically attenuated from the bulbous base, base 1 in., apex h in. thick, white outside and inside, but when young glutinous and bluish from the viscid veil, solid; spores pip-shaped, 8-10 x 6 /x. Cortinarius (Myxachim) salor. Fries, Epicr., p. 276 ; Monogr., ii. p. 40 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 250 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 708. In woods, &c. Cortinarius (Myx.) illibatus. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, campanulate then convex, at length plane, subumbonate, with a viscid pellicle, even, glabrous, yellow, disc darker ; flesh white, very thin at the margin ; gills adnato-decurrent, arcuate, 2 lines or more broad, thin, crowded, margin quite entire, flesh-colour then tan, at length cinnamon from the spores ; stem stufi"ed, soon hollow, 3 in. long, 2 lines or more thick, slightly attenuated upwards, glabrous, viscid, white, generally with reddish spots above ; veil superior, fibrillose, very fugacious ; spores granular, 15-16 X 6-7 II. Cortinarius (MyxaciuDi) illibatus. Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 42 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 250. In pine woods, &c. Much smaller and more slender than C. delihutus ; without a trace of violet colour. (Fries.) *** Gills at first ochraceous or cinnamon, Cortinarius (Myx.) stillatitius. Fr. (figs. 3, 4, p. 16.) Pileus lJ-2 in. across, slightly fleshy, flesh soft, watery, hygrophanous, convex then plane, subumbonate, even, glabrous, covered at first, like the contiguous part of the stem with clear blue gluten, when the gluten disappears, livid fuscous, then greyish- white ; gills emarginate, scarcely crowded, often distant, 3 lines broad, dark cinnamon; stem hollow, very soft, 2-3 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, equally attenuated, covered with blue gluten at the apex ; spores 8 X 4 /x. Cortinarius (JSTyxacium^ stillatitius, Fries, Epicr., p. 277; Cke., Hdbk., p. 251 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 831. 92 FUXGUS-FLORA. Amongst moss in pastures, &g. Somewhat resembling C. elatior, but smaller, and the veil not floccose. Cortinarius (Myx.) vibratilis. Fr. Pileus about 2 Hn. across, disc fleshy, remainder thin, convex then plane, obtuse, even, glabrous, ver^' glutinous, yellow, golden and very shining in dry weather : flesh pallid ; gills rounded or emarginate, w^ith a decurrent tooth, crowded, thin, pallid then clear ochraceous-cinnamon ; stem stuffed or solid, conically attentuated or ventricose (amongst moss elongated, equal, fiexuous), fragile, not elastic, whitish, often with a median glutinous ring ; spores S x 5 fi. Cortinarius {Myxacium) vibratilif<, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 43 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 251 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 744. In woods. Habit of C. armeniacus and G. causticiis, but differing from both in the glutinous veil, snow-wdiite stem, not rigid outside, and brighter colour. Smell not unpleasant, but taste very acrid. Pileus often becoming pale, sometimes whitish. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Myx.) pluvius. Fr. Pileus -^-1 in. across, slightly fleshy, flesh thin, coloured like the pileus, at first subglobose, then convex, commonly gibbous, when adult and moist pellucidly-striate, hygro- phanous, viscid in rainy weather, shining, yellowish-tawny, ochraceoiTS-tan and opaque when dry ; when quite young silky near the margin from the wdiite veil ; gills adnexed, seceding, ventricose, crowded, yellowish or at first whitish, then ochraceous ; stem at first stufted, then hollow, soft, more or less elongated up to 3 in., equal or slightly attenuated upwards, 2-3 lines thick, even, naked, or with whiter, silky spots, obsoletely viscid ; veil fibrillose, involved in mucus, very fugacious, spores granular, 10 X 8 /x. Cortinarius (^Myxacium) ^}lumus^ Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 43 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 251 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 769. In pine woods, &c. Allied to C. vibratilis, but smaller and more slender. Taste at first watery then acrid and pungent. (Fries.) o CORTIXAEIUS. 9 Suhgen. PHLEGMACIUM. ANALYSIS OF TEE SPECIES. I Cliduchii. Partial veil superior, pendulous as an imperfect ring from the top of the clavate or subequal stem. * Gills pallid then tan-colour. ** Gills violet or purplish then cinnamon. *** Gills yellow then cinnamon or ferruginous (not whitish with a violet tinge at first). **** Gills olivaceous. ft SCAURI. Bulb of stem depressed or turbinate, marginate. Stem fleshy, fibrous, veil usually inferior on the stem, arising from the margin of the bulb. Pileus equally fleshy. Gills some- what sinuate. * Gills whitish then tan-colour or pale cinnamon. ** Gills violet, blue, or purplish, at length cinnamon. *** Gills ferruginous, tawny, or yellow. **** Gills olivaceous. fll Elastici. Veil simple, thin, fugacious, median or inferior. Stem rather slender, never marginately bulbous nor peronate, but rigidly elastic, externally cartilaginous, polished and shining, apex naked, often becoming hollow ; pileus thin, often hygrophanous. * Gills whitish then tan-colour or dingy cinnamon. ** Gills violet, purplish, or flesh-colour. *** Gills pure ochraceous, tawnj-, or ferruginous. 94 FUXGUS-FLOEA. t CLIDUCHII. * Gills pallid then tan-colour, Cortinarius (Phleg.) triumphans. Fr. Pileus 3-5 in. broad, fleshy, convex then expanded, viscid, even, at first spotted with minute, adpressed, dusky sqnanmles that soon disaj)pear, yellow; gills emarginate, crowded, quite entire at the margin, 3 lines broad, pallid then tan- colour, stem 3-6 in. long, up to ^ in. thick, clavate, furnished downwards with several concentric, squamulose, tawny ring- like zones, whitish, solid ; veil superior, fugacious or some- times interwoven to form an imperfect ring ; spores ellipti- cal, 12-1-i X 0-6 IX. Cortinarius triumphans, Fries, Ejiicr., p. 256 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 236 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 602. Cortinarius suhlanatus, Hussey, 11, t. 22. In woods under birch, &c. Large, beautiful, the remains of the veil on the stem resembling a triumphal column, hence the name. There are two forms, the larger in humid woods; stem solid, firm, attenuated upwards from the ovate bulbous base, 3-5 in. long, i in. and more thick, striate yellowish-white, tawny squamules are arranged in many circles (or rings) at intervals on the stem (and readily separable), partial veil superior, interwoven, forming a more or less complete ring. Pileus fleshy, not very thick, convexo-plane, obtuse, regular, 3-5 in. broad, viscid when moist and yellowish-tan or ochraceous, yellow when dry ; the disk variegated with spot- like squamules or altogether naked. Margin even, not incurved. Flesh of pileus and stem compact, white. Gills emarginate, crowded, 3 lines broad, with a decurrent tooth, and terminating in a contiguous white, mealy zone, densely veined at the sides, plane, white, or very slightly tinted with grey, at length clay colour or almost cinnamon. Small form in dry birch, heathery woods, amongst heaps of leaves. Stem 3-4 in. long, up to 1 in. thick, often curved and rather root- ing, variegated below with many concentric rings of yellow squamules, naked above; resembling P. radicosa. Ring superior, entire, but thin and deciduous, humid and fl03C0se CORTINARIUS. 95 towards the margin. Pileiis smaller, more compact ; golden- yellow or golden. Gills at first greyish- white. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Phleg.) claricolor. Fr. Pileiis 3-5 in. broad, everywhere fleshy, convex then expanded, at length depressed, at first everywhere, soon towards the margin only, silky-villose, then entirely glabrons, even, for the most part cracked into minute scales, yellow, unchangeable ; gills variable in attachment, adnate, emar- ginate, or free, crowded, at first white, (or in some forms, greyish), then clay-colour, margin unequal ; stem 3 in. long, -J- in. and more thick, solid, firm, white, up to the superior ring with white floccose squamules covered with loose tomentum, above the ring powdered with white meal, the squamules and ring disappear with age, stem sometimes short and bulbous, sometimes elongated, conico-attenuate, or equal ; flesh of pileus and stem white ; spores obliquely pip-shaped, 11-12 X 6-7 /x. Cortinarius claricolor, Fries, Epicr., p. 257 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 237 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 693. On the ground amongst birch, heather, Sec. Yery variable, but always robust and compact. Inter- mediate between C. triumjphans and C. turmalis ; remarkable for the compact and rimosely-squamulose pileus. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Phleg.) turmalis. Fr. Pileus 2-4 in. across, compact, flesh white, convex then, plane, very obtuse, even, smooth (or sometimes indistinctly piloso-virgate), covered when young with white, fugacious- down, soon naked, viscid, dingy yellowish-tan, disc usually darker, not changing colour; gills variously attached, rounded, emarginate, or even with a decurrent tooth, rather broad, crowded, white, then yellow-tan ; stem variable in length, sometimes 3 in., at others 6 in. long, up to 1 in. thick, very hard, rigid, cylindrical, sometimes attenuated at the base, white when dry, when young with white down, naked when mature, solid ; spores, 8-9 x 5 /x. Cortinarius (PJilegmacium) turmalis. Fries, Epicr., p. 257 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 237; Cke., Illustr., pi. 694. On the ground. Usually growing in dense clusters, espe- cially amongst heaps of beech leaves. Gills never tinged with blue. 96 FUNGUS-FLORA. The mealy, floccose coveriDg of the pilous in 0. caperatus {not British), C. triumplians, C. claricolor, and C. turmalis, is due to the presence of a universal veil ; in the first named the stem is annulate, otherwise naked ; in the second with concentric rings of tawny squamules ; in the third woolly with white squamules; in the present at first with white 'woolliness, soon naked. (Fries.) Cortinarius TPhleg.) crassus. Fr. Pileus 3-5 in. across, flesh very thick, soft, pallid, convex then expanded and somewhat depressed, dingy yellow or din fry tawny-yellow, disc glabrous, the remainder strigose with innate fibrils, opaque, the disc only slightly viscid at first ; gills rounded behind, adnexed, rather narrow, crowded, quite entire, pallid, then pale dingy tan-colour; stem 3-4 in. long, 1 in. and more thick at the incrassated base, fibrillose, whitish, apex with white meal, solid ; spores rough, almond- shaped, 15 X 7 /z. Cortinarius (PJilegmacium) crassus, Fries, Epicr., p. 257; €ke., Ildbk., p. 237 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 695. In moist woods. Cortinarius (Phleg.) balteatus. Fr. Pileus 3— i in. across, compact, flattened, very obtuse, com- monly depressed at the disc and often unequal, at first viscid, shining when dry, innately floccose, fibrillose and shining near the margin ; disc smoky-tawny or bay, pretty violet or lilac near the margin ; but this colour often disap- pears wdth age or when dry; gills distinctly emarginate, broad in front, rather crowded, quite entire, at first pallid, then somewhat tan-colour (nankin) ; stem solid, stout, very compact, sometimes equal, sometimes ovately bulbous, IJ- 2 in. long, more than 1 in. thick, rarely longer, very minutely velvety and dingy above the fibrillose, adpressed, rusty veil, but in some specimens tomentose and white. Cortinarius (Pldegmaciuin) balteatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 7 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 237 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 696. In mixed woods. The size, cuticle of pileus soon becoming flocculose, margin villose and violet distinguish this species from its allies ; the gills are sometimes rounded behind, and tan-colour; or sub- decurrent, very narrow, and whitish. (Fries.) CORTIXARIUS. 97 Cortinarius (Phleg.) sebaceus. Fr. Pileus 2^-5 in. across, flesh thin, equal, white, almost plane, often veiy much waved, viscid, colour of suet, becoming pale, glabrous, but at first sprinkled with white meal; gills emarginate, not crowded, connected by veins, 4 lines broad, tan-colour, paler at the sides ; stem solid, stout, compact, never bullDOUS, often twisted and compressed, 3— i in. long, sparingly fibrillose, pallid- white ; spores pip-shaped, 9 X 7 /x. Cortinarius {Flileqmacium) sebaceus. Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 7 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 238; Cke., Illustr., pi. 697. In mixed woods. Distinguished from C. halteatus by the general habit, paler colour, and slender, fugacious veil. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Phleg.) lustratus. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, equally fleshy, convex then expanded, very obtuse, viscid, even, glabrous, ^^allid, becoming whitish when dry; flesh rather thick, white ; gills rounded behind, almost free, very crowded, narrow, slightly discoloured ; stem 1-2 in. long, 4-5 lines thick, equal, rarely attenuated at the base, glabrous except from a few fibrils of the veil, whitish, soft and spongy inside ; spores ochraceous. Cortinarius (Phleg.^ lustratus. Fries, Ej)icr., p. 258 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 238 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 799. Amongst grass in sunny places. Superficially resembling Entoloma p-unuloides, but with, ochraceous spores. Veil fibrillose, white, stretched from the margin of the pileus to the stem. ** Gills violet or purplish, then cinnamon. Cortinarius (Phleg.) varius. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, hemispherical then expanded, very obtuse, regular, rather viscid, even, glabrous, clear tawny- ferruginous, margin thin, at first incurved, with fragments of the veil attached ; flesh firm, white ; gills emarginate, thin, rather crowded, at first narrow and purplish-violet, then broader and ochraceous-cinnamon, always entire ; stem bulbous but not in the least marginate, compact, 1J-2J in. long, 1 in. and more thick, white, adpressedly flocculose, the superior veil pendulous. VOL. II. H 98 FUNGL'S-FLOKA. Cort'inarius (Plilegmac{in)i) varius, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 8 ; Cke., Hclbk., p. 238: Cke., lllustr., pi. 698. Agaricus varius, Schaeff., t, 9. In woods. The stem is sometimes taller and almost equal, pileus tawny-yellow, <;ills blue. Very variable in size, but nearly constant in colour. Differs from the two last (A. glaucojpus and G. callochrous) in never having- a blue tint on the stem. Gills, when young, pale (purj^lish, the margin yellow, Schseff.), at length dilute, of a clay colour inclining to cinnamon. Stem short or elongated, marginato-bulbous or nearly equal, even or scaly. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Phleg. ) cyanopus. Fr. Pileus 2— o in. across, flesh thick, hemispherical then ex- panded, even, viscid, margin thin, glabrous, livid-bay or dingy tawny-brown ; gills adnate then adnexed and emar- ginate, broad, rather crowded, violet, becoming paler ; btem about 2 in. long, violet then whitish, naked above the superior, thin veil, 1 in. or more thick, bulb depressed, oblique. Cortinarius (Plilegmaciurri) cyanopus. Fries, Fpicr., p. 258 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 238 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 699. In woods. Flesh of pileus not tinged violet, but dirty at first ; flesh of stem faintly variegated with violet upwards. Bulb large, spongy, depressed, often oblique, more or less rhomboid but not marginate. Pileus livid-bay then tan-colour. Gills in the same cluster var^^ng from intense violet to almost white. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Phleg.) variicolor. Fr. Pileus 4-5 in. across, flesh thick at the centre, thin towards the margin, convex then expanded and discoid, viscid, red- dish-ljay, the tomentose margin violet ; gills slightly emar- ginate with a decurrent tooth, somewhat arcuate, crowded, bluish-tan then cinnamon ; stem 4-5 in. long, 1 in. or more thick, base bulbous, diffused upwards into the pileus, at first downy, blue then whitish, solid, flesh coloured like the outside; spores 9-10 x 5 /x. Cortinarius (Phlegmacium) variicolor, Fries, Epicr., p. 259 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 239; Cke., lllustr., ph 700. CORTINARIUS. 99 In pine woods, &c. Very hard, compact, sweet ; stem solid, much expanded into the pileus ; colour at first bay (rarely entirely covered with violet down), then reddish. (Fries.) Var. nemorensis, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 339 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 239 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 863. Pileus 3-4 in. across, yellowish -baj^ bluish at first near the margin, compact, at first smooth, viscid, soon dry, opaque, pilosely rivulose. stem 3 in. long, clavate, hollow and mealy at the apex, gills rounded behind and rather decurrent. Cortinarius (Phleg.) largus. Fr. Pileus 4:-Q in. across, fleshy especially at the disc, margin thin, convex then flattened, very obtuse, tan-colour or tawny brick-red, slightly viscid, adpressedly silky-fibrillose when dry, rivuloso-squamulose towards the margin, as a rule, sometimes squamulose ; when young the pileus is sometimes violet, and also violet at the margin when mature; gills sometimes adnate, sometimes emarginate, crowded, up to ^ in. broad, greyish-tan then cinnamon; stem solid, some- times short, slightly bulbous, 2h in. long, usually elongated, 4-5 in. long, 1 in. or more thick, equal, often curved or ascending, fibrillose everywhere, superior veil pendulous, above which the stem is pruinose, white tinged violet, some- times red w^hen bruised, flesh of the stem entirelj^ fibrillose, firm, greyish-white, becoming whitish when exposed to the air, flesh of pileus similar; spores 12-14 x 7 //. Cortinarius (Phlegmaciwni) largus. Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 10; Cke., Hdbk., p. 239 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 701. In woods, &c. Subcaespitose, large. Cortinarius (Phleg.) riederi. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh watery, thin except at the disc, €ampanulate then expanded, even, glutinous, ochraceous, ishining when dry; gills adnate, rather thick, margin irregular, lilac then cinnamon ; stem 3-4 in. long, f in. thick at the base, clavate, lilac, silky-fibrillose; spores elliptical, smooth, 12 X 5 /x. Cortinarius (Phlegmaciuni) riederi. Fries, Epicr., p. 259 ; €ke., Hdbk., p. 239 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 702. H 2 100 FUNGUS-FLORA. In pine woods. Stem 4-5 in. long, with tawny fibrils. Pileus 3 in. broad, obtusely nmbonate, glutinous when moist, obsoletely virgate,. ochraceous. Appears to be allied to the Myxackim group. (Flies.) *** Gills yellow J then cinnamon or ferruginous. Cortinarius (Phleg.) saginus. Fr. Pileus 4-5 in. across, fleshy, plano-convex, irregular, wavy, viscid, yellow ; flesh soft, white ; gills truly decurrent, 4-5 lines broad, narrowed at both ends, dingy then pale cinnamon, margin irregular; stem solid, 3 in. long, 1 in. and more thick, somewhat bulbous, fibrillose, yellowish, apex naked; veil fibrillose, fugacious, not very conspicuous. Cortinarius [Plilegmacium) saginus, Fries, Epicr., p. 260 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 240 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 703. In pine woods, Szc. Allied to Cort. latus, difiering in the fugacious ring and yellow pileus. Gregarious, subcaespitose, large. Cortinarius (Phleg.) russus. Fr. Pileus 3-4 in. across, fleshy, convex then almost plane, coppery-rufous, viscid, innately silky-fibrillose near the margin ; gills adnate, crowded, about 3 lines broad, rusty- rufous, connected by veins; stem about 3 in. high and nearly 1 in. thick at the base, thinner upwards, adpressedly fibrillose, pallid; veil fugacious; spores elliptical, 8-10 X 5 /x. Cortinarius (Plilegmacium) russus, Fries, Epicr., p. 261 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 240 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 751. In moist woods. Habit of Cort. rufo-olivaceus. Stem somewhat ascending, oblique, not tinged with violet, nor bulbous. Pileus not repand, but often excentric, 4 in. broad, coppery-rufous. Flesh soft, watery, then reddish-white. Taste not acrid, but very nauseous. (Fries.) Readily distinguished by the coppery-rufous colour of the pileus; bitter, nauseous taste; and the flesh-tinged, soft flesh. Stem stuffed then hollow, 3 in. long, scarcely 1 in. thick, attenuated upwards, but not bulbous; often curved CORTINARIUS. 101 and ascending, soft, adpressedly fibrillose, pallid-wliite, apex very sliglitly pruinose. Cortina thin, fugacious. Pilens fleshy, convex then expanded, obtuse, 4 in. broad, viscid, disc glabrous, innately fibrillose near the margin, every- where rufous ; gills obtusely adnate, (hardly rounded) 4-5 lines broad, crowded, connected by veins, rusty-rufous. Affinities difficult to indicate. (Fries.) **** Gills olivaceous. Cortinarius (Phleg.) infractus. Fr. Pileus about 3 in. across, fleshy, convex then expanded, oblique, viscid, everywhere glabrous, olive then yellowish, opaque, having a brownish ridge near the margin, which is at first broken, then revolute and wavy ; flesh watery, hardly blue ; gills rounded behind, adnexed, crowded, up to 4 lines broad, soft, transversely veined, colour very dark olive- umber ; stem solid, 3 in. long, robust, ovately bulbous, adpressedly fibrillose, soft, olive becoming pale ; spores pip- shaped, 10 X 8 /x. Cortinarius (^Phlegmacium) infractus, Fries, Epicr., p. 261 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 240 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 704. In beech woods, &c. Robust. Stem brownish-olive, apex smoky, rarely tinged violet. Pileus at first equal, opaque, lurid olive, then yel- lowish ; at length with a brown zone near the margin ; flesh dingy then whitish. Gills quite entire, scarcely crisped, undulated. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Phleg.) anfractus. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, equally fleshy, but the thin, broken margin usually very irregular, even, glabrous, dark olive then tawny soot-colour ; flesh whitish, with a tinge of violet near the apex of the stem ; gills emarginate, distant, 3-4 lines broad, crisped, smoky-olive ; stem clavate, immar- ginate, 2 in. or more long, -|-§^ in. thick, ascending, fibrillose, very dingy, apex violet, often hollow; veil superior, not forming a ring. Cortinarius (Fhlegmacium) anfractus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 14 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 240 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 705. In woods. 102 FUNGUS-FLOE A. Pilens never zoned, but sometimes smoke-colour wlien moist ; yellowish-olive and spotted wlien dry. Thinner than C. infractits, at first usually more sinuous and irregular. Stem ascending or curved. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Phleg.) Berkeleyi. Cooke. Pileus 3-6 in. across, convex then expanded, very fleshy, viscid, shining when dry, brown, darkest in the centre, often Avith a tinge of lilac towards the margin, disc even, for about an inch round the margin coarsely plicate or rugulose, but not evenly striate, flesh ^ in. thick except the extreme edge, white, margin with purple tinge ; gills rather close, narrow, slightly emarginate, cinnamon with an olive tinge at first ; stem 4-6 in. long, 1 in. thick above, base bulbous, solid, flesh white, silky-fibril lose, w^hite, veil persistent as an indistinct brown broken line on stem; spores yellow-brown, elliptic-fusiform, rugulose, 15-16 X 8-9 /x. Cortinarius (Plilegmacium) Berheleiji, Cke., Hdbk., p. 240 ; Cke., Illustr., t. 706 (not good, margin too regularly grooved) ; Cke., Illustr., t. 707, is also said to be this sj^ecies, but if reall}" so it is a very marked variety. Cortinarius torvus, Fries, Kalchbrenner, t. xxi., fig. 1 (excellent). Cortinarius anfractus, Berk., not of Fries. In woods. The present species is considered by con- tinental mycologists as being the true C, torvus of Fries, but the British specimens that I have seen fresh have a distinctly viscid pileus, whereas C. torvus is a Telamonia. The present species was named C. anfractus by Berkeley, but is certainly not that species. When young the whole fungus is involved in a whitish volva, patches of which frequently remain on the pileus. tt SCAUEI. * Gills li'Jiiiish, then tan or pale cinnamon. Cortinarius (Phleg.) multiformis. Fr. Bileus 2-3 in. across, fleshy, regular, convex then expanded, very obtuse, becoming depressed, generally very viscid, even, glabrous, every portion the same colour, j^ellow, yellow-tan, tawny, &c., sometimes spotted, fibrilloso-virgate, or lacunose; CORTIXAEIUS. 103 flesh white, at first compact then soft, that of the pileus "becoming tinged yellow; gills emarginate, free or with a minute decurrent tooth, very thin, crowded, straight, not broad, at first white then yellowish-tan ; stem solid, 2-4 in. long, about i in. thick, equal or attenuated, somewhat glabrous or adpressedly fibrillose, naked (not pruinose) white, then yellowish, bulb oblong, globose, or depressed, 1 in. thick ; spores ochraceous, rough, 10-12 X 5 /x. Cortinarius{PliJegmacium) multiformis. Fries, Epicr., j). 263; Cke., Hdbk., p. 241 ; Cke., Illiistr., pi. 708. In woods. Distinguished by the absence of a violet tinge, not hygi o- phanous, flesh white, gills crowded, serrulate, at first whitif-h. (Fries.) Var. flavescens, Cke., Hdbk., p. 241 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 709. Similar in size to the typical form ; j^ileus tawny-yellow, flesh tinged yellow, deep j'ellow at base of stem ; gills yellow. Cortinarius (Phleg.) napus. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh firm, white, with a horny line near the gills ; convex then plane, obtuse, even, glabrous, glutinous, smoke-colour then tawny-bay, margin broken ; gills emarginate, rather distant, broad, crisped, smoky-white, sides hyaline ; bulb distinct, obconic, acutely and obliquely marginate, from this springs the stem, about 2 in. long, h i^i. thick, equal, ascending, glabrous, firm, white, base at length yellowish; spores elliptical, smooth, 10 x o /x. Cortinarius (Flilegmacium) najms, Fries, Epicr., p. 263 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 241 : Cke., Hluslr., pi. 710. In pine woods, &c. Allied to C. rapaceiis, but quite distinct in the broad, crisped, rather distant, smoky-white gills. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Phleg.) allutus. Fr. Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh thiu, rufescent, conical then convex, finally expanded and sometimes de23ressed, smooth, viscid, reddish russet, margin darker; gills adnate, rather crowded, crenulate, thin, whitish then rufescent; stem about 1 in. long, viscid, white, apex mealy, reddish- striate below, marginately bulbous. 104 FUXGUS-FLOKA. Cortinarius (JPhlegmaciwm) allutus, Fries, Epicr., p. 203; Cke., Hdbk., p. 411 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 752. In pine woods. Pileus orange-yellow, disc paler, w^hen moist, deep yellow when dry. Gills sometimes decurrent. Small. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Phleg.) talus. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. acro-^^s, equal, convex then plane, even, glabious, viscid, dingy-yellowish, becoming pale, margin somewhat yellowish-olive ; flesh watery, dingy pallid- white, variegated with h^-aline spots and a horny line at the junction of the gills ; gills emarginate, rather crowded, clear straw-colour or jDallid ochraceuus, soon discoloured ; stem solid, 3 in. long, ^ in. thick, equal, cylindrical, not oblique, almost glabrous, pallid, bulb small, subrotund, marginate; spores 8-9 x 4-5 /x. Cortinarius (PlilegmaciuuC) talus, Fries, Epicr., p. 263 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 242 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 71 J. In woods. Yery pretty, closely allied to C. turhinatus, but distinguished by the difference in colour. (Fries.) *^ Gills violet, blue, or ^mjjlisli, then cinnamon. Cortinarius (Phleg.) glaucopus. Fr. Pileus 3-4 in. across, flesh rather thin towards the margin, becoming yellowish, at first convex and incurved then ex- panded, rather wavy, viscid, becoming floccosely squamulose and fibrillose, olive-bay at first, soon tawny-yellow ; gills emarginate, broad, bluish then tawny-cinnamon ; stem 2|-3 in. long, |- in. thick, striate, bluish then pallid yellow, marginately bulbous ; spores 8 x 4-5 /x. Cortinarius (Pldegmacium) (jlaucopus. Fries, Epicr., p. 264; Cke., Hdbk., p. 242 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 712. In pine woods. Stout, large, at first short, stem bulb- like then elongated, 3-4 in. long, straight, always thick, pale blue inside at first. Pileus at first olive-bay, soon tawny-yellow, with an elevated brown zone near the margin, as in C. infradus and C. pur- jQurascens. (Fries.) CORTINARIUS. 105 Tufted, irregular. Whole plant when cut or bruised of a beautiful violet. Pileus 3 in. broad, at first viscid, dirty umber-tawny and bro%vn, then tawny with a very faint tinge of purple, expanded, shining, minutely tibrillose, the fibrillae quite adpressed. Gills very broad, at first violet then cinna- mon, emarginate, distant. Stem 1^ in. high, ^-1 in. thick, composed of fibres, bulbous, at first tinged with violet, nearly smooth except towards the bulb, where are a few fibrillae dusted with the sporules. (Berk.) Cortinarius (Phleg.) calochrous. Fr. Pileus about 2 in. across, compact, convex then plane, obtuse, viscid, spotted and often stained, tawny, yellowish towards the margin, which is at first involute, often flexuous when expanded ; flesh pure white ; gills emarginate, crowded, dark purple-blue, margin serrate; stem lh-2 in. long, ?. in. thick, equal, with a distinctly and abrupt marginate bulb, which is sometimes depressed, fibrillose, yellowish, never be- coming blue, solid and firm ; veil yellow, marginal, fugacious ; spores 7-8 X 4 ju. Cortinarius {Plilegmacimii) calochrous. Fries, Epicr., p. 265 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 242; Cke., Illustr., pi. 713. In woods, esj)ecially beech. Stem equal, short, not blue. Pileus commonly tawny, yellow near the margin, which is involute, often flexuous, but not arched. (Fries.) Pileus 3-4 in. broad, truly carnose, viscid when moist, nearly smooth with a satiny lustre, olivaceous-tawny when young, tawny when full grown, flesh tinged with yellow, and when young very dilute violet. Veil arachnoid, the threads arising partly from the apex, partly from the middle of the stem. Gills close, thin, emarginate, serrulate, at first bright violet, then ferruginous with a dilute violet tinge ; not at all olivaceous. Sporules elliptic. Stem 1-3 in. high, 1 in. thick, fibrillose, the fibrillae above copious and densely dusted with the sporules, bulbous, violet towards the gills, the rest whitish, when young very shaggy at the base. The plant described above seems to be the var. h. of Fries. The taste is astringent and the odour nauseous, like that of A. radicosus, whereas Fries describes his species as inodorous and insipid. The bright violet of the gills is not very 106 FUXGUS-FLOEA. persistent, but this may "be owing to the dryness of the summer in which it occurred. (Berk.) Cortinarius (Phleg.) caerulescens. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in, across, equally flesh}^ convex then plane, ohtuse, regular, even, almost glabrous, but often fibrilloso-vir- gate; viscid, when dry shining or opaque, dingy yellow, almost tan-colour, varying to yellowish-brown, &c. ; gills slightly rounded behind, adnexed, thin, closely crowded, 2 lines broad, at first clear intense blue then becoming purplish,, at length dingy cinnamon ; stem about 2 in. long, h in. thick (bulb more than an inch), firm, equally attenuated upwards^ at first fibrillose, bright violet, then becoming pale and whitish, naked, bulb often disappearing with age ; veil fibrillose, fugacious; spores elliptical, 9-10 X 5 //,. Cortinarius caerulescens, Frie?, Epior., p. 265 ; Cke., Hdbk.,. p. 242 ; Cke., Illustr., pL 721, 722. Amongst moss in woods, &c. Neither the gills nor the flesh change colour when broken, a point which distinguishes the present from C. jmrjmrascens^ "When young every part is generally blue. Smell scarcely any. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Phleg.) purpurascens. Fr. (figs. 1, 2^ 14, p. 16.) Pileus 4-0 in. across, fleshy, disc compact, obtuse, wavy, variable, covered with a dense layer of gluten, but opaque when dry, bay or reddish then tawny-olivaceous, spotted : often depressed round the margin, which is at first incurved then wavy, marked with a raised brown line ; flesh entirely clear blue ; gills broadly emarginate, 3 lines and more broad, crowded, bluish-tan, then cinnamon, violet-purple when bruised ; stem about 3 in. long, f in. and more thick, solid> bulbous, everywhers fibrillose, intensely pallid clear blue, very compact, juicy, becoming purplish-blue when touched, bulb submarginate ; spores elliptical, 10-12 X 5-6 /x. Cortinarius imrpurascens, Fries, Epicr., p. 265 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 243 ; Cke., lUustr., ph 723, 724. In pine woods, &c. Gills becoming spotted with purple when touched, a character that separates the present species from some allies, COKTINARIUS. 107 especially Corthiarkis glaucopus. The form described above is short, robust, very compact, juicy, and becoming purplish blue when bruised. A second form occurs in dense beech woods ; very large, rather caespitose, stem longer, rather twisted, pileus undulate, up to 8 in. broad, brownish-tan, then cinnamon from the falling spores. Gills at first greyish purple ; remainder as in typical form. (Fries.) Var. subpurpurascens, Fries, Epicr., p. 265; Cke., Illustr., pi. 725 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 243. Pileus not compact, obtuse, at length very much dilated, and undulately waved, viscid, tawny smoke-colour, becoming pale, obsoletely tibrilloso-virgate, rather spotted; stem at length hollow, 3-4 in. long, h in. thick, subcylindrical, marginately bulbous, fibrillose below, naked above, glabrous, slightly striate, pale bluish or whitish ; gills sometimes emarginate, almost free, sometimes docurrent, pallid then cinnamon, becoming purj^lish when bruised. Flesh soft,, white (very dilute blue) uncliangeable. In woods. *** Gills ferruginous, tawny, or yellow. Cortinarius (Phleg.) dibaphus. Fr. Pileus 3-4 in, across, convex then plane, at length depressed, viscid, glabrous, purplish, the disc becoming yellowish, at length variegated with lilac ; flesh yellow with a violet line under the cuticle ; gills adnate, slightly rounded, rather crowded, about 3 lines broad, purplish-ferruginous, margin quite entire; stem about 3 in. long, stuifed, marginately bulbous, about h in. thick, fibrillose, yellow, shining, a23ex j)urplish, yellow within ; spores 12 X 5 /x. Cortinarius (Fhlegmaciuni) dibaplius, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 21 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 243. Cortinarius luteopes, Seer. n. 250. In woods. Taste and smell none. Var. xanthophyllus^ Cke., Hdbk., p. 243 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 753. Gills at first, and for a long time, yellow. 108 FUNGUS-FLORA. Cortinarius (Phleg.) turbinatus. Fr. Pileus 2-4 in. across, fleshy, convex then expanded, obtuse, at length depressed, orbicular, even, glabrous, viscid, ■dingy yellow or greenish, hygropbanous, opaque when dry ; flesb soft, v^^bite ; gills attenuato-adnate, thin, crowded, broad, quite entire, at first pale yellowisb tben somewbat ferru- ginous ; stem equal, except the distinctly marginate, globoso- depressed bulb, cylindrical, stuffed then hollow, commouly about 2 in. long, but sometimes elongated, yellowisb ; spores 14-16 X 1 IX, rough. Cortinarius (Plilegmacium) tiirhinatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 266 ; Cke., Hdbk.,p. 243; Cke., Illustr., pi. 714. Agaricus turbinatus, Bull., t. 110. In beecb woods, &c. Distinguished amongst its allies by tbe regular, hygro- phanous pileus, quite entire dingy ochraceo-ferruginous gills, without a trace of blue or purple colour. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Phleg.) corrosus. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in, across, fleshy, soon expanded and umbilicate, smooth, viscid, ferruginous then pale tan-colour, at lengtb rivulose, somewbat floccose, opaque when dry, flesb hard, wbite; gills emarginate, closely crowded, narrow, somewhat ferruginous at first ; stem 1-1 J in. long, J-§ in. thick, im- perfectly bollow, naked and white at the apex, bulb depressed, marginate ; veil fibrillose, white. Cortinarius (^Phlegmacium) corrosus. Fries, Epicr., p. 266 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 244; Cke., Illustr., pL 715. In pine woods. Smaller than C. fulgens. Pileus ferruginous tben tan-colour, opaque, 2-3 in. across, edge of the gills wavy, rounded, free. Smell not remarkable. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Phleg.) fulgens. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, very fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, viscid, sometimes with drop-like spots, at lengtb silk}-- fibrillose or minutely squamulose, deep, persistent tawny- orange ; flesb very compact, yellowish-wbite, at lengtb spongy and tan-colour; gills emarginate, 3 lines broad, rather crowded, quite entire, at first bright yellow, at lengtb ratber CORTINARIUS. 100 distant, tawny or ferruginous from the spores ; stem solid, short, yellow, densely librilloso from the yellow veil (viscid in moist weather), woolly, about 3 in. long when adult, bulb depressed, marginate, oblique ; spores elliptical, 9 x 5 /x. Cortinarius fulgens, Fries, Epicr., p. 267 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 244; Cke., Illustr., pi. 710. In woods. Very showy, robust, tawny-golden, woolliness of the stem viscid when young. Cortinarius ( Phleg. ) fulmineus. Fr. Pileus lh-2 in. across, flesh thick, convex then almost plane, viscid, tawny, margin orange, with small aggluti- nated rust-coloured scales ; gills rounded behind, adnexed, crowded, Ih line broad, at first jiure yellow ; stem about 1 in. long, ^-| in. thick, yellow, apex with a white veil, solid, bulb large, marginate, rooting, more or less triangular in. section; spores elliptic-fusiform, rough, 10 X 5-0 /x. Cortinarius (PJilegmaciuni) fulmineus, Fries, Epicr., p. 267 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 244 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 717. In shady woods. Very short, robust, sweet. Stem not filamentous, slightly viscid at first, bulb larger than the pileus. Pileus tawny ^ almost brown, margin orange. Flesh thick, white, often yellow at the margin or tinged yellow everywhere. (Fries.)' Differing from C corrosus in the yellow stem and presence- of agglutinate scales on the viscid pileus. C. fulgens diff'ers from the present species in the spongy, pale tan-coloured flesh. Cortinarius (Phleg.) orichalceus. Fr. Pileus 2-4 in. across, fleshy, convex then expanded^ glabrous, covered with a viscid pellicle, reddish-tawny, disc rubiginous, cracked into squamules, margin becoming livid ; gills somewhat sinuate or rounded behind, annexed, 3-4 lines broad, greenish sulphur-colour; stem 2-3 in. long, h in. thick, equal, fibrillose, yellowish, mai-ginately bulbous, solid. Cortinarius (^Phlegmacium) orichalceus, Fries., Epicr., p. 267 ^ Cke., Hdbk., p. 244; Cke., Illustr., pi. 754. Under pine-trees, &c. Flesh sometimes white, yellow or greenish-yellow at the 110 FUNGUS-FLORA. margin, sometimes dirty, all alike, watery , stem almost naked, or fibrillose and viscid, 2-3 in. long, J in. thick, bulb depressed. Pilens 3 in. broad, colour peculiar , gills very broad behind. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Phleg.) testaceus. Cooke. Pileus 3-4 in. across, fleshy, convex then flattened and obtusely umbonate, or depressed, brick-red, rather vinous, growing paler with age, smooth, even, viscid ; gills 3-5 lines broad, adnate and a little emarginate, scarcely crowded, dusky cinnamon ; stem 3—4 in. long, | in. thick, attenuated upwards from a submarginate, bulbous base, whitish above, becoming rnfous about the base, longitudinally fibrously striate below, solid, flesh with a tinge of flesh-colour, becoming ruddy at the apex and base ; spores elliptical, ends rather acute, rough, 16 X 8 /x. Cortinarius (^Phlegmaciuni) testaceus, Cke,, Hdbk., p. 378 ; €ke., Illustr., pi. 1190. On the ground. **** Gills olivaceous, Cortinarius (Phleg.) prasinus. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, compact, convexo-plane, very obtuse, regular, viscid, spotted as if scaly, sometimes dingy bluish- green, sometimes smoky tawny, margin regularly involute ; flesh dirty white ; gills emarginate, not crowded, rather distant when full grown, rather crisped, yellowish olive or almost olive, dark greyish-olive at the base ; stem about 2 in. long, § in. thick, baseSmarginately bulbous, pallid greeu, not becoming violet, solid, flesh greenish white ; veil scanty, whitish or greenish ; spores 10 X o /x, smooth. Cortinarius (Flilegmaciimi) prasinus. Fries, Epicr., p. 268 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 245 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 735. In beech woods, &c. Short, firm, mild, about the size of Cort. calochrous. Cortinarius (Phleg.) atrovirens. Kalchbr. Pileus 3-4 in. across, flesh rather thin, tinged green, convex, even, viscid, dark green or olive-umber ; gills adnate, crowded, 2-3 lines broad, yellowish green then cinnamon ; CORTINARIUS. Ill stem about 3 in. long, fibrillose except the somewliat turbi- nate, marg-inate bulb, solid, flesh tinted with bluish-green ; spores elliptical, 10 x ^ fJ- Cortinariiis (Phlegmacium) atrovircns, Kalchbr., Hym. Hung., p. 34, t. 19, f. 3 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 2i5 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 736. In pine woods, tl'C. Kesenibling C. pras/n^'s in colour, but differing in the pileus not being spotted with scales, and in the sulphur- coloured mjxelium. Cortinarius (Phleg.) scaurus. Fr. Pileus l.\-3 in. across, flesh thick at the disc, becoming very thin towards the margin and at length slightly striate, viscid, smoky-tawny, spotted, becoming pale; stem about 3 in. long, 3-5 lines thick at the apex, attenuated upwards from the marginate bulb, tinged with green or blue, solid ; gills attenuated behind, adnexed, thin, crowded, purplish- olive; spores 10 X o fi. Cortinarius (Phlegmacium) scauriis^ Fries, Epicr., p. 268 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 245 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 755. In woods. Stem greenish or bluish, never yellow. Pileus smoky- tawny, becoming fulvous when dry, flesh thin, watery, insipid. Gills narrow, almost linear, sometimes purplish, sometimes olive, also smoky. (Fries.) Soft, insipid, pileus 2-3 in. broad, sometimes depressed. Gills rather thin, at length cinnamon. Stem about 3 in. high, fi.brillose, sometimes marginato-bulbous, sometimes when growing amongst moss nearly equal. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Phleg.) herpeticus. Fr. Pileus l|-3 in. across, fleshy, margin thin, convex then plane, obtuse, even, glabrous, sparingly viscid, at first •olive, then dingy tan, the disc becoming pale ; gills slightly emarginate, at first very crowded and dark smoky-violet, then slightly crowded, 2-3 lines broad, smoky-violet ; stem -at first short, then 2-3 in. long, ^ in. thick, unequal, some- what twisted, solid, firm, but spongy within and often hollow at the apex, fibrillose, pallid, scarcely tinged violet, the napiform bulb marginate ; spores 10 X 6 yu.. 112 FUNGUS-FLORA. Coriinariiis (Flilegmacium) Jierpeticiis, Fries, Epicr., p. 268 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 245 ; Cke., Illiistr., pi. 849. In woods, &c. ttt ELASTICI. * Gills loJiitish, then tan or dingy cinnamon. Cortinarius (Phleg.) cumatilis. Fr. Pileus 3-4 ill. across, flesh tliin excei:)t at the disc, convex then expanded, obtuse, disc brownish, remainder pale dingy lilac, covered with bluish-violet tinted gluten ; gills adnexed, crowded, narrow, margin serrate, white then tan-coloiir ; stem about 3 in. long, h in. or more thick at the apex, somewhat bulbous, and attenuated upwards, apex a little cortinate, universal veil forming an abrupt volva at the base, whitish. Cortinarius {Plilegmaciuni) cumatilis, Fries, Epicr., p. 269 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 246 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 726. In copses, &c. A very fine species, sometimes solitary, stem stout, bul- bous ; at others caespitose, stem longer and curved, universal veil membranaceous, agglutinated at the base, but separable, at first continuous with the blue pellicle of the pileus > (Fries.) Cortinarius (Phleg.) serarius. Fr. Pileus 3-4 in. across, fleshy, convex then expanded, gibbous, unpolished, opaque, reddish-tan ; stem solid, equal, fibrillose, shining, white, as is also the flesh ; gills arcuately adnexed, with a deeurrent tooth, crowded, pale tan-colour. Cortinarius (Plilegmaciuni) serarius, Fries, Epicr., p. 269 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 246. In woods. {Stem 4 in. long, entirely fibrous. Pileus 3-4 in. broad, even and glabrous but not polished, somewhat silky-pruinose ; reddish-tan coloured, by which it is more especially dis- tinguished. Flesh 3 lines thick, with a hyaline line near the gills. (Fries.) Having seen a copy of Fries's drawings of this species, we are of opinion that the evidence of its being British is very CORTIXARIUS. 113 slender and doubtful. The Scotch specimens, if true, were by no means typical. (Cooke.) Cortinarius (Phleg.) emollitus. Fr. Pileus 3-4 in. across, tieshy, lax, rather wav}-, minutely fibrilloso - virgate, viscid, tawny, ochraceous - yellow and shining when dry, margin thin, incurved; stem lh-2 in. long, ^ in. and more thick, stufted, unequal, scarcely bulbous, ofren compressed, fibrillose, soft, white then tinged yellow, veil fugacious ; gills emarginate, up to h in. broad, rather distant, smooth, soft, white then ochraceous. Cortinarius (Plilegmacimii) emollitus, Fries, Epicr., p. 269 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 240 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 727. Amongst grass in beech woods, &c. Often caespitose, very variable, but very distinct from neighbouring species in the acrid taste ; snow-white ver}'' soft flesh ; soft, imperfectly hollow stem ; somewhat deformed pileus, and rather distant gills. A small form occurs with a slender stem, pileus plane, fragile. Cortinarius (Phleg.) cristallinus. Fr. Pileus about 3 in. across, equally fleshy, but thin, expanded, glabrous, viscid, shining, hygrophanous, disc watery-pallid, towards the margin silvery-white, shining, when dry entirely whitish ; gills emarginate, thin, 3 lines broad, crowded, tan- colour ; stem 3 in. long, 4 lines thick, hollow or attenuated at the base, fragile, fibrillose, whitish straw-colour ; spores S X 4: fJL. Cortinarius (Plilegmaciuni) cristallinus, Fries, Monogr., i. p. 30 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 246 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 728. In mixed woods, amongst leaves. Taste very acrid. A form occurs having the pileus yel- lowish-white, stem slightly viscid, gills rather decurrent. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Phleg.) decoloratus. Fr. Pileus 2-4 in. across, flesh thin, equal, campanulate then convex, obtuse, soft, glabrous, tan-colour, disc darkest, corru- gated when old, viscid ; gills emarginate, adnate, or decur- rent, depending on the situation and mo Je of growth, slightly crowded, 3 lines broad, tan-colour then cinnamon ; stem VOL. II. 1 114 rUNGUS-FLOEA. about 3 in. long, J in. or more thick below, stuifed, slender, somewhat equal, sliglitly thickened downwards, ascending, iibrillose, silvery shining, apex glabrous, not mealy ; spores 7 X 3-4 /x. Cortinarius (PJdegmaciinn') decoloratus. Fries, Monogr., iu p. 30; Cke., Hdbk., p. 247; Cke., Illustr., pi. 729. In beech woods, &c. Yery variable, there are three or fonr very remarkable forms, which at fiist sight appear distinct, bnt all agree in essential points. The typical form, described above, re- sembles C. tabularis in statnre and general appearance, bnt differs in having the pileus viscid, never silky from the veil,, stem never sqnamulose, &c. Form (6), occurring under birches. Bulb at first small and rounded, but soon disappearing, soft, the attenuated stem becoming yellowish. Gills at first greyish-white. Pileus a little darker, floccosely squamulose or rivulosely granular when dry. Form (c), occurring in pine woods. Smaller and slenderer, pileus even, gills pallid-tan. (Fries.) ** Gills violet, purplisJi, or flesh-colour. Cortinarius fPhleg.) decolorans. Fr. Pileus fleshy 1^-3 in. across, convex then expanded, some- what gibbous, equal, even, glabrous, viscid, persistently yellow all over; flesh thin, firm, white; gills sinuately ad- nexed, crowded, thin, 3 lines broad, purplish, soon cinnamon, not changing colour when bruised ; stem 2-3 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, equally attenuated, white, glabrous except for the veil; spores pip-shaped, 10 x 8 /x. Cortinarius (Pfilegriiaciiini) decolorans, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 31 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 247 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 730. In pine woods, &c. For a long time considered as a slender form of C. varius^ fi'om which it difi'ers in the slender, polished, glabrous stem M^thout a bulb, the more slender pileus of one colour, and the somewhat persistent median veil. Cortinarius (Phleg.) porphyropus. Fr. Pileus 1^-3 in. across, fleshy, margin very thin, flesh soft. COKTIXARIUS. 115 white, soon becoming purplish-lilac when broken, convex then plane, obtuse, even, innately virgate, viscid, livid yellowish or tan-colour, not changing colour when bruised ; gills Jounded or emarginate, rather crowded, 2— i lines broad, purplish then watery cinnamon; stem 2-4 in. long, about o lines thick, fragile, lilac-viulet both outside and inside, soon becoming pale or whitish, but changing to lilac-violet when bruised; veil inferior, fibrillose, spores 10-12 X 7 ^. Cortinarius (^PJilcgmaciitm) porphjropus. Fries, Ejiicr., p. 271 ; Cke., Ildbk., p. 217 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 731. In woods. Stem always slender, frequently equal, slightly elastic but fragile, becoming pale, but becoming lilac when bruised. Pileus brownish-tan, livid. Flesh thin, white. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Phleg.) croceocoeruleus. Fr. Pileus ^—1^ in. across, tiesh thin, convex then j)lane, obtuse or gibbou>% even, glabrous, viscid, lilac or pale violet ; flesh watery, pallid, and like the other parts, becomes tinged with purple when crushed ; gills attenuated or broadly emarginate, Avith a very delicate decurrent tootb, plane, rather distant, lilac then saffron-tan ; stem hollow, about 2 in. long, some- what equal or sometimes attenuated at the base, 2-3 lines thick, even, glabrous, naked, fragile, white ; spores 8 x 5 />t. Cortinarius (JPlilegmaciiuii) croceocoeruleus. Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 238 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 732; Cke., Hdbk., p. 247. Under beeches, &c. Small, fle^h watery, unchangeable. Veil white. (Fries.) *** Gills pure ocliraceous, tawny^ or ferruginous. Cortinarius (Phleg.) corruscans. Fr. Pileus 3-5 in. across, fleshy, soon flattened and at length depressed, even, glabrous, viscid, shining when dry, yellow- ochraceous, often spotted with tawny; flesh soft, white; gills adnate, with a decurrent tooth, not sinuate, thin, very narrow in proportion to the size of the pileus, 1-2 lines at most, very crowded, quite entire, clear ocliraceous ; stem solid, elastic, 3-6 in. long, h in. thick, equal, dilated at the apex, fibrillosel}' striate, pure white. I 2 116 FUNGUS-FLORA. Cortinarhis (Phlegmacium) corruscans, Fries, Epicr., p. 271 ; Cke., Hdbk.. p. 32 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 733. Under buslies, &c. Taste and smell none. Pileus regular, ocliraceous-yellow, often spotted with tawny. Cortinarius (Phleg.) papulosus. Fr. Pileus 2^,-3^ in. across, fleshy, at first convex, obtuse, then plane, at length depressed, disc usually gibbous, glabrous, viscid, even at the margin, honey-coloured tan, disc darker ferruginous or brownish, the cuticle becoming broken up into minute, areolar, brownish granules when dry ; flesh white, thick at the disc, margin thin ; gills adnato-decurrent, crowded, slightly joined behind, but separating from the stem when old and connected by a spurious collar, 2-3 lines broad, pallid, soon ochraceous, at length yellowish-cinnamon ; stem solid, firm, entirely fleshy inside, equal or thickened at the base, 3 in. long, ^ in. or more thick, densely fibrillose, apex naked, white ; veil inferior, white, very fugacious. Cortinarius {Pldegraaciinii) jjapulosus, Fries, Monogr.,ii. p. 33; Cke., Illustr., pL 718; Cke., Hdbk., p. 248. In pine woods, &c. Entirely white inside, by which the present is distinguished from C. percomis and other allies. (Fries.) There is a form Adth a long flexuous hollow stem. Var. major, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 33. Stem attenuated from the base, filamentous from the inferior veil, apex cortinate, at length coloured like the gills ; pileus glutinous, yellowish ferruginous, margin much paler, disc truly granular; gills slightly sinuate. CEEPIDOTUS. Fr. (figs. 1-3. p. 3.) Pileus excentric, often resupinate or laterally attached ; stem excentric, lateral, or entirely absent ; veil not evident ; gills more or less decurrent or radiating from an excentric point ; spores pile ferruginous or cinnamon-colour. Crepidotns, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 272 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 189. Distinguished by the resupinate, sessile, or excentrically stipitate pileus ; many of the species are minute. Care must be taken not to confound the present genus with CKEPIDOTUS. 117 Claudopus, the analogous genus in the Wwdosporac ; the latter is distinguished by the pink or salmon-coloured gills and spores. Crepidotus palmatus. Bull. Pileus 2-4 in. across, fleshy, compact, convex then ex- panded, irregular, glabrous, pelliculose, ferruginous ; gills flxed to a collar, ventricose, rather distant, ferruginous; stem excentric or lateral, incurved, firm, glabrous, whitish. Agaricus imlmatiis, Bulliaid, Champ., pi. 216; Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 275; Cke., Hdbk., p. 189. On trunks. Sometimes confused with Pleurotus siihpalmatiis, but dis- tinguished by the ferruginous spores. Flesh firm, but at the same time spongy and bibulous. (Fries.) Crepidotus mollis. Fr. Pileus 1^-3 in. across, flesh rather gelatinous, soft, obovate or reniform, flaccid, subsessile, glabrous, pale clingy tan then greyish ; gills radiating from the base of attachment of the pileus, crowded, about 1^- line broad, whitish then watery cinnamon. Agaricus mollis, Schaeffer, t. 213; Cke., Hdbk., p. 189; Cke., Illustr., pi. 498. On rotten trunks, stumps, &c. Dimidiate, subsessile (varies with the posterior margin extended as a strigose stem, ^ in. long), often imbricated, convexo-plane, obovate or reniform, undulated and lobed in large specimens, flaccid, even, glabrous, pallid then hoary, at length spotted with rufous from the falling spores ; flesh very soft, more or less thick, watery whitish. Gills usually decurrent from the base, 1-2 lines broad, crowded, greyish- white then watery cinnamon. (Fries.) Crepidotus applanatus. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in, across, rather fleshy, soft, fragile, plane, reniform or wedge-shaped, whitish, produced behind into a very short whitish tomentose stem ; gills determinate, crowded, narrow, white then pale cinnamon. Agaricus (^Crepidotus) applanatus, Fries, 31onogr., i. p. 399 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 190. 118 FUXGUS-FLOEA. Agariciis stij^ticus, Persoon, Obs., i. p. 8, t. 5, f. 3. On rotten wood. Pileus watery, not gelatinous, very hygroplianous, margin sliglitly striate when moist, at length depressed behind. Pileus watery, rather fleshy, soft, fragile, altogether plane, horizontal, extended behind in a straight line into a very short, white, tomentose stem; reniform or cuneate, watery cinnamon when moist, margin slightly striate, even and whitish when dry, truly hygrophanous, at length depressed behind; subsessile. Gills originate determinately behind, crowded, linear, thin, whitish then watery cinnamon. Inter- mediate between Crepidotus mollis and C. hyssisediis. (Fries.) Crepidotus alveolus. Lasch. Pileus 1-2 i in. across, flesh about 2 lines thick, whitish, soft, lateral, obovate, repand, plane, glabrous, ochraceous- brown, sessile or produced behind into a short, stem-like, tomentose base ; gills determinate, broad, crowded, pale then bro^mish-tan. Agaricus alveolus, Lasch, no. 582 ; Fries, Hym. Eur., IX 275 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 189. On trunks. Closely allied to Cre])idotus mollis, but more fleshy, darker coloured, becoming pale when dry, sometimes olive-tinged near the margin. It is doubtful whether the figure in Cke., Illustr., pi. 490a, called Agaricus (^Crepidotus) alveolus, Lasch, is the right fungus; the specimens measure up to 1 in. across, subreni- form, ochraceous-tan, very convex and subumbonate behind, and attached by a small point ; gills distant, about 2 lines broad, tawny-ochraceous. Dimidiate, laterally subsessile or produced behind into a short stem-like tomentose base, horizontal, pileus fleshy, soft, obovate, sometimes repand, almost plane, 2 in. and more long, even, glabrous, moist, ochraceous-brown, sometimes tinged with olive towards the margin, pale when dry; gills determinate, not decurrent from the base, broad, crowded, brownish-tan. Closely allied to Crepidotus mollis, differing in the more fleshy rather wedge-shaped pileus, the darker colour of every part, and especially the broader gills. (Fries.) CREPIDOTUS. 119 Crepidotus calolepis. Fr. (figs. 1-3, p. 3.) Pileus |-g- in. across, rather fleshy, dimidiate, sessile, attached by a downy point, otherwise free behind, pale, variegated with minute, crowded, nifescent scales; gills radiating from the point of attachment, rather broad, at length rusty-brown. Agaricus (^Crepidotus) calolepis, Fries, in Vet. Ak. Fiirhandl., 1873; Cke., Hdbk., p. 190; Cke., Illustr., pi. 499c. On rotten trunks of aspen ; branches, &c. Stem reduced to a sessile tubercle. Pileus scarcely I in. broad, flesh firm, not gelatinous. Spores ferruginous-brown. (Fries.) Crepidotus haustellaris. Fr. Pileus |— I in. across, rather fleshy, flaccid, exactly lateral, reniform, plane, even, minutely villous, tan-colour; stem distinct, lateral or very excentric, up to ^ in. long, villous, attenuated upwards, white; gills determinate, rounded behind, pallid then brownish-cinnamon. Agaricus {Crepidotus) haustellaris. Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 274; Cke., Hdbk., p. 190 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 515a. On fallen branches of poplar, &c. Having much in common with Crepidotus calolepis, but abundantly distinct. Small, regular, not caespitose; espe- pecially characterised by the subcorneal stem and almost free gills. (Fries.) Crepidotus epibryus. Fr. Pileus 2-3 lines across, membranaceous, resupinate, quite sessile, adnate by the vertex, silky then smooth, white ; gills radiating from the centre, thin, crowded, white, then reddish-yellow. Agaricus (Crepidotus) epibryus. Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 275 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 191 ; Cke., illustr., pi. 516c. On mosses, leaves, &c. Eegular, almost cup-shaped, small, without a rudiment of a stem, and not produced at the vertex or point of attach- ment. On the larger mosses. Structure and general appearance of Crepidotus variabilis, but conspicuously different in the more regular form, cup-shaped, always entire, not eff'uso- 120 FUNGUS-FLOEA. Tf.'flexed and witliout a rudimentary stem ; pilens on tlie contrary adnate behind, vertical, slightly fleshy, 2-3 lines, and more broad, adj^ressedly silky, even, whitish. Gills- springing from a central point, thin, closely crowded,, parallel, whitish, then gilvous (not reddish). (Fries.) Crepidotus Phillipsii. B. & Br. Pileus about 3 lines across, rather fleshy, oblique, striate, smooth, pale umber; gills narrow, ventricose, slightly adnate, pale dingy tan ; stem short, solid, incurved at the base; spores elliptical, pale rusty-brown, 5-7 X 2'5 fx. Agaricus (^Crepidotus) Phillipm, Berk. & Br., Grev., vol. vi, p. 101 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 190; Cke., Illustr., pi. v. 515c. On dead grass. Distinguished by the dingy, umber jDileus, and the short, incurved stem. Crepidotus pezizoides. Nees. Pileus about 2 lines across, sessile, thin, cup-shaped, then reflexed, mealy, subtomentose, whitish ; gills radiating from the centre, rather distant, olive-brown, then dull tawny. Agaricus pezizoides, Nees, Act. Nat. Curios, ix. t. 6, f. IS (young stage) ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 191 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 51 6d ; Tries, Hym. Eur., p. 277. On rotten branches. Distinguished amongst the minute white species by the mealy pileus. Crepidotus Ralfsii. B. & Br. Pileus ^-| in. across, flesh white, thickish, equal, flat, margin involute, delicately hispid or chaffy, yellow, fixed by cottony mycelium ; stem obsolete ; gills ventricose, rather broad, pale tan-colour, margin whitish. Agaricus (Crepidotus) Balfsii, Berk. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., (1883), p. 372, n. 2008 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 191 ; Cke., Hlustr., pi. 51 6d. On decaying wood. Eather gregarious. Crepidotus chimnophilus. B. & Br. Pileus 2-3 lines across, flesh rather thick, convex, margin incurved, villous, whitish ; stem very short or obsolete, excentric ; gills attenuated behind, distant, narrow, pale tan ; spores pale cinnamon, 5 x 3 /x. TUBAEIA. 121 Agaricus (Crepidotus) ckimnophilus, Berk. & Br., in Berk. Outl., p. 164; Cke., Hdbk., p. 191 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 515a. On small dead branches of Pyrus torminalis. Gregarious. Known amongst the small white species by the villous pileus and few, distant gills. Crepidotus rubi. Berk. Pileus about J in. across, fleshy, convex-plane, margin in- curved, dingy pale yellowish tan, covered with very minute crystalline meal ; gills adnato-decurrent, rather broad, greyish then umber, slightly ventricose ; stem about 2-3 lines long, incurved, solid, pallid, strigose at the base. Agaricus (Crepidotus) ruhi, Berk., Outl., p. 164, t. 9, f. 7 ;. Cke., Hdbk., p. 190 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 515b. On dead bramble, &c. Gregarious. ■'O" Crepidotus epigaeus. Pers. Pileus |-1 in. across, flesh very thin, reniform or flabellate,. fragile, reddish-grey, base villous, -whitish ; gills distinct, narrow, diverging, watery rufescent; spores pale cinnamon, broadly elliptical, 10 x 7 /x. Agaricus epigaeus, Persoon, Syn., p. 484; Cke., Hdbk.,, p. 191 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 516a. Agaricus depluens, Batsch, fig. 122. On the ground, especially on damp clay. Spores oblong, • 0004 in. long, not irregular, and more or less angular, as in the plant usually referred to Agaricus depluens,. as figured by Hoffmann, so that its aftinities seem rather to be with Crepidotus than Claudopus. The present is exactly the plant of Batsch, and we think it better to leave the nam& with what has formerly been considered his species, and retain that of Persoon. The gills of A. epigaeus are no longer red when dry. (Berk. & Br.) TUBARIA. W. G. Smith, (fig. 4, p. 3.) Stem central, somewhat cartilaginous, hollow. Pileus thin, often almost membranaceous, frequently clothed with the remains of the floccose universal veil. Gills more or less decurrent, broadest behind, hence somewhat triangular; spores clear or dusky ferruginous. 122 FUNGUS-FLORA. Tuharia, W. G. Smitli, Journ. Bot. (Seeman), 1870 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 187. The species are all small, and known amongst the Ochro- sporae by the more or less decurrent, triangular gills. The genus corresponds in structure to Eccilia and Omphalia. ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES. I. Gexuini. Spores ferruginous. II. Phaeoti. Spores ferruginous-brown. I. GENUINI. Tubaria cupularis. Bull. Pileus up to 1 in. across, rather fleshy, piano-depressed, obtuse, even, glabrous, rufescent then yellow, hygrophanous ; stem 2-3 in. long, naked, even, very slightly attenuated upwards, whitish, hollow ; gills slightly decurrent, narrow, crowded, dingy cinnamon ; spores elliptical, rusty, 6 X o fx. Agnricus cupularis, Bull., t. 654, f. 2 ; Cke., Hdb., p. 187 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 602. Amongst grass, &c. With the habit of OmpJialia, but with ferruginous spores. Cooke's figure, which is considered as a variety of the present species, has a tawny stem. Tubaria furfuracea. Pers. Pileus -^-2 in. across, rather fleshy, convex then plane, at length depressed and umbilicate, hygrophanous, yellowish- cinnamon, paler when dry; hoary and silky -squamulose, especially near the margin from the veil; stem 1-lf in. long, 1-2 lines thick, rigid, usually paler than the stem, minutely flocculose, base with white down, hollow; gills adnato-decurrent, rather distant, 1^- line broad, cinnamon ; spores elliptical, 10 x <3 fi. TUBAEIA. 123 Agaricus farfuraceus, Persoon, Syn., p. 454 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 187; Cke., illustr., pi. 603. On twigs, chips, &c. Distinguislied amongst its allies by tlie minutely fur- furaceous pileus. Var. trigonophylius, Fries, Hvm. Eur., p. 273 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 187 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 483. Smaller than the typical form, becoming pale yellowis;h ; gills 2h lines broad, subdecurrent, triangular, distant, rather tawny-ochraceous. On the ground, &c. Var. heterostichus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 187. Pileus depressed but rather umbonate, cinnamon, pale ochraceous when dry. On the ground, &c. Tubaria paludosa. Fr. Pileus \-r^ in. across, submembranaceous, conical then convex, papillately umbonate, not striate, silky with super- ficial pale fibrils, yellowish-brown, sometimes with a tinge of pink ; gills slightly decurrent, very broad behind, crowded, watery ochraceous, thin ; stem 3-4 in. long, about 1 line thick, flexuous, equal, flocculose, ochraceous, hollow ; spores ochraceous, elliptical, 10 X 4 /a. Agaricus paludosus, Fries, Monogr., i. p. 397 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 187 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 484 (gills, stem, and spores prim- rose yellow). In swamps, amongst sphagnum, &c. Difiering from the typical generic character in the papil- lose pileus, but in the typical form, stijgia, the gills are truly decurrent. There is another form, A. jpaludosus, Fr., Epicr., p. 209, having the pileus brownish honey-colour, stem about 1^ in. long, gills not decurrent; growing in dried-up swamps. (Fries.) Pileus submembranaceous, campanulate then convex, acutely umbonate, hygrophanous, without striae, silky, everywhere with persistent white hairs ; stem fistulose, twisted, encircled with the remains of the white veil ; gills adnate, plane, ovate, pale honey-colour. (Cooke.) 124 FUNGUS-FLORA. Tubaria stagnina. Fr. Pileus ^-1 in. across, somewliat membranaceous, conical then convex, obtuse, sometimes depressed and umbilicate, rather viscid and slightly striate when moist, rusty-bay, even and somewhat ochraceous when dry, ornamented with concentric white floccose squamules towards the margin ; gills slightly decurrent, broad, triangular, ferruginous; stem 4-7 in. long, equal, rather tough, 1 line thick or a little more, reddish then bay, base with white, villous down, apex rather mealy, hollow; spores elliptical, dingy ferruginous, 10 X 5 fx. Agaricus stagninus, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 268 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 187 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 468. In swamps, amongst sphagnum. There is a slender form differing in the darker colour^ smaller, often naked pileus, and narrower gills, figured by Fries, Icon., t. 129, f. 2. Tubaria pellucida. Bull. Pileus ^-f in. across, rather membranaceous, conical then campanulate, umbonate, hygrophanous, cinnamon, silky and squamulose towards the striate margin, pale when dry; gills broad behind and slightly decurrent, triangular, pale cinna- mon ; stem 1-1 J in. long, scarcely 1 line thick, slightly thickened at the base, pale, shining, apex mealy, hollow. Agaricus pellucidus, Bulliard, Champ., tab. 550, f. 2 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 188. Amongst leaves, &c. Allied to Tubaria stagnina, but much shorter in the stem, which is at first stuffed, then hollow. Although the pileus is not depressed, the gills indicate the genus Tubaria. (Fries.) Tubaria muscorum. Pers. Pileus up to h in. across, membranaceous, convex, centre depressed, striate, glabrous, yellow-brown ; gills slightly decurrent, horizontal, paler ; stem hollow, short, base in- crassated, coloured like the pileus. Agaricus muscorum, Pers., Syn., p. 470; Hoffm., NomencL, t. 5, f. 3 ; Fr., Hym. Eur., p. 274. Amongst moss on the trunks of trees. TUBARIA. 125 The fungus figured by Cooke, Illustr., pi. 1175b, as repre- senting the present species, cannot, I think, be correct; for this mistake I am responsible. The species figured is evidently a Galera, probably a large form of G. sphagnorum. Tubaria embolus. Fr. Pileus h-rj in. across, membranaceous, campanulate then convex, obtuse, finely striate, glabrous, hygrophanous, yel- lowish-tawny, shining, ochraceous when dry ; gills very broad behind, slightly decurrent, thick, triangular, very distant, cinnamon; stem lJ-2 in. long, thickened upwards, often curved, glabrous, tawny-yellow, shining yellow when dry, imperfectly hollow. Agaricus embolus, Fries, Epicr., p. 206 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 188 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 514a. On damp, heathy ground, &c. Resembling Omphalia umhellifera in size and in the structure and arrangement of the gills. Known by the fi^nely striate, glabrous pileus, and the stem evidently thickened upwards. Tubaria autochthona. B. & Br. Pileus J-J in. across, obtuse, hemispherical, ochraceous- white, silky, margin flocculose, flesh thin ; gills adnate with a decurrent tooth, horizontal, honey-colour; stem J— 1 in. long, flexuous or curved, incrassated above and below, base whitish, woolly ; spores elliptical, 8 x 4 yu. Agaricus (Nancorici) autochtlionus, Berk, and Broome, Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 1121 (1866). Agaricus (Tubaria) autochtJionus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 188 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 514b. On naked soil. Pileus ^ in. across ; stem | in. high, not half a line thick in the centre ; spores paler than in Tubaria furfuracea, •00019 in. long; it does not become pallid in drying, like that species, but is of an ochraceous white from the first. It is probably a very common species. (Berk. & Broome.) 126 FUNGUS-FLOKA. II. PHAEOTI. Tubaria crobula. Fr. Pileus i-| in. across, slightly fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, slightly viscid, not striate, covered at first with white, floccose scales, then naked and hoaiy-tan ; gills slightly deciirrent, l~lh line broad, crowded, bro^^mish- ferruginons ; stem |-1 J in. long, 1-1 i line thick, often in- curved or flexuous, brownish, covered with white, floccose scales, hollow ; spores elliptical, brown-rust colour, 10 X 6 /;t. Agaricus crohulus, Fr., Epicr., p. 299; Cke., Hdbk., p. 188; Cke., Illustr., pi. 496b. Amongst sticks, &c. Distinguished from Tiibaria inquilina by its larger size, and by the moderately persistent ring. Tubaria inquilina. Fr. Pileus i-f in. across, membranaceons, convex then plane, at length more or less umbonate, hygrophanous, glabrous, slightly viscid, striate when moist, livid brown, tawny or hoary-tan when dry ; gills slightly decurrent, very broad behind, triangular, rather distant, brownish-tan, then nmber ; stem about 1 in. long, scarcely 1 line thick, thinner towards the base, tough, bay, covered at first with white fibrils, and with white down at the base, hollow, often flexuous ; spores elliptical, dusky ferruginous, 8x4^. Agaricus inquilinus, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 264; Cke., Hdbk., p. 189 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 497. On twigs, chips, &c. Closely allied to Tubaria crohulus, smaller, pileus striate when moist, glabrous from the first, and stem soon glabrous are the jorincipal distinctive features. Var. ecbolus^ Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 275. Stem rooting, equal ; gills crowded, ferruginous. On roots of grasses. FLAMMULA. Fries, (fig. 15, p. 3.) Pileus fleshy, margin at first involute ; stem central, flesh fibrous, not mealy at the apex ; gills decurrent, or adnate FLAMMULA. 127 but not sinuate, usually entire; veil fibrillose, not inter- woven, or altogether absent, never forming a distinct ring on the stem ; spores ferruginous or brownish-ferruginous. Flammula, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 250; Cke., Hdbk., p. 166. Closely allied to FhoUota, in fact the only difference between the two genera depends on the relative development of the partial veil, which in the present genus is fibrillose^ and consequently does not form a persistent, spreading ring on the stem, whereas in Pholiota the veil is interwoven, and remains as a distinct ring on the stem. Yery few species are terrestrial, the majority growing on wood. The colours are often bright, orange-brown or yellow- being most general. ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES. I. Gymnoti. — Veil absent; pileus dry, often squamulose. Spores ferruginous. II. LuBRici. — Pileus covered with a continuous, viscid, glabrous, partly separable cuticle; veil evident, fibrillose. Spores ferruginous, not tawny, ultimately brownish-fer- ruginous. Gregarious, growing on the ground, rarely on wood. Cor- responds to Seheloma, but distinguished by the gills not being sinuate, apex of stem not mealy, pellicle more viscid and more readily separable, smell, &c. III. Udi. — Cuticle of the pileus continuous, not separable, glabrous (superficially downy), moist or rather viscid in rainy weather. Veil evident, ajDpendiculate. Spores not tawny nor ochraceous. Allied to Pholiota ; caespitose, growing on wood. IV. Sapinei. — Pileus scarcely pelliculose (flesh splitting or becoming torn at the surface into squamules), not viscid. Veil silky, adpressed on the stem, not appendiculate, almost absent or forming a silky zone round the stem. Known more especially by the yellow, or yellow then tawny-colour of the gills and the tawny-ochraceous spores. 128 FUNGUS-FLOKA. Siibcaespitose, growing on conifers, but also commonly on the ground amongst fallen twigs, &c., of pines. Y. Sericelli. — Cortinate, cuticle of pileus silky, dry, or at first viscid. * GYMNOTI. Flammula gymnopodia. Bull. Ferruginous-brown, pileus 2-3 in. across, flesb tbin, W'bite, campanulato-convex, squamulose ; gills very decurrent, arcuate, crowded, yellowish then ferruginous ; stem l2-2^ in. long, h in. thick, almost smooth, often incurved, solid. Agaricus (^Flammula) qymnoijodius. Bull. t. 601, f. 1 ; Cke., Hdbk,, p. 166 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 431. On the ground and on pine sawdust, &c. Often caespitose, stem ascending, sometimes partly hollow with age ; pileus sometimes rusty-yellow, especially towards the margin. A very distinct species. Flammula Aldridgei. Mass. Pileus 1-2 in. across, convex then infundibuliform wdth a somewhat involute margin, dry, brick-red with a tinge of orange, or altogether tawny-orange, minutely velvety; gills deeply decurrent, rather crowded, 1^ line broad, lanceolate, golden-yellow then ferruginous-orange ; stem 3-4 in. long, by J- J- in. thick, equal, flexuous, smooth, coloured like the pileus, smooth, with a white floccose mycelium at the base, hollow ; spores elliptical, slightly apiculate at the base, ferruginous-orange, 16 X 5 /x. Agaricus (Flammula) Aldridgei, Mass., Grev., vol. xx. p. 25 (1891). On the ground in w^oods, amongst moss. Gregarious. A very distinct and beautiful species, readily known by the minutely velvety pileus and deeply decurrent gills. Flamm.ula vinosa. Bull. Pileus §-1 J in. across, very fleshy, thick, white ; convex then expanded, at length often depressed, and flexuous at the margin, dry, minutely flocculose, obscure rusty-cinnamon, usually with a tinge of purple ; gills crowded, decurrent, simple, narrow, yellowifc^h then ferruginous ; spores elliptical, FLAMMULA. 129 pale umber, 5 X 3 /x ; stem about 1 in. long, 3 lines thick, thickened at the base or equal, pale, delicately flocculose, solid. Agaricus (Flammula) vinosus, Bull., Champ., t. 54 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 166 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 437. On the ground. Ilesh of pileus very thick at the centre, very thin at the margin, gills very decurrent. Bearing a general resemblance to Flammula paradoxa ; the latter, how- ever, is recognised by the yellow gills and larger spores, and by the stem being usually thickened at the base. Flammula floccifera. B. & Br, Caespitose. Pileus 2 in. across, convex, expanded, tawny, somewhat zoned in drying, sprinkled with white fibrils, rather fleshy ; flesh tawny at the edge and beneath the ciiticle, elsewhere white ; gills moderately broad, rounded behind, adnate, scarcely ventricose, wrinkled transversely, ferruginous, edge white; stem Ih in. high, \ in. thick, attenuated downwards, furfuraceous within the pileus, white, with silky scales, hollow, umber within, ring none ; spores ferruginous. Agaricus (Flammula) Jloccifer, B. & Br., Ann. Kat. Hist., n. 909, pL 14, f. 1; Cke., Hdbk., p. 167; Cke., Illustr., t. 438a. On stumps of lime. Resembling Hyplwloma velutinus in habit. Flammula decipiens. Smith. Pileus about 1 in. across, deep clear brown, becoming pale and the centre almost white, convex, sometimes very obtuse, at others umbonate and with a depression round the umbo, dry, minutely squamulose, flesh thick, golden-yellow ; gills decurrent, crowded, 2 lines bread, orange-brown ; stem about Ij in. long, 2-3 lines thick, attenuated downwards, rich tawny, striate, often twisted ; spores orange-brown, elliptical, apiculate at the base, 6-7 X 4 ^. Agaricus (Flammula) decipiens, W. G. Smith, Journ. Bot. 1869, t. 95, f. 5-8 ; Cke. Hdbk., p. 167 ; Cke., Hlustr., pi. 438b. On burnt earth, charcoal, etc. Inclined to be fasciculate, ring absent. Flesh of stem brown at the base. Superficially closely resembling Flammula VOL. IL K 130 FUNGUS-FLORA. carhonaria, "but quite distinct in tlie decurrent, bright-coloured gills. Flammula clitopila. Cke. & Sm. Pileus 1-1| in. across, ratlier fleshy, convex then expanded, disc depressed and umbilicate, smooth, drv, purplish-brown (madder brown) ; gills slightly adnexed, ventricose, scarcely crowded, dingy yellowish ; stem 2 in. long, h in. thick in the middle, erect, ventricose, smoky-brown, with a few scattered fibrils towards the base, hollow, brown within ; spores brown, elliptical, 10 X 4 /x. Agaricus (Flammulci) cliptoinlus, Cke. & W. G. Smith, Grev., xiii. p. 59; Cke., Hdbk., p. 167; Cke., Illustr., pi. 500. On the ground under firs. Pileus 2 in., stem 2J-3 in. thick in the middle. Allied to Ag, Weinmanni, Fries, of which it may possibly be a variety, but differing in the pileus not being virgate, in the ventricose, hollow stem, and in the gills not being decurrent. (Cooke.) ** LUBPJCI. Flammula lenta. Pers. Pileus 2-3 in. across, fleshy, convex, obtuse then almost jolane, even, viscid, at first with minute, scattered squamules, whitish, pale clay-colour, or livid ; gills adnate, w^hitish then clay-colour, crowded, 1-2 lines broad, becoming discoloured ■with the ferruginous spores; stem 2-3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, subequal, often viscid, with white reflexed squamules, tough, somewhat stuffed ; spores elliptical, 6-8 x 4 /x. Agaricus {Flammula) lentus, Pers., Syn., p. 257 ; Cke., Hdk., p. 167 : Cke., Illustr., pi. 439 ! 440 ? On the ground, rarel}' on w^ood, in mixed woods. Very glutinous in wet weather. Altogether whitish, or varjing to pale clay colour. I suspect this and A. {Heheloma^ glutinosus are one species. On examining the spores of a large number of specimens, growing at the same time within a limited area, I find the spores shading from the clay-colour of Hebeloma to the brighter colour of Flammula. The gills were also very sinuato-adnexed in 3'ounger specimens, and decurrent with a tooth w^hen older. (Stev.) FLAMMULA. 131 Flammula lubrica. Fr. Pileiis 2-4 in. across, convex, obtuse, becoming expanded and almost flat, sometimes depressed and wavy, even, viscid, tawny-red or bright cinnamon, flesh white, thin at the margin; gills adnate, rather decurrent, crowded, 3 lines broad, pale then dingy clay-colour ; stem 2-5 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, equal or slightty thinner upwards, fibrillose, whitish, brownish with age, base pubescent, apex striate, solid ; spores pale rusty-brown, elliptical, 8 x 4 /x. Aqaricus (Flammula) luhricus, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. jp. 252 ; Oke.', Hdbk., p. 168. On or near trunks. Allied to Flammula lenta, but usually larger, pileus cinna- mon or tawny, sometimes pallid, disc tawny, spotted with squamules. Flesh white, almost scentless. (Fries.) Flammula lupina. Fr. Pileus 3-4 in across, convex then flattened and sometimes more or less depressed, even, viscid ; gills adnato-decurrent, rather crowded, broad, pallid, then clay-colour ; stem about 1 in. long, J in. thick, firm, unequal, with adpressed fibrils tinged tawny, apex white. Agaricus (Flammula) lupinuSj Fries, Epicr., p. 185; Cke., Hdbk., p. 168. xAmongst grass. Stem sometimes thickened at the apex, at other times at the base, ^ in. thick. Pileus 3-4 in. broad, with a readily separable pellicle, but not so glutinous as in some species. Flesh soft, white. There are two forms : — (a) smell very strong and pungent, pileus brown or fiiscous-tau, then clay- colour, stem rather ferruginous; (h) smell milder, pileus tawny, stem and gills yellowish. (Fries.) Flammula mixta. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, convexo-plane, obtuse, viscid, dingy tan-colour, disc darker and rugulose, margin paler, smooth, €ven ; gills rather decurrent, crowded, 3-4 lines broad, margin uneven, whitish then clay-colour ; stem variable, 1-3 in. long, 3-5 lines thick, tough, equal, curved, covered upwards with brown fibrils, and with rufous squamules at the base; spores elliptical, yellow-brown, 10 x 5 /x. K 2 132 FUNGUS-FLORA. Agaricus (Flammula) mixtus. Fries, Ed., i. p. 185 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 168 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 474. On the ground, in pine woods more especially. Inodorous. Flesh rather firm, watery. Stem 1-3 in. long, 3—4 lines thick, slightly wavy and a little thickened at the base. Pileus 1-2 in. broad, rufous tan, margin paler, superficially resembling Heheloma punctata, but the general structure and habit is that of Flammula lenta, F. lu- hricus, &c. Flammula juncina. W. G. Smith. Pileus 1-1^- in. across, hemispherical, thin, rather ex- panded, even, glabrous, sulphur-yellow with a rich brown disc; gills decurrent, 2-3 lines broad, thin, sulphur-yellow then leddish-brown ; stem 4 in. long, 3 lines thick at the apex, uniformly tapering downwards, clothed with a few fibres, bright sulphur-yellow, base tawny, solid. Agaricus (^Flammula) junciniis, W. G. Smith, Journ. Bot. (1873), p. 336 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 168; Cke., Illustr., ph 475. On old dead rushes in an old clay-pit. Taste nauseous and disagreeable, somewhat bitter. (W. G. S.) Flammula gummosa. Lasch. Pileus 1-2^ in. across, campanulate, then becoming flattened, obtuse or slightly depressed, viscid, with a separable pellicle, even, sprinkled with superficial squamules, pale yellow or often greenish, at length with a rust}'- tinge, margin paler : flesh thick in the centre, thin at the margin, becoming yellow ; gills adnate, crowded, narrow, j'ello wish- white then cinnamon; stem 2-3 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, equal, rigid, straight, or slightly incurved at the base, silky, fibrillose, pale above, base rusty-red, stuffed, hollow when old. Agaricus (Flammula) gummosus, Lasch, Linnaea, 1827, No. 325 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 168 ; Ck., Illustr., pi. 441. On and about old stumps. Inodorous, not bitter. Pileus conical then depressed, pale yellow or greenish, margin paler, 1-2 in. broad. Flesh becoming yellow. (Fries.) Flammula spumosa. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, convex then plane, sometimes rather umbonate, covered with a viscid, separable cuticle, naked (i.e. without squamules or fibrils), pale yellow, disc darker FLAMMULA. 133 and usually with a rufous tinge, even ; flesh watery, pale yellowish-green; gills adnate, crowded, 1^ line broad, pale yellow, then ferruginous ; stem 2-4 in. long, about 2 lines thick, subequal, more or less fibrillose, but with a distinct cuticle, pale yellow or the colour of the pileus, hollow ; spores yellow-brown, elliptical, 9 X 5 /a. Agaricus (Flammula) spiimosus, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 252 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 169 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 476. In fir woods, on sawdust, &c. In pine woods on the ground, very abundant, rare on trunks, Gregarious, more or less caespitose, inodorous, yellow, stem yellow or olive-brown, often attenuated down- wards. Very viscid in wet weather. Flammula carbonaria. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, fleshy, convex, then almost plane, thin, even, viscid, often depressed in the centre, margin inflexed, tawny-j^ellow, flesh rather firm, yellow ; gills adnate, crowded, 2-3 lines broad, pale then brownish clay- colour ; stem 1 1-3 in. high, 2-3 lines thick at the apex, equal, or often attenuated downwards, rigid, pallid, base usually darker, fibrilloso-squamulose, imperfectly hollow; Bpores ferruginous-brown, elliptical, 7 x 3'o /x. Agaricus (Flammula) carhonarius, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 252 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 169; Cke., Illustr., pi. 442. On burnt earth, charcoal, &c. Sometimes with pileus 3 in. diam., and stem to 4 in. long ; usually smaller. (Cooke.) Gregarious, tough, 1 in. or a little more broad, pileus rather tawny, flesh yellow, spores ferruginous -brown. (Fries.) The soil is often rolled together by the mycelium into a small bulb. The blackness at the base of the stem may be from its habitat. Densely gregarious ; very much allied to Flammula spumosa, but very easily distinguished by the fusco-ferruginous spores. Its stature also is smaller, its structure tougher and lasting long, and its colours more intense. (Fr.) 1?A FUNGUS-FLOKA. *** UDI. Flammula filia. Fr, Pileiis 2-3 in. across, rather fleshy, convex then plane, glabrous, moist in rainy weather, but not viscid, pale reddish- yellow, disc tawny; gills adnate, slightly arcuate, hence with a minute decurrent tooth, rather crowded, 3-4 lines broad, narrowest in front, whitish then pale tawny -yellow ; stem -i-G in. long, about ^ in. thick, equal or attenuated at the base, glabrous, pale yellow, flesh reddish, hollow; spores tawny-orange, elliptic-fusiform, 10 x o jn. Agarlcus (Flammula) fiUus, Fries, Icon. Sel., vol. xi. p. 16, pi. 117, fig. 1 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 169 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 432. On the ground in woods. Tall, elegant, inodorous. Stem hollow, 3-6 in. long, J in. thick, equal or attenuated at the base, glabrous, becoming 23ale, base and inside reddish. Yeil fugacious, terminated by an incomplete ring. Pileus slightly fleshy, soon flattened, 2—3 in. broad, naked, even, glabrous, without a viscid j^ellicle, although becoming quite moist in rainy weather, gilvous, disc rufescent. Flesh of the pileus white, that of the stem reddish. (Fries.) The figure in " Illustrations " has too yellow a tone, and is printed rather too dark in the pileus. (Cooke.), Flammula fusus. Batsch. Pileus 2-3 J in. across, fleshy, compact, convex, obtuse, becoming plane or a little depressed, even, smooth, rather Adscid, reddish tan-colour, disc darker, flesh becoming yellowish, veil appendiculate ; gills rather decurrent, 3-4 lines broad, pallid yellow then ferruginous; stem 2 in. long, about J in. thick at the a^^ex, and gradually attenuated downwards into a rooting base, firm, fibrilloso-striate, pallid, base sometimes dark, stuffed ; sj3ores rusty-brown, elliptical, 10 X 4. fx. Agaricus fimis, Batsch, f. 189 ; Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 247 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 169 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 433. Agaricus 2^omj)osus, Bolton, t. 5. On fallen wood and on the ground. Solitary or caespitose. Smell not pungent, taste mild. The colour of the gills is variable, greyieh-green, &c. FLAMMULA. 135 The root consists of a hard and pointed termination of the stem, covered with downy hbres, of a white-grey colour ; it has no volva. The stem is three or four inches high, largest above, tapering towards the root, often bent irregularly, of a pale yellow above, brown near the root, and easil}^ divides in yellow silky filaments. The curtain is a pale yellow colour, breaks like a fine and delicate spider's web, of the finest silky down. It quite vanishes before the decay of the plant. The gills in three series, narrow, thin, numerous, and delicate ; while young of a pale yellow, afterwards changing to a greenish-olive colour. They adhere to the stem by a narrow claw. The pileus two or three inches in diameter, deflected round the margin, where it is of a yellow colour, gradually changing to a fine orange, as it approaches the centre, which is a deep orange or scarlet colour. The flesh thick, brittle, and of a pale yellow. Grows in woods about Halifax ; frequent in September and October. (Bolton.) Var. superba, Mass. Pileus 4-5 in. across, convex, obtuse then expanded, even, glabrous, bright deep orange, disc darker ; flesh thin, with a reddish tinge ; stem 4-5 in. long, |- in. or more thick at the apex, even, equal, attenuated near the base, rooting, even, pale orange, stuffed; gills decurrent, crowded, narrow, bright yellow. Agarkus (Flammula) fiisus, Batsch; variety; Cke., Illustr., pi. 434. On the ground. Flammula astragalina. Fr. Pileus 1-2| in. across, fleshy, convex then flattened, obtuse, often flexuous, rather moist in rainy weather, but not viscid, even, smooth, but when young silky round the margin with the very thin, superficial, silky veil, orange- saffron, disc deepest, margin pale ; gills adnate, crowded, 2-3 lines broad, pale yellow, then somewhat ferruginous, margin flocculose when young, flesh firm, black when bruised ; stem 1^-4 in. long, 2-4 lines thick, equal or attenuated downwards, often flexuous, pale yellow or tinged with red, base not much if 136 FUNGUS-FLORA. at all darker, covered more or less with, fibrillose scales, stuffed then hollow. Veil evident, white, appendiculate. Agaricus (Flammula) astragalinus. Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 251 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 169; Cke., Illustr., pi. 435. On pine and fir stumps. Very distinct, exceedingly elegant. Stem elongated, base attenuated, coloured like the pileus. Pileus when rather moist blood-red saffron, then the margin becomes pale, flesh, similar in colour, becoming black when wounded. Gills colour of the base of the pileus ; sjoores dingy ferruginous. (Fries.) Taste nauseous and disagreeable, like Armillaria mellea. A most beautiful species, resembling in colouring Cortinarius cinnabarinus. (Cooke.) Flammula alnicola. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, convex then expanded, obtuse, rather slimy at first but not truly viscid, at first minutely and superficially silky near the margin, yellow then tawny or greenish ; flesh not veiy firm, coloured like the pileus ; gills slightly adnate, 2 lines broad, plane, pale yellow then ferruginous; stem 2-4 in. long, 3-5 lioes thick, nearly equal, base attenuated, usually curved or wavy, fibrillose, yellow then more or less ferruginous ; spores clear ferruginous, elliptical, 9 x 4 /x. Agaricus (Flammula) alnicola, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 250 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 170; Cke., Illustr., tab. 443. On trunks and stumps of various trees. Usually fasci- culate. Smell strong. Pileus yellow then ferruginous, rarely greenish, flesh similarly coloured. Gills sometimes rounded, at others decurrent. Spores pure ferruginous. Veil fibrillose or interwoven. There are two forms — (a) pileus irregular, fibrillose near the margin, gills at first dingy pallid; (6) salicicola, pileus subgibbous, glabrous, rarely at first tloccosely squamulose ; gills at first yellowish-pallid. (Fries.) Flammula flavida. Schaeff. Pileus 1-3 in. across, sometimes more, flesh}', convexo- plane, obtuse, equal, glabrous, moist, not viscid, pale yellow ; flesh white then pale yellow ; gills adnate, 2-3 lines broad, FLAMMULA. 137 not crowded, pale yellowish then ferruginous ; stem 2-4 in. long, 3-5 lines broad, rather flexuous, librillose, pale yellow, base more or less ferruginous, hollow ; veil evident, inter- woven, appendiculate, white, rarely forming an indistinct ring ; spores broadly elliptical, 6-8 X o fx. Agaricus Jlavidus, Schaeffer, t. 35 ; Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 248; Cke., Hdbk., p, 170; Cke., Illuslr., pi. 444. On trunks. Caespiiose. Stem sometimes thickened towards the base, at other times towards the apex. Pileus yellow, almost regular in form ; gills at first whitish, soon yellow ; spores, as in Flammula alnicola, pure ferruginous. (Fries.) Flammula inaurata. W. G. Smith. Pileus |-1 in. across, fleshy, moist, smooth, furnished with a distinct veil ; gills 2 lines or more broad, adnate, with a decurrent tooth, pale yellowish clay-colour; stem about^l in. long, 2 lines thick, incurved, partly hollow, clothed with innate scales. Agaricus (Flammula) inauratus, W, G. Smith, Journ. Bot., voh ii. n. ser. (1873), p. 336; Cke., Hdbk., p. 170; Cke., Illustr., tab. 477. On willows. Taste mild, insipid. Whole plant sulphury-yellow. Allied to F. flavida and F. Junonia. (W. G. S.) Flammula connisans. Fr. Pileus 1-3 in. across, flesh thin, equal, convex then ex- panded, obtuse or sometimes slightly umbilicate, naked, glabrous, moist, slightly viscid, pale yellow tinged with tawny, especially in the centre ; gills adnate, with a decur- rent tooth, closely crowded, thin, 2 lines broad, pallid then brownish clay-colour; stem 2-3 in. high, 2-3 lines thick, often flattened and twisted, equal or attenuated downwards, silky-fibrillose, yellowish-white, with white down at the base, hollow ; veil appendiculate ; spores elliptical, dingy ferruginous, 8 x 4 ft. Agaricus {Flammula) connisans, VviQ^^'Ei-^iGY.^i^. 187; Cke., Hdbk., p. 170 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 445 ? On willow trunks. Densely caespitose. With the habit of H. fascicularis 138 FUNGUS-FLORA. not pulverulent, but covered with the copious ferruginous spores. Stem whifish-yellow, not becoming ferruginous, not rooting, equal or attenuated at the base. Pileus yellow- ish clay- colour, rather vis:cid. (Fries.) Cooke's figure differs in the very bright gills and stem ferruginous below. Flammula inopoda. Fr. Pileus 1-4 in. across, convex then becoming almost plane, obtuse, even, smooth, slightly viscid when moist, honey - coloured tan, or with a reddish tinge, paler round the margin, becoming pale ; flesh thin, coloured like the pileus, white when dry ; gills adnate, thin, crowded, about 2 lines broad, yellowish-white, sometimes with a tinge of green ; stem 3-& long, 1-3 lines thick, flexuous, equal, rooting, adpressedly fibrillose, pale above, reddish-brown below, hollow; spores broadly elliptical, ferruginous-brown, 10 X 6 /x. Agaricus (^FJammula) inojpus, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 251 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 171 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 446. On pine trunks. Caespitose or gregarious; pileus rather viscid in moist weather, honey-clay-colour, becoming pale, margin paler ; flesh similarly coloured, white when dry. Gills sometimes with a pallid greenish tinge, but dry ; spores scanty, dingy ferruginous. (Fries.) Distinguished by the long, tapering, rooting base of the stem. Flammula apicrea. Fr. Pileus lJ-3 in. across, convex then expanded and almost plane, flesh thin, yellow, even, glabrous, moist, dingy orange,, disc darker, margin often splitting ; gills adnate, crowded^ thin, 2 lines broad, shining ferruginous; stem 2-3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal, not rooting, pallid, fibrillose, ferrugi- nous downwards as are also the fibrils, hollow, flesh yellow ; spores ferruginous, elliptical, 7 X 3 /x. Agaricus (Fiammula) apicrea, Fries, Epicr., p. 188 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 171 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 436. On rotten trunks. Eather caespitose. Very similar to Flammula alnicola, but the colour of the gills almost unchangeable, flesh hygrophanous, pileus clay- colour, disc fulvous, becoming pale, smell sweet. (Fries.) FLAMMULA. 139 **** SAPINEI. Flammula hybrida. Fr. Pileus about 2 in. across, hemispherical then expanded,, margin involute, obtuse, regular and symmetrical, glabrous, even, moist, tawny-cinnamon then rich tawny-orange, flesh thin, tawny ; gills adnate, rather crowded, 2 lines broad, yellowish then tawny-ferruginous; stem 2—3 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, usually attenuated upwards, villose then silky, rather striate ; stuifed then hollow, whitish with silky down,, but tawny-orange when the down disappears ; ring present as an annular zone near the apex of the stem, white ; spores elliptical, tawny-ochraceous, 7-8 x -^-5 /x. Agaricus hjhridus, Fries, Obs., ii. p. 30 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 171 ; Cke., lUustr., pi. 615. On stumps and on the ground amongst fragments of wood, &c. Stem hollow, base white and downy. Pileus regular,^ disc compact, at first cinnamon-fulvous, then golden-fulvous, flesh pallid. Spores as in Flammula penetrans, ochraceous. (Fries.) Flammula sapinea. Fr. Pileus 1-3 in. across, fleshy, compact, hemispherical then expanded, very obtuse, slightly flocculoso-squamulose then usually cracked into minute scales, dry, tawny-orange, paler towards the margin ; gills adnate, crowded, 2 lines broad,, plane, yellow then tawny-cinnamon ; stem 1-2 in. high, up to ^ in. thick, solid or hollow, but stout and often irregular, conspicuously fleshy fibrous, not corticated, rooting, yellowish turning brownish when bruised; spores yellowish, elliptical, 8 X 5 /x. Agaricus (Flammula) sapineus. Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 239 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 171; Cke., Illustr., pi. 447? (If the right plant, a very remarkable var., umbonate, stem thin, &c.) On pine woods. Subcaespitose. Stem usually short, solid or hollow, brownish when bruised, often compressed, lacunose, &c. Pileus 1-4 in. across, disc subopaque, margin shining, paler. Flesh thick, but soft and not splitting, yellowish. Smell strong. The yellowish veil scarcely evident. (Fries.) 140 FUNGUS-FLOKA. Var. terrestris. Caespitose, stem fusiformly rooting, elongated. Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 251. Flammula liquiritiae. Pers. Pileus 1-3 in. across, flesh thin, splitting, yellow, convex then becoming expanded and almost plane, rather nrabonate, glabrous, moist, margin at length finely striate, bay -brown or tawny-orange, becoming pale; gills obtusely adnate, rounded behind, 3 lines broad, golden-yellow then tawny- cinnamon, not spotted ; stem about 2 in. long and 2-3 lines thick, attenuated upwards, often unequal and curved, fibrous, striate, at first covered with white silkiness, tawny-fer- ruginous, hollow, tawny-yellow within ; veil absent. Agaricus liqidritiae, Pers., Syn., p. 806 ; Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 251; Cke., Hdbk., p. 172. On fir trunks. Taste sweet, like that of liquorice. (Berk.) Subcaespitose. Stem 2 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, not pruinose nor with a trace of ring, base thickened, villous, tawny- yellow within, pileus 1-3 broad, golden or orange-tawny, at length flaccid, flesh thin, yellow. Smell acid. (Fries.) Flammula picrea. Fr. Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh thin, yellowish, splitting, convex then expanded, obtuse, even, glabrous, tawny-bay or brownish-cinnamon, when old pale and tawny, moist in rainy weather; gills adnate then more or less seceding, crowded. Inline broad, yellowish then ferruginous; stem 2-3 long, about 2 lines thick, slightly thinner upwards, straight, not corticated, pale umber, at first mealy, hollow; veil absent; spores elliptical, yellowish, 8-10 x 5-6 fx. Agaricus {Flammula) picreus, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 239 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 172 ; Cke., Hlustr., pi. 448. On pine stumps, deal boards, &c. Subcaespitose. Stem easily compressed, sometimes silky and pale, but darker when bruised. Pileus when moist rufous or bay-cinnamon, becoming pale, tawny, &c., half an inch across, flesh same colour. Gills sometimes almost de- current. Varies with the pileus campanulate, stem slender, straight, equal ; also pileus cracked into papillae, disc rather squamulose. (Fries.) FLAMMULA. 141 Flammula nitens. Cke. & Mass. Caespitose. Pileus 1-1^ in. across, hemispherical, obtus&, shining, dry, somewhat silky, dark purple-brown, not becoming pale; gills adnate, crowded, 2—3 lines broad^ margin entire, pallid then umber; stem 2-3 in. long, 4-5 lines thick, equal, fibrillose, incurved, pale pinkish-brown, solid; spores almond-shaped, 10 x o-6 fx. Agaricus (^Flammula) nitens, Cooke & Massee, Grev., vol. xviii. p. 52 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 375 ; Cke., Illustr. SuppL, pi. 1154. On the ground. Caespitose. Readily known by the distinct colour of the pileus and the stout, solid stem. ***** SERICELLI. Flammula ochrochlora. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, fleshy, convex then expanded, obtusely umbonate, dry, silky, minutely squamulose, greenish straw- colour then pallid; flesh white then greenish; gi] Is adnate, crowded, 1-1^ lines broad, whitish then green, at length olive; stem 2 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, hollow, attenuated upwards, often curved and flexuous, scaly and also with whitish flocci, thin, within and at the base, ferruginous ; veil evident in the young stage (of the HypJioloma type), w^hite; spores elliptical, clear, ferruginous, 8 x 4 /x. Agaricus {Flammula) oclirochlorus. Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 301 ; Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 252 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 172 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 616. On old trunks, furze roots, &c. Caespitose. Stature and habit of HypJioloma fasciciilaris,. but distinguished by the clear ferruginous spores. (Fries.) riammula helomorpha. Fr. Pileus |-1 in. across, rather fleshy, convex then expanded, unequal, gibbous, viscid, dry, minutely silky, margin thin, unequal, incurved, white; gills adnato-decurrent, crowded, 1-1 -J line broad, white then tan-colour; stem 1 in. long, 2 lines thick, unequal, curved, ascending, even, almost glabrous, whitish, solid; veil absent; spores elliptical, tan-colour, 10 X 6 /x. 142 FUNGUS-FLOKA, Agaricus (Flanmmlci) Jielomorphus, Fnes, Epicr., p. 184; Cke., Hdbk., p. 172 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 449a. On the ground in pine woods, Szg. Scattered. Pileus often obtusely umbonate, stem sometimes slightly thinner downwards, rather silky above under a lens; distinguished by its small size and white colour. Flammula scamha, its nearest ally, is known by the flocculose stem which eventually becomes tinged with tawny. Flammula scam.ba. Fr. Pileus j-li" in« across, rather fleshy, convex then plane and more or less depressed, viscid in wet weather, floccosely villose, dingy white ; gills adnato-decurrent, crowded, some- what wavy, 2 lines broad, pale j^ellowish clay-colour ; stem 1-1 J in. long, 1 line or more thick, incurved, flocculose, white, usually thinner downwards, partly stuffed ; spores elliptical, yellowish, 10-12 x o-6 fx. Agaricus (Flammula) scamhus, Fries, Obs., ii. p. 45 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 172 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 449b. In pine woods, on larch and on the ground. Gregarious, tough, variable in form, pileus sometimes convex and umbonate, stem becoming ferruginous down- wards, and the pileus tinged pale dingy ochraceous. Flammula filicea. Cooke. Pileus |-li in. across, flesh thin, convex then plane or slightly depressed, minutely squamuloso-fibrillose, deep yel- low, tawny-orange in the centre ; gills adnate, crowded, about 1^^^ line broad, sulphur-yellow, at length tawny cinna- mon; stem l|-2 in. long, 1^ line thick, equal, even, almost smooth, sulj)hur-5'ellow, base often tawny, hollow ; veil adhering to the stem and the margin of the pileus in reddish, fugacious fraojnients. Agaricus (Flammula) filiceiis, Cke., Seem., Journ. Bot. (1863), p. 66, t. 3, f. 1 ; Clce., Hdbk., p. 173; Cke., Illustr., pi. 450. On old tree-fern stems. In all probability an introduced species. Piemarkable for the sulphur-yellow colour of every part, flesh also. Flammula purpurata. Cke. & Mass. (fig. 15, p. 3.) Pileus 1-2 in. acfoss, fleshy, convex then expanded, ob- GALERA. 143 tusely umbonate, purple or purple-brown, clad with minute, persistent small squamules of the same colour, diy, not becoming pale ; gills adnate, somewhat rounded behind, not crowded, lemon-yellow, at length bright ferruginous, narrow; stem 1-2 in. long, curved, ascending, equal, smooth and pallid above, purplish and granulose downwards, solid, flesli yellow towards the apex, purplish below ; ring imperfect, fibrillose ; spores elliptical, ferruginous, 8 X 5 /x. Agaricus {Flammuld) piuyuratus, Cooke & Massee, Grev., vol. xviii. p. 73 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 375 ; Cke., lUustr., pi. 964. On tree-fern stems. Taste very bitter. Flesh of pileus thick, tinged with purple. Probably an imported species. GALEEA. Fries, (figs. 5, 6, p. 3.) Pileus more or less membranaceous, conical or oval then expanded, striate, margin at first straight and adpressed to the stem ; stem central, somewhat cartilaginous, tubular ; gills adnate or slightly adnexed and becoming almost free, .sometimes with a slight decurrent tooth, but never truly decuirent ; spores elliptical, smooth, tawny-ochraceous. Galera, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 264 (as a subgenus of Agaricus); Cke., Hdbk., p. 183. The genus is most nearly allied 'to Naucoria, but dis- tinguished by the thin, striate pileus, having the margin straight and adpressed to the stem when young. Mostly slender, small, and fragile. A remarkably natural group. Corresponding to Mycena and Nolanea, but readily distinguished by the rusty-ochra- ceous spores. From other groups of the Dermini (Ochro- sporae), distinguished by the hollow, cartilaginous stem, and the more or less campanulate pileus having the margin straight and adpressed to the stem at first. Yeil evident in some species, but fugacious, fibrillose, in others quite absent. Species not very numerous, generally autumnal, for the most part terrestrial, slender, fragile. (Fries.) 144 FUNGUS-FLORA. ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES. f COXOCEPHALI. Pileus conico-campanTilate, hygropbanous, almost even, at ornate when dry ; stem straight ; gills ascending, rather crowded ; veil absent. •ft Bryogeni. Pileus memhranaceons, campannlate, striate, glabrous, bygrophanous, even when dry, opaque, and somewhat silky; stem slender, lax, iiot perfectly stiaight; gills broad, adnate with a small decurrent tooth; slender, growing among moss; veil very fugacious. Iff Eriodermei. Pileus submembranaceous, veil evident, superficial, dis- appearing, at first silky or squamulose, especially near the margin. f COKOCEPHALI. Galera lateritia. Fr. '"■ Pileus 1 in. or more high, somewhat cylindrical then cam- pannlate or conical, obtuse, bygrophanous, pale yellowish and the margin faintly striate, even and whitish ecbre when dry, membranaceous ; gills adnexed, nearly free, very narrow, crowded, tawny-ferruginous ; stem 3-4 in. long, 1^ line thick, slightly thinner upwards, straight, fragile, whitish, frosted with white meal, hollow; spores 11-12 X 5-6 /x. Agaricus (Galera^ laieritiiis, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 265 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 183; Cke., Illustr., pi. 460. In rich pastures, &c. Allied to G. ovalis, but clearly distinguished by the narrow, ascending gills. Very fragile. Galera tenera. Schaeff. figs. 5, 6, p. 8.) Pileus ^-| in. high and broad, thin, conico-campanulate„ obtuse, bygrophanous, entirely pale ferruginous when moist. GALERA. 145 even, pale, and rather atomate when dry ; gills adnate, crowded, ascending, rather broad, cinnamon ; stem 3-4 in. long, 1-lJ line thick, fragile, equal or slightly thinner up- wards, straight, rather shining, striate above, colours like the pileus ; spores 1 2-1 3 X 7 ^u. Agaricus tener, Schaeff., t. 70, f. 6-8 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 183 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 461. Amongst grass. Size very variable, all one colour when moist ; the pileus is slightly striate when moist ; even and pale, as is also the stem when dry. Differs from G, later itia in the coloured stem and broad gills. Var. pillosella, Pers. Pileus and stem covered with short, scattered pubescence when moist. Cke., Illustr., pi. 461. Galera siliginea. Fr. Pileus about I in. across, globosely campanulate, then ex- panded, unequal, even, greyish, not becoming pale; gills adnate, narrow, rather crowded, ochraceous ; stem rather wavy, equal, pallid, somewhat pruinose. Agaricus (Galera) siligineus, Fries, Obs., ii. p. 168 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 876 (excl. fig. quoted). Under ferns, &c., in damp shady places. Stem fistulose, 2-3 in. long, 1 line thick, cylindrical, rather firm, yellow, not striate nor villose, but slightly powdered everywhere with white meal, stem sometimes fragile. Pileus membrana- ceous, campanulate then expanded and somewhat convex, striate, glabrous, dry, rather fragile; 3-4 lines high and broad, yellowish-ochre. Flesh very thin, coloured like the pileus. Gills rounded, adnexed, distinct, not distant, watery yellow. (Fries.) The above is Fries' description in Obs., ii. p. 168, which •does not quite agree with his later one in Hym. Eur., p. 267, where he says : Separated from all others by the pallid stem, not straight, and often attenuate at the base, pileus some- what greyish, unusually convex, margin often flexuous. Galera campanulata. Mass. Pileus J-f in. broad and high, persistently campanulate, subacute, even, hygrophanous, deep cinnamon when moist, islightly rugulose, almost white, and atomate when dry; VOL. II. L 146 FUNGUS-FLORA. flesli tliin, -wliite when dry; gills adnate, rather crowded^ about 1 line broad, tawny -cinnamon ; stem about 2 in. long, not 1 line thick, equal or slightly incrassated. at the base, ilexuous, almost glabrous, even, pallid, base darker, whitish when dry, minutely hollow; spores elliptical, ends rather acute, 12 x 7 /x. Agaricus (^Galera) s{ligineus,YTies, in Cke., Illustr., pi. 1156. Smell strong. Gregarious on road scrapings and. in dry places by road sides, &c. The pileus and stem become nearly or sometimes quite white when dry. Cooke at one time considered this species as a form of Galera siliginea, and figured it under this name, adding in the Hdbk., p. 376 : The variety figured turns pale when dry, thus differing from the type. Galera ovalis. Fr. Pileus 1 in. high, 1-1^ in. across, almost membranaceous^ ovate-campanulate, even, hygrophanous, ferruginous when moist, yellowish when dry ; margin straight and adpressed. to the stem ; gills almost free, very ventricose, broad, crowded, ferruginous, somewhat deliquescent ; stem 3-4 in. long. In- line thick, equal, straight, slightly striate, coloured like the pileus, hollow; spores elliptical, 10 X 6 /a. Agaricus (Galera) ovalis. Fries, Svst. Myc, i. p. 389; Cke.^ Illustr., pi. 462 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 184. On dung and amongst grass. Agreeing in colour with G. tenera, but larger in every part, and also differs in the partial veil, which, though very fugacious, often forms an imperfect ring in the young state. Distinguished from G. lateritia in the coloured stem. Galera antipoda. Lasch. Pileus ^-1 in. across, disc slightly prominent and fleshy, remainder thin, campanulate-convex, even, hygrophanous, deep ochraceous when moist, almost white and atomate when dry; gills almost free, narrowed behind, crowded, narrow, lanceolate, yellowish, ochraceous ; stem about 1 in. long, straight, 1 line thick, rather bulbous at the base, and con- tinued as a long tapering root, -psile ochraceous, mealy, striate; spores elliptical, 15-16 x 8 ^. Agaricus antipus, Lasch, n. 401 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 184 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 463a. GALEKA. 147 On dung and on the ground. Readily known by the long, tapering rooting base of the stem. Galera conferta. Bolton. Densely crowded ; pileus i-J in. across, thin, conico-cam- panulate, striate, hygrophanous, fuscons when moist, ochra- ceons or w^hitish with the disc only coloured when dry ; gills slightly adnexed, rather distant, 1 line or more broad, white, then pale ochraceous-brown ; stem 1-2 in. long, np to 1 line thick, silky, shining, naked, w^hitish, with a long, equal, rooting base. Agaricus confertus, Bolton, Fung. Halifax, p. 41, t. 41 ; (drawn in the dry stage); Cke., Hdbk., p. 181; Cke., illustr., pi 46oi5. (Copied from Bolton.) In stoves. Very much crowded and very fragile. Not seen since Bolton's time. Galera spartea. Fr. Pilens ^-§ in. across, flesh very thin, campanulato-convex then expanded, obtuse, hygrophanous, watery ferruginous and pellucidly striate when moist, pale tan and even when dry; gills broadly adnate, crowded, plane, about 1 line broad, dark cinnamon; stem 1-2 in. long, scarcely 1 line thick, minutely hollow, smooth, polished, rigid, cinnamon above, darker below, straight. Agaricus (Galera) sparteus. Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 266; Cke., Hdbk., p. 184; Cke., Hlustr., pi. 48 U. Agaricus atro-rufus, Bolton, pi. 51, f. 1. Amongst grass, moss, &c. Very brittle, gregarious. Somewhat resembling G. fenera, but smaller, and having the pileus more expanded at maturity, and the stem, although straight, is flexile or in- clined to form a very slight, long curve, but not flexuous, i.e., with short repeated curves. Galera pygmaeo-affinis. Fr. Pileus 1-1^ in. across, almost membranaceous, campanulate then expanded, dry, not striate, but slightly corrugated in a reticulate manner, brownish or honey- coloured tan ; gills slightly adnexed, almost free, crowded, thin, very narrow, margin quite entire, tan-colour when young, rusty-ochre L 2 148 FUNGUS-FLOEA. when adult; stem 2-3 in. long, 1 line thick, hollow, fragile, remarkably equal, white, apex slightly mealy when young; veil almost obsolete. Agaricus (Galera) pygmaeo-affims, Fries, Monogr., i. p. 389 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 481b; Cke., Hdbk., p. 184. Among grass, &c. Allied to G. ravida, but distinct in the crowded gills, &c. Possibly a tall state of Naucoria pygmaea, with which it was at one time joined ; but the general features are those of Galera rather than Naucoria. (Fries.) tt BRYOGENI. Galera vittaeformis. Fr. Pileus J,-l in. across, membranaceous, conical then hemi- spherical," obtuse, disc even, margin striate, glabrous, bay when moist; gills adnate, rather broad, somewhat ascend- ing, rather distant, at first watery-cinnamon then ferru- ginous ; stem lJ-3 in. long, up to 1 line thick, nearly straight, equal, glabrous or sometimes downy, minutely striate under a lens, opaque, reddish ; veil hardly evident ; spores elliptical, 12 x 6 /x. Agaricus (Galera) vittaeformis. Fries, Epicr., p. 294 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 185; Cke., Illustr., pi. 464a. On the ground among grass, &c. There is a smaller form having the pileus papillate, gills narrow, and stem paler. (Fries.) Galera rubiginosa. Pers. Pileus ^-}j in. across, membranaceous, campanulate, obtuse, everywhere striate, glabrous, honey-colour when moist, even and pale tan when dry ; gills adnate, ascending, rather broad, distant, ochraceous; stem about 2 in. long, very slender, tough, flaccid, glabrous, shining, bay or dark ferru- ginous, hollow; spores elliptical, 10 x 5 /x. Agaricus (Galera) ruhiginosus, Pers., Syn., p. 385; Cke., Hdbk., p. 185; Cke., Illustr., pi. 464b. In pastures and woods, among moss, &g. The stem is sometimes downy under a lens, and when growing among high moss becomes elongated and straighter. (Fries.) GALERA. 149 Galera hypnorum. Batscli. Pileus up to h in. across, membranaceous, campanulato then convex, often with a juipillate nnibo, sometimes obtuse, finely striate except the disc, yellowish-ochre or watery- cinnamon, tan-colour when dry; gills adnate, broad, ven- tricose, distant, usually connected by veins, tawny-cinnamon, margin flocculose ; stem about 2 in. long, flexuous, glabrous but mealy at the apex, sometimes rigid, rather tawnj^ some- times very slender, citron or ochraceous, hollow; spores elliptical, 10 x 6 /x. Agariciis hypnorum, Batsch, f. 26; Cke., Ildbk., p. 185; Cke., Illustr., pi. 4G5a. Among moss. Small, slender, form variable. Var. sphagnorum, Fries, Monogr.,i. p. 394; Cke., Hdbk., p. 186 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 465b. About three times the size of the typical form; stem longer and firmer, fibrillose, tawny ; pileus up to 1 in. across, paler. Among sphagnum. Var. bryorum, Pers., Syn., p. 385; Cke., Hdbk., p. 185. Larger than the type, watery-cinnamon, pileus papillate. Among moss. Galera mniophila. Lasch. Pileus about -| in. high and h in. across, campanulate, somewhat papillate, striate, yellowish-fuscous ; gills adnate, ascending, broad, rather distant, yellowish-ochre ; stem 2-3 in. long, 1 line or more thick, equal, slightly wavy, yellow, apex mealy ; spores bluntly elliptical, 14 x 6 /x. Agaricus mniopliilus, Lasch, n. 410; Cke., Hdbk., p. 186; Cke., Illustr., pi. 466a. Among moss. Stem stouter than in allied small species, fibrillose, disc of pileus even, when dry tan-colour. Galera minuta. Quelet. Pileus 1-2 lines across, very thin, campanulate, striate, pale tawny-bistre, very tender; gills adnate, arcuate, as broad as long, moderately crowded, yellowish then tan. 150 FUXGUS-FLORA. margin pale ; stem ^-|- in. long, hair-like, smooth., tawny, shining, woolly and white at the base ; spores elliptical, 6 X 4/x. Agaricus (^Galera) minidus, Quel., Jura, iii. 10, t. 1, f. 5 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. -AGGb; Cke!, Hdbk., p. 186. On decayed wood. Eeadily distinguished by its small size. ttt ERIODEEMEI. Galera ravida. Fr. Pileus -h-lh in. across, almost membranaceous at first campanulate then hemispherical, even, moist, very slightly viscid, truly hygro^^hanous, rather silky when dry, colour greyish, the margin when young more or less fringed with tooth-like fragments of the white veil ; stem about 1| in. long, about 1 line tliick, equal, hollow, very fragile, ascending or twisted, pallid or with a yellow tinge, but silvery shining, fibrillosely striate, apex slightly mealy ; gills almost free, broad, ventricose, distant, saifron-ochre or yellowish. Agaricus (^Galera) ravidus, Fries, Epicr., ]). 20-1; Cke., Hdbk., p. 186 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 467a. On rotten wood, or on the ground among chips, &c. Gregarious. Fragile. Pile as dingy ochraceous and some- what silky when dry. Stem often rather twisted. Galera mycenopsis. Fr. Pileus up to I in. across, flesh very thin, campanulate then expanded, disc even, striate to the middle, at first white and silky near the margin from the veil, pale ochraceous ; gills adnexed, seceding, ventricose, 1|- line broad, rather distant, whitish then pale ochraceous ; stem 3-4 in. long, attenuated, with a white silkiness, hollow. Agaricus mycenopsis, Fries, Obs., ii. p. 38 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 186 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 467b. In marshy ground amongst sphagnum, &c. Stem soft, 2-4 in. long, generally undulated, yellowish with an evanescent silky down, fibrillosely striate, apex pruinose. Pileus ochraceous becoming jiale, 3-10 lines broad, glabrous when adult, not viscid nor depressed. (Fries.) NAUCORIA. 151 NAUCOEIA. Fries, (figs. 8, 9, p. 3.) Pileus more or less fleshy, conical, or convex then ex- panded and becoming flattened, margin at first incurved : stem central, cartilaginous, hollow or spongy inside; gills free, adnexed, or adnate, not decurrent; veil fugacious, squamulose, or absent. Naucoria (as a subgenus of Agaricus), Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 260; Cke., Hdbk., jd. 173. The species are mostly small and usually of a brownish colour, growing on the ground among grass, rarely on wood. Naucoria is most nearly allied to Galera, but distinguished by the pileus being more fleshy, and not striate, and more especially in the margin being incurved when young, this last character, however, is rather indistinct in a few species, as N. cucumis, N. cidaris, and N. haclipes, nevertheless the sum of characters retain these species in the present genus. Naucoria agrees morphologically with Leptonia and Colhjhia. The species included under the present tribe are very variable amongst themselves, but all agree in the following characters. Spores ferruginous ; stem cartilaginous ; t\i*i more or less fleshy pileus having the margin at first incurved. (Fries.) ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES. f Gymnoti. Pileus glabrous ; veil absent ; spores ferruginous, not ferruginous-brown . * Gills free or slightly adnexed. ** Gills adnate ; pileus convexo-plane. *** Gills adnate ; pileus campanulate then expanded. ff Phaeoti. Pileus naked; gills and spores ferruginous-brown; veil not conspicuous. 152 FUNGUS-FLORA. * Pediadei ; growing in fields and pastures. ** Scorpioidei ; growing in woods and damp, uncultivated places. ffl Lepidoti. (Typical species.^ Pileus flocculose or squamulose ; veil evident ; spores ferruginous. * Scales of pileus superficial, disappearing. ** Pileus innately (persistently) squamulose. *** Pileus destitute of squamules, but silkily atomate^ t GYMNOTI. * Gills free or sligJitly adnexed, Naucoria lugubris. Fr. Pileus lJ-3 in. across, fleshy, campanulate tlien expanded, undulate, gibbous, even, smooth, pallid then ferruginous, sometimes bay at the disc ; flesh white ; gills free, ventricose, very broad behind, narrow in front, crowded, pallid then ferruginous, margin usually serrated; stem 3-4 in. long, 3-5 lines thick, rigid, smooth, fusiformly-rooting, externally remarkably cartilaginous, pallid becoming ferruginous below, hollow ; spores pip-shaped, 7 X 4 /a. Agaricus (Naucoria) liiguhris, Fries, Syst. Mj'c, i. p. 254; Cke., Hdbk., p. 173 , Ck'e., Illustr., pi. 1187. On the ground amongst grass, &c. Stem 4 in. long, 4 lines thick, base at length reddish. Pileus 3 in. broad, now and then tenaciously viscid. A remarkable form occurs in pine woods with the pileus buUate, disc bay, stem short (2 in.). (Fries.) Naucoria festiva. Fr. Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh thin except at the apex, convex, rather gibbous, even, glutinous, usually brownish- NAUCORIA. 153 olive, dirty pale ochraceons when dry ; gills free, ventricose, crowded, about 2 lines broad, pale becoming ferruginous; stem 2-3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal, attenuated and rooting at the base, smooth, even, usually whitish, but some- times variously coloured, hollow; spores elliptical, pale ferruginous, 12 X 6 /x. Agaricus (Naucoria) /estiva. Fries, Epicr., p. 192; Cke., Hdbk., p. 173; Cke., lllustr., Suppl., pi. 969. Amongst grass. A very fine species, but from the variable colours difficult to define. Stem 2 in. long, 2-4 lines thick if equal, but varying, ventricose and'compressed, violet, rufous, &c. Pileus. 1-2 in. broad, straw-colour with an olive tinge when dry, bay, rufous, &c. Gills at first white then olive or yellowiah or rufous-blood-red. (Fries.) Naucoria obtusa. Cke. & Mass. Pileus about 1 in. broad and high, campanulato-convex, very obtuse, faintly striate at the margin, rufous or orange- tawny, becoming pale; broadly adnate, with a slight de- current tooth, 2-3 lines broad, ventricose, cinnamon, margin serrate ; stem about 2 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal, even, yellowish flesh-colour or pale cinnamon, darker within, espe- cially at the base, hollow ; spores elliptical, 7-8 X 4 /x. Agaricus (^Naucoria) ohtusus, Cke. & Massee, Grev., xviii. p. 52; Cke., lllustr., pi. 1155. On the ground. There is no trace of a veil. Known amongst the large,, broad-gilled species of Naucoria by the broadl}^ adnate, serrate gills. The same features, along with the shorter and thicker stem, separates the present species from Galera ovalis, which it somewhat resembles in size and general appearance. Naucoria hamadryas. Fr. Pileus 1|— 2 in, across, flesh thin, convex then expanded, gibbous, even, ferruginous-bay, when old and dry yellowish ; gills slightly adnexed, narrowed behind, about 2 lines broad, crowded, opaque, ferruginous; stem 2-3 in. long, 3 lines thick, equal, fragile, glabrous, pallid, hollow; veil absent;, spores elliptical, ferruginous, 13-14 X 7 /x. 154 FUNGUS-FLOKA. Agaricus (Naucoria) hamadrijas, Fries, Monogr., i. p. 366 ; Fries, Icon., 1. 121, f. 3; Cke., Hdbk., p. 174; Cke., Illustr., SujDpl., pi. 965. On the ground under trees, &c. Hygroplianous. Naucoria cidaris. Fr. Pileus about 1 in. broad and high, flesh thin, conical then campanulate, even, margin slightly striate, more or less un- dulated, cinnamon-tan, tan-colour when dry ; gills adfixed then seceding, crowded, ventricose, ascending, honey-colour; stem about Ij in. long, attenuated downwards, 2-3 lines thick at the apex, blackish-brown, hollow. Agaricus {Naucoria) cidaris. Fries, Epicr., p. 192 ; Cke., p. 174 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 451. On the ground in pine woods, round trunks, &c. Stem often compressed and flexuous, tough, allied to Naucoria ciicumis, but distinguished by the absence of a strong smell, as in the last-named species. A smaller, more elegant form, with the pileus tawny-cinnamon, stem straight, and gills crowded. Naucoria cucumis. Pers. Pileus §-1 in. across, rather fleshy, broadly campanulate, obtuse, glabrous, even, bay-brown when moist, fawn-colour or tan when dry; gills adnexed, ventricose, pale then saffron-colour, crowded; stem firm, 1-2 in. long, 1^ line thick, attenuated downwards, stuffed below, hollow above, bay or blackish-brown, paler and slightly pruinose upwards. Agaricus {Naucoria^ cucumis, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 255 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 174; Cke., Illustr., pi. 452. Agaricus cucumis, Pers., Syn., p. 319. On the ground amongst fragments of wood, sawdust, &c. Distinguished by the strong smell of cucumber. The dark colour of the pileus disappears at the margin first on. drying. Naucoria anguinea. Fr. Pileus 1^-2 in. across, rather fleshy, campanulate then convex, gibbous, even, yellowish-tan colour, when young with a silky zone near the margin, the remains of the white, fibrillose veil ; gills nearly free, crowded, linear, pale yellow then ferruginous ; stem 2-3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, slightly NAUCOEIA. 155 thickened at tlie base, rather wav}^ brownish, densely covered with white fibrils, silky-spotted when dry. Agaricus (Naucoria) anguineus. Fries, Epicr., p. 193; Cke., Hdbk., p. 174; Cke., Illustr., p. 455. On the ground. Allied to N. cucumis, but distinguished b}" being more robust, larger, absence of cucumber-like smell, and by the jDresence of the veil near the edge of the pileus. Naucoria centuncula. Fr. Pileus ^,—1 in. across, rather fleshy, often excentric, convexo-plane, obtuse, even, dr^^ lurid-greenish, then yel- lowish-green, becoming pale, but not hygrophanous ; gills adnate but soon separating from the stem, broad, thickish, greyish-yellow, margin minutely toothed with greenish-yel- low flocci ; stem about 1 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, almost equal, usually, from the position, curved, yellowish-grey, powdery above, with white down at the base, hollow. Agaricus (^Naucoria) centunculiis, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 262 ; •Cke., Hdbk., p. 174; Cke., Illustr., pL 601a. On rotten wood. Gregarious, sometimes rather caespitose, firm, tough, veil absent, colour more or less green. Naucoria horizontalis. Bull. Pileus ^§- in. across, fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, even, pale cinnamon; gills rounded behind, almost free, broad, rather distant, plane, cinnamon ; stem J— | in. long, 1 line thick, solid, smooth, incurved, pale cinnamon. Agaricus horizontalis, Bulliard, t. 324 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 175; Cke., Hlustr., pi. 601b. On trunks of elm, &c. Gregarious, growing horizontally, every part cinnamon. Naucoria semiflexa. B. & Br. Pileus up to J in. across, convexo-plane, chestnut-colour, margin fringed with a delicate white, silky veil, hj-gro- phanous ; gills adnexed, rather broad and distant, brownish ; stem ^-J in. long, incurved, pale, solid ; flesh white, as is also that of the pileus ; spores elliptical, amber, rather coarsely warted, 8 x 5 /a. 156 FUNGUS-FLOE A. Agaricus (Naiicoria) semiJiexiis,'B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 1246; Cke., Hdbk., p. 175; Cke., Illustr., pi. 509a. On wood and on the ground. A small, gregarious species, distinguished hj the dark- brown pileus that is white and silky near the margin from the veil, and the rough spores. Naucoria rimulincola. Rabh. Pileus about ^ in. across, convex, umbilicate, margin plicate, rugulosely-tomentose, pale cinnamon; gills adnexed, rather distant, thick, very broad in proportion, pale cinna- mon ; stem more or less excentric, incurved, pale, solid, about J in. long; spores 10 X 5, cinnamon. Agaricus (^Naucoria) rimulincola, Eabenh., exs. Fung. Eur., n. 1511; Flora, 1851, p. 505; Cke., Hdbk., p. 175; Cke., Illustr., pi. 509b. On twigs, &c. Distinguished by the coarsely-plicate pileus and the broad, distant gills. ** Gills adnate, pileus convexo-;plane. Naucoria abstrusa. Fr. Pileus §-1 in. across, convex then flattened, orbicular, even, smooth, viscid, ferruginous-tan; flesh dingy, very thin at the margin; gills adnate, crowded, lolane, cinnamon or dilute ferruginous ; stem 1-1 J in. long, 1-2 lines thick, equal, straight, polished, naked, even, pale ferruginous, darker at the base, hollow; spores elliptical, smooth, 10 X 5 /x. Agaricus (Naucoria) ahstrusus, Fries, Epicr., p. 194 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 175; Cke., Illustr., pi. 456. On leaf-soil, sawdust, &c. Stem distinctly cartilaginous, tough. N. sideroides some- what resembles the present, but grows on wood. N. meli- noides has the margin of the pileus striate. Naucoria innocua. Lasch. Pileus about 1 in. across, rather fleshy, convex, obtuse, almost glabrous, striate, reddish-brown, becoming pale; gills adnate, rather crowded, narrow, yellowish-ochre ; stem about 1 in. long, and 2 lines thick, paler than the pileus, whitish- NAUCORIA. 157 fibrillose, woolly at the base, stuffed; spores elliptical, 10- 11 X 4-5 ^. Agaricus (Naucoria) innocuus, Lascli, n. 398 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 489a; Cke., Hdbk., p. 176. On damp ground. Naucoria cerodes. Fr. Pileus 3-15^ in. across, campanulato-convex then expanded, obtuse, at length depressed, orbicular, smooth, even, hygro- phanous, watery cinnamon when moist, silky and wax-colour when dry ; gills adnate, separating from the stem, broad, cinnamon-colour, rather distant; stem l|-2i- in. long, 2 lines thick, equal, naked, yellowish, base ferruginous, hollow ; spores elliptical, smooth, 6 X 3 /x. Agaricus (Naucoria) cerodes, Fries, Epicr., p. 195; Cke., Hdbk., p. 176 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 489b. Amongst grass ; on burnt soil, &c. Gregarious. Margin of pileus sometimes slightly pellucidly striate when moist. Resembling in colour Galera liypnorum ; the latter, however, differs in the umbonate pileus, broader gills, and longer stem. Naucoria melinoides. Fr. Pileus ^-1 in. across, convex then almost plane, slightly gibbous, even, glabrous, tawny when moist, ochraceous when dry, slightly striate at the margin w^hen old ; gills adnate, triangular-oblong, crowded, margin minutely dentate, some- what tawny or honey-colour; stem about Ij in. long, 1 line or more thick, equal or slightly thinner upwards, coloured like the pileus, base paler, sprinkled with white meal at the apex, hollow, rather firm ; spores elliptical, 10-12 x 4-5 jx. Agaricus (Naucoria) melinoides. Fries, Epicr., p. 195; Cke., Hdbk., p. 176; Cke., Hlustr., pi. 457a. Amongst grass on lawns, &c. Pileus 2 lines to 1 in. broad, submembranaceous, umbonate, when moist tawny, margin pellucid, ochraceous or whitish when dry. Gills very variable, adnexed or broadly adnate, ventricose, at first paler than the pileus, at length cinnamon. Stem 1-2 in. high, scarce 1 line thick, fistulose above, sub- pruinose, thickened below and downy, changing colour. The gills remain bright. (Berk.) ] 58 ruxGrs-FLOEA. Naucoria pusiola. Fr. Pileus about I in. across, rather fleshy, hemispherical theu ex^^anded, obtuse, even, smooth, rather viscid, yellow, not hygrophanous ; gills adnate, broad, crowded, plane, pallid then cinnamon ; stem about 1 in. long, not 1 line thick, tough, glabrous, yellow, shining, slightly viscid ; spores elliptical, 8 X 4 /x. Agariciis (Naucoria) ^^usiohis, Fries, Epicr., p. 195; Cke., Hdbk., p. 170 ; Cke., lUustr., pi. 457b? Amongst grass, moss, &c. Somewhat variable, but always small, and readily dis- tinguished by the yellow pileus and stem being slightly viscid. It is doubtful whether the figure given by Cooke and quoted above, represents the present species, as pileus, stem, and flesh are represented of a uniform, pale reddish-brown ; gills tawny, subdecurrent. *** Gills adnate, inleiis camixmidate, then expanded. Naucoria nucea. Bolton. Pileus i-f in, across, flesh very thin, almost globose, umbilicate, often punctate, margin more or less lobed, in- curved, pale chestnut ; gills narrowed behind, adnate, ascending, rather crisped, cinnamon ; stem about 3 in. long, 1 J lines thick, silky -fibrillose, white ; spores elliptical, base apiculate, 10-11 x 6 jx. Agariciis nuceus, Bolton, Hist. Fung. Halifax, p. 70, t. 70 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 176; Cke., Illustr., pi. 490a (copied from Bolton). On the ground amongst firs, &c. The root is a hard tubercle, furnished with fibres of a mouldy grey colour. The stem is upright, fistular, of a pale dead white, and about the thickness of a crow's quill near the root, growing gradually smaller upwards ; the height is about four inches, the substance thin, tender, and easily splitting in small shining filaments. The gills are arranged in three series ; they are broad and thin, gently waved on the edges, and touch not the stem with their base ; the substance is thin and delicate, and the colour a pale pretty brown. NAUCORIA. 159 The pilens the size and colour of a Spanish hazel-nut; the top umbilicated, the margin lobed and very much lulled in, so as to touch the stem, or even to pass by it ; the opposite lobes pressing against it, or lying over each other. It is destitute of flesh, of a dry, pliable substance, and a smooth, dry, silky shining surface. (Bolton.) Naucoria glandiformis. W. G. Sm. Pileus about 1 in. high and broad, at hrst obtusely cam- panulate, becoming somewhat hemispherical, or filbert- shaped, nut-brown, smooth, even ; gills very broad, h in. and more, rounded behind, adnexed, umber ; stem 3-4 in. long, 2 lines thick, even, erect, equal, pallid, sometimes twisted, stuffed then hollow; spores broadly almond-shaped, 10-12 X 6-Sfji. Agariciis (Naucoria) fjl and if or mis, W. G. Smith, Grev., xiii. p. 59; Cke., Hdhk., p. 177; Cke., Illustr., pi. 490b. On the ground. Eeadily know^n by the very broad, rusty-umber gills and the dark, campanulate pileus. Naucoria badipes. Fr. Pileus 7^-| in. across, submembranaceous, campanulate then convex, slightly umbonate, glabrous, pellucidly striate up to the umbo, yellowish rusty, pale tan when dry ; gills adnate, ventricose, about 1 line broad, rather distant, yellowish rust- colour ; stem 2-3 in. long, 1 J line thick, hollow, equal, rigid, ferruginous, variegated up to the middle with white, fibril- lose squamules ; spores elliptical, 10 x 5 /t. Agaricus (Naucoria) hadipes, Fries, Epicr., p. 196 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 177 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 491a. On the ground in damp places. Stem 2-3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, somewhat flexuous, paler above the middle, even, naked, base fuscous. Pileus 4-6 lines broad, gilvous-ferruginous when moist, even and tan-colour when dry, margin almost straight. Eesembles a Galera, but distinguished by the squamules of the veil on the stem. (Fries.) Naucoria hydrophila. Mass. Pileus J-l| in. across, campanulate then slightly expanded, acutely umbonate, glabrous, margin striate when moist, pale 1130 FUNGUS-FLOKA. ochraceous-tan with a distinct tinge of green here and there ; ilesh very thin, greenish; gills adnexed, rather crowded, IJ line broad, pallid then brownish, margin pale; stem 1:^^—2 in. long, 1 line thick, equal, flexnons, smooth, even, with red and green tints, hollow; spores elliptical, brown, 13-14 X 6-7 fji. Agaricus (Naucoria) nasutus, Kalchbr., Cke., Hdbk., p. 376 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1172a. In swampy places under trees. Gregarious. The present species was referred by Cooke to Ag. nasutus^ Kalchbrenner, an Australian fungus, from which, liowever, it is perfectly distinct, neither is it referable to any •other known species. Naucoria scolecina. Fr. Pileus |-| in. across, rather fleshy, campanulato-convex then plane, margin slightly striate ; rustj'-bay, paler towards the margin ; gills adnate, rather distant, white with a flesh- coloured tinge, then ferruginous, margin downy; stem 2—3 in. long, 1 line thick, equal, flexuous, reddish ferruginous, sprinkled with white meal, hollow ; spores dark ferruginous in the mass, elliptical, 10 x 6 /x. Agaricus (Naucoria) scolecinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 194; Cke., Hdbk., p. 177; Cke., Illustr., pL 491b. On moist ground under alders, &c. Stem becoming fuscous at the base ; pileus ferruginous-bay, margin j)aler, opaque; gills broadest behind. Naucoria striaepes. Cooke. Caespitose, or gregarious. Pileus 1-1|^ in. across, cam- panulate, obtuse, then expanded and often more or less gibbous, smooth, even, ochraceous; gills adnexed, rather distant, 2-3 lines broad, tawny-cinnamon; stem 2-3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal, straight or variously bent or flexuous, hollow, white distinctly longitudinally striate ; spores narrowly elliptical, 10-12 X 4 /x. Agaricus (^Naucoria') striaepes, Cke., Grev., xiii. p. 60 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 177 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 478. Amongst grass on lawns, &c. Eeadily distinguished by the campanulate, ochraceous pileus and white, distinctly striate stem. NAUCORIA. 161 Naucoria sideroides. Bull. Pileus J-1 in. broad, flesh very thin, white, campannlate, then expanded, umbonate, glabrous, viscid, j^ellowish- oinnamon, ochraceous-tan and rather shining when dry, margin entire, incurved when young ; gills adnate with a decurrent tooth, narrow, crowded, pale ochraceous then cinnamon ; stem 2-3 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, slightly attenuated upwards, even, glabrous or sprinkled with white powder at the apex, pallid then yellowish, ferruginous down- wards, base at length brownish ; spores elliptical, pale yellow, 8-10 X 4-6 /x. Agaricus (^Naucoria) sideroides, Bull., t. 588 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 178 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 458a. On trunks, chips, (fee. Stem sometimes hollow, at others stufifed. Gills adnate with a decurrent tooth, sometimes sinuate, and hence un- cinately adfixed. A terrestrial form differs in being paler and honey-colour. (Fries.) Naucoria triscopoda. Fr. Pileus up to h in. across, flesh thin, at first hemispherical, obtuse, then convexo-plane, umbo prominent, even, glabrous, fine bay-colour when moist, ochraceous when dry, always opaque; gills adnate, plane, thin, somewhat crowded, dark ferruginous; stem h-^h ^^- -^^^S' ^^t 1 line thick, equal, curved or flexuous, glabrous, opaque, ferruginous, base umber, stuffed then minutely hollow ; spores elliptical, 6-8 X 3-4 IX. Agaricus (Naucoria) triscopus. Fries, Monogr., i. p. 375 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 178; Cke., Illustr., pi. 458b. On old wood. Gregarious or scattered. With the habit of Galera spartea, but most nearly allied to species of Naucoria. tt BHAEOTI. * Pediades. Growing in cultivated places. Naucoria vervacti. Fr. Pileus about 1 in. across, fleshy, convexo-plane, slightly umbonate, even, glabrous, viscid, shining when dry, pele VOL, ir. M 162 FUNGUS-FLORA. yellow : gills adnate with a decurrent tooth, crowded, becoming ventricose, pallid then ferruginons- brown, nearly 2 lines broad ; fitem 1-1 ?r in. long, glabrous, rigid, whitish, not rooting, stuifed then hollow; spores elliptical, 12-16 X 8-10 IX. Arjaricus (Naucoria) vervadi, Fries, Epicr., p. 197 ; Oke., Hdbk., p. 178 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 617a. In meadows, gardens, &c. Stem short", rather thick, sometimes attenuated upwards, at others downwards. Pileus yellow. (Fries.) Naucoria pediades. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, convex then plane, obtuse, sometimes becoming slightly depressed, dry, at length minutely rivulose but never striate, yellow-ochraceous then pale tan-colour ; gills adnexed, about 2 lines broad, crowded at first, then rather distant, at first brownish then dingy- cinnamon; stem 2-3 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, somewhat flexuous, silky, j-ellowish, base slightly bulbous, stufi'ed with a distinct pith ; spores dingy ferruginous, elliptical, 10-12 X i-5 fx; cystidia fairly numerous, 30-50 X 8-10 fx. Agaricus (Naucoria) pediades, Fries, Epicr., p. 197 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 178; Cke., Illustr., p] 492. In pastures. Stature variable, stem usually elongated; spores about an inch broad, ochraceous then tan-coloured. (Cooke.) Naucoria arvalis. Fr. Pileus up to 1 in. across, tough, flesh rather thick, convex then expanded, orbicular obtuse, even, glabrous, slightly viscid, yellowish-brown, paler when dry; gills adnexed, rather distant, plane, 3 lines broad, brownish-white, then ferruginous; stem about Ij in. long, 2 lines thick, even, pulverulent, yellowish, continued downwards into a long, rooting base ; spores elliptical, 9 x 5 /x. Aqaricus (Naucoria) arvalis, Fries, Epicr., p. 197; Cke., Hdbk., p. 179; Cke., Illustr., pi. 479 (variety). On the ground in fields, gardens, &g. There is no vestige of a veil present. Allied to N. semi- orljicularis, but distinguished from this and every known S2^ec*ies by the long, rooting base of the stem. NAUCORIA. 163 The plant figured is not the typical form; pileus f-l| in. Stem lf>-2.V in. With a distinct bulb between the ascend- ing and descending portion of the stem. It is probably a distinct variety. (Cooke.) Naucoria semiorbicularis. Bull. Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, whitish ; hemispherical then expanded, even, glabrous, slightly viscid, at length rivulose, tawny-ferruginous, ochraceous when dry ; gills adnate, rarely sinuate, very broad, crowded, pallid then ferruginous; stem 2-4 in. long, 1-li- line thick, tough, nearly straight, pale ferruginous, shining, base usually darker, containing a free strand in the interior which readily splits into fibrils; spores elliptical, 10 X 5-G /x. Agaricus semiorbicularis^ Bull., Champ., t. 422 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 179; Cke., lUustr., pi. 493 (not typical, if the right sj^ecies). Amongst short grass, &c. Gills 3 lines broad. Allied to iV. pediades, distinguished by the viscid pileus and ferruginous stem. Naucoria tabacina. D.C. Pileus h-1 in. across, flesh thin, almost plane, very obtuse, €ven, glabrous, hygrophanous, margin involute, umber, then cinnamon-bay when moist, dingy pale tan when dry ; gills adnate, crowded, plane, at length cinnamon-bay; stem 1-2 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, glabrous, naked, cinnamon, base fuscous, hollow, sometimes slightly wavy ; spores elliptical, 8-9 X 4-5 fx. Agaricus tahacinus, D.C., Flor. Fr., vol. v. p. 46 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 179 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 493b. By waysides, &c. Subcaespitose. All one colour when moist, with the habit of Naucoria cucumis ; pileus becoming cinnamon-bay, dingy tan when dry ; 3-9 lines broad, rather fleshy. Gills some- what linear, not broader behind, at first yellowish, soon umber, at length becoming ferruginous. Stem at times 2 in. long, equal, flexuous ; sometimes only about 1 in. long, thicker, attenuate at the base. A distinctly interwoven, aj^pendiculate veil is rarely present ; whereas in others from the same cluster, not a trace of the veil is visible. (Fi'ies.) M 2 164 FUNGUS-FLOKA. ** e corjAoidei. Growing in ivoods and damp uncultivated- places. Naucoria tenax. Fr. Pileus i-1 in. across, flesh rather thick, campanulate then expanded, viscid, hygrophanons, glabrous, even, colour between pale cinnamon and olive, or brownish-yellow, be- coming pale when dry, hygrophanous ; gills adnate, rather distant, brownish-white, becoming pale ferruginous, stem 1-2 in. long, about 1 line thick, stuffed then hollow, equal, adprtssedly fibrillose, yellowish, becoming tinged fuscous or olive, spores elliptical, 8 X 5 /x. Agariciis {Naucoria^ tenax, Fries, Epicr., p. 198 ; Cke^, Hdbk., p. 179; Cke., Illustr., pi. 617b. Amongst grass, and on sticks. Stem, depending on locality, sometimes ferruginous, at others olivaceous. Pileus sometimes rugulose, usually cinna- mon when moist, margin w^ateiy-yellow or with a greenish tinge, ochraceous when dr}'. Gills pallid brownish-olive, becoming ferruginous. (Fries.) Naucoria myosotis. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, convex then expanded, subumbonate, covered with a viscid pellicle, olive or brownish-green, becoming pale and yellowish, disc darker; gills adnato- decurrent, rather distant, at length rusty-brown, margin serrulate, white ; stem 3-6 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal sometimes flexuous, rather firm, hollow, squamulose, or with dark fibrils, pallid, becoming brownish, apex powdered with white meal; spores elliptical, 11-12 x 6 //. Agaricus (Naucoria) myosotis, Fries, Epicr., p. 198; Cke., Hdbk., p. 180; Cke., Illustr., pi. 494. In damp localities, swamps, amongst sphagnum, &c. Pileus hygrophanous, viscid w^hen moist, minutely rugulose, dark honey-yellow, disc darker, silky, veil remaining in tufts at the margin ; gills rather distant, ventricose, with a de- current tooth, margin minutely serrulate, paler, at first pale yellow with a pink tinge, then ferruginous. Stem long, hollow, striate, mealy at the apex, whitish then rufous, with silky, fibrillose scales and evanescent fibrillose ring. NAUCORIA. 165 Naucoria temulenta. Fr. (figs. 8, 9, p. 3.) Pileus |-1 in. across, somewhat membranaceous, campanu- late then convex, subumbonate, m.irgin slightly striate, glabrous, ferruginous when moist, ochraceous when dry ; gills adnate, narrowed in front, rather distant, lurid, then ferruginous-umber; stem about 2 in. long, 1^ line thick, flexuous, glabrous, polished, apex slightly mealy, hollow, but the hollow often containing a loose pith ; spores elliptical, 12x6 ^. Agaricus (Naucoria) temulentus^ Fries, Epicr., p. 199 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 180 ; Cke., lUustr., pi. 459. In moist woods, &c. Slender ; pileus somewhat umbonate, never depressed nor pelliculose, ferruginous, ochraceous-tan and without striae when dry. (Fries.) Somewhat resembling N. pediades, but distinguished by the pileus being striate at the margin when moist, and also in being umbonate. Naucoria latissima. Cooke. Pileus J-lJ in. across, subglobose then hemispherical, with a fleshy disc, margin at first incurved, deep chestnut- brown ; gills adnexed, rounded behind, h in. and more across, tawny-umber; stem 12^-2 in. long, 2-4 lines thick at the apex, attenuated downwards into a rooting base, smooth, dark l)rown below, pale above, hollow. Agaricus (Naucoria) latissima, Cke., Hdbk., p. 180; Cke., Illustr., pi. 482. Amongst grass. Allied to N. arvalis in the rooting stem, but known by the Tuargin of the pileus being incurved at first, and the smooth (not powdered) stem. Also resembling N. glandiformis in the colour of the pileus and the very broad gills, but dis- tinguished by the tapering, rooting stem. 166 FUNGUS-FLOE A. ttt LEPIDOTI. * Scales ofpileus superficial, disappearing. Naucoria porriginosa. Fr. Pileus |-1J in. across, flesh thin, convex then expanded Init not flattened, obtuse, viscid, tawny, becoming pale, tan- colour when dry, margin slightly striate when old, sprinkled with superficial, evanescent, saffron-coloured squamules; gills adnate, usually with a minute decurrent tooth, crowded, at first yellow, then tawny-cinnamon ; stem 2-3 in. long, 1J-2J lines thick, hollow, equal, rather soft, silky, becoming smooth, pallid. Agaricus (Naucoria) porriginosus. Fries, Epicr., p. 200 ; Cke^, Hdbk., p. 180; Cke., Illustr., pi. 510. Amongst twigs, hG. The largest and most beautiful species included in the present genus, readily distinguished by the viscid, tawny orange pileus, which is at first covered with 3'ellow or saffron- coloured, minute, floccose scales. Naucoria sobria. Fr. Pileus ^-| in. across, flesh thin, convex then plane, slightly vis'jid, somewhat silky, honey-colour when moist, disc darker^ becoming pale, slightly pruinose towards the margin from the fugacious veil ; gills broadest behind, adnate, crowded, broad, pale saffron-colour ; stem about Ih in. long and 1| line thick, hollow, rather firm, straight or slightly flexuous, equal, X^ale above, rusty-brown below, here and there sprinkled Avith white, silky spots, the remains of the veil ; spores 14-16 X 10 />t. Agaricus (Naucoria) sohrius, Fries, Epicr., p. 200 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 181 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 511a. Veil small, like a furfuraceous or pruinose remnant at first on margin of pileus and stem. Pileus not hygro25hanous. Gills with a decurrent tooth, margin whitish. Var. dispersus, Berk. & Broome, Ann. Nat. Hist., no. 1348; Cke., Hdbk., p. 181 ; Cke., Illustr., jjI. oIIb. Pileus 3-4 lines across, convex, ochraceous, delicately punctulate, margin furfuraceous; stem |-1 in. long, 1 line NAUCORIA. 167 thick, equal or incrassated above, equal, furfuraceous, fistu- lose ; ring appeudiculate ; gills pallid, adnate, plane, margin white. Agaricus dispersus, Persoon, Myc. Eur., vol. iii. n. 268. On lawns amongst short grass. ** Pileus persistently sqiiamulose. Naucoria erinacea. Fr. Pileus h-'i in. across, flesh thin, convex, umbilicate, rusty- umber, scaly with erect, squarrose, tufts of fibrils, margin at first involute and cortinate; gills adnate, rather crowded, broadish, rusty-brown, margin quite entire ; stem about \ in. long, not a line thick, equal, incurved, rusty-brown, hairy ; spores variable, elli2:)tical, 9-15 x 6-9 /a. Agaricus (Naucoria) erinaceus^ Fries, Epicr., p. 201 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 181 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 480a. On dead branches. Small, dry, persistent as in Marasmius. Entirely rusty- brown. Allied to N. separia, but known by the stem being squamulose nearly or quite to the apex, and the gills having the margin quite entire. Naucoria siparia. Fr. Pileus ^-f in. across, convex then obtuse, not umbilicate, reddish-ferruginous, densely clothed with fasciculate tufts of down resembling minute scales ; gills adnate, broad, rather distant, coloured like the pileus, margin tiocculose; stem about 1 in. long, slender, stuffed, equal ; peronate, squamulose up to the ring, apex naked, glabrous, coloured like the pileus. Agaricus (Naucoria) siparius. Fries, Epicr., p. 201 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 181 ; Cke., Illustr., ^\. 480b. On fern stems, soil, &c. Allied to N. erinacea^ separated amongst other characters, by the pileus not being umbilicate, and the flesh also thicker, softer, and not dry. The floccoso-squamulose covering is the universal veil, as in Lepiota granulosa. (Fries.) Naucoria conspersa. Pers. Pileus about h in. across, fragile ; convex then plane, nearly even, soon becoming broken up into scurfy squamules, 168 FUXGUS-FLOEA. bay-cinnamon when moist, ochraceous when dry, hygi'o- phanous; gills adnate, then separating from the stem, crowded, cinnamon ; stem about 1 in. long, 1 line thick, fibrillose, brownish-cinnamon, apex with scurfy squamules. Agaricus conspersus, Pers., Ic. Descr., t. 12, f. 3 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 181 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 512a. On the ground, amongst leaves, sphagnum, &c. The gills are dark at every stage. Gregarious, fragile. In swamps a remarkable form occurs, 2-3 times as large as the ordinary form, stem lon^jr, twisted, umber, white and downy at the base, pileus umbonate, 1^ in. broad, brownish- rufescent, gills broader. (Fries.) Naucoria escharoid.es. Fr. Pileus ^-g in. across, flesh thin, white, conico-convex then expanded, obtuse, scurfy or squamulose, tan-colour then whitish, disc becoming brownish; gills adnexed, with a decurrent tooth, at length emarginate, broad, lax, ventricose, pallid-tan then somewhat cinnamon ; stem 1-2^^ in. long, fragile, hollow, flexuous adjDressedly fibrillose, pallid then fuscous, apex rather pruinose ; spores elliptic-oblong, 14 X T/x. Agaricus (Naucoria) escharoides, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 260; Cke., Hdbk., p. 182 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. o12b. On naked ground, &c. Gregarious, subcaespitose ; fragile; pileus pale from the first, whitish-tan, disc and stem at length becoming brownish. Gills becoming emarginate, lax, nearly free, variable in colour. (Fries.) Pileus camjoanulate, obtuse, slightly fleshy, umbonate or nmbilicate, sometimes plane, hygrophanous, innato-squamu- lose, often venulose, tawny at length pallid ; veil white, evanescent; stem flexuous nearl}'' equal, clothed with white fibrils, pale, ringless, fistulose ; gills broad, bright cinnamon, distant, fixed, acute behind, at length seceding. Brittle. Spores pure ochre, not peroxidate. (Berk. & Broome.) *** Pileus not scaly, silky or atomate. Naucoria carpophila. Fr. Pileus 1-3 lines broad, somewhat membranaceous, convex, obtuse, hygrophanous, pale tan when moist, j^allid or whitish .. HEBELOMA. 169 when dry, minutely scurfy with shining atoms ; not pilose, rarely squamulose ; stem about ^ in. long, thin, scurfy then naked, pallid, imperfectly hollow; gills rounded behind and almost free, broad, rather distant, ventricose, crenulate, pallid then ochraceous. Agaricus {Naucoria) carpophilus. Fries, Epicr., p. 202 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 182 ; Cke., Illustr., 513a. On beech pericarps and leaves. Distinguished by its habitat and minute size. Naucoria graminicola. Nees. Pileus 2-4 lines broad, somewhat membranaceous, convex, papillate, fuscous then pale tan, coarsely tomentose ; stem about ^ in. long, |^ line thick, tough, hairy, becoming brownish ; gills slightly adnexed, rather distant, pale ochraceous. Agaricus (Naucoria) graminicola, Nees, Syst., fig. 186 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 182; Cke., Illustr., pi. 513b. On grass, twigs, &c. Pileus about 3 lines broad, seen to be covered with strigoso hairs under a lens, brown, becoming ochraceous- fawn colour. (Fjies.) HEBELOMA. Fries, (figs. 16, 17, p. 3.) Partial veil fibrillose, often absent. Cuticle of the pileus continuous, not scaly nor fibrillose, smooth, more or less viscid, margin of pileus incurved at first ; stem central, its flesh continuous with that of the pileus, fibrous, apex some- what mealy ; gills sinuate, adnexed, margin usually paler than the rest ; spores dingy tan-colour. Heheloma, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 249 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 161. The present genus is closely allied to Inocyhe, differing more especially in the cuticle being continuous and more or less viscid, and not becoming torn into scales or longitudinal flbrils. ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES. * Indusiati. Veil evident, often making the margin of the pileus superficially silky. 170 FUNGUS-FLORA. ** Dexudati. Pileus glabrous, veil absent from tbe first. *** PUSILLI. Pileus scarcely an inch broad. * INDUSIATI. Hebeloma musivum. Fr. Pileus 2-5 in. across, convexo-plane, obtuse, viscid, at length squamulose, margin often wavy, altogether yellow or the disc darker ; flesh thick, yellow ; gills emarginate, rather crowded, dry, 3-4 lines broad, pale yellow then ferruginous ; stem -4-5 in. long, 1 in. thick, equal or ventri- cose, solid or sometimes hollow above, entirely fibrillose, apex pruinose, pale yellow; veil fibrillose, evanescent; spores elliptical, 12 x 6 /x. Agaricus (Hebeloma) miisiviis, Fries, Epicr., i. p. 178; Cke., Hdbk., p. 161 ; Cke., Illustr., t. 405. Cortinarius sidjjlmreus, Lindgr., Bot. Xot., 1845. In pine woods. Odour faint. Differs widely from all other species of the genus in its bright colours, which suggest Flammula or Cor- tmarius ; it is retained here on account of the emarginate, glabrous (not powdery) gills ; wavy pileus, and pruinose or mealy apex of the stem. Hebeloma sinuosum. Fr. Pileus 3-6 in. across, fleshy, deformed, convex then ex- panded, obtuse, even, glabrous, viscid when young, soon dry, yellowish-red or pale brick-red, rarely tan-colour, the ex- tremes inflexed, crenulato-striate margin exceeding the gills ; gills slightly adnexed, broadly emarginate and ajDpearing free and distant, but connected with the stem by a slender tooth, 3-6 lines broad, dry, crowded, often wavy, margin quite entire, dirty-white at first then becoming ferruginous; stem stout, hollow, 4-6 in. long, 1-1| in. thick, equal, fibrillosely striate, apex at first flocculosely squamulose, white. Agaricus (Heheloma) sinuosus, Fries, Epicr., p. 178; Fries., Monogr., i. p. 323. HEBELOMA. 171 In woods. Usually large, compact when young, very soft when old, smell weak, pleasant. A small form also occurs with the stem not more than 2 in. long. (Fries.) Hebeloma fastibile. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, convex then plane, obtuse, somewhat wavy, glabrous, viscid, pale yellow-tan, becoming -paler ; gills emarginate, rather distant, 2-3 lines broad, pale then cinnamon, edge whitish, distilling drops in rainy weather; stem 2-3 in. long, up to J in. thick, solid, wholly fibrous, slightly bulbous, white, fibroso-squamulose ; veil distinct, white, sometimes forming a ring; spores elliptical, 10 x 6 /x. Agaricus (Hebeloma) fastibilis, Fries, Epicr., p. 178 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 161 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 406. In woods. Smell and taste strong ; something like radishes ; bitterish. Gregarious or somewhat caespitose. Allied to H. crustu- liniforme^ but distinguished by the more distant gills and the presence of an evident veil. Pileus yellowish, pale tan, whitish, c%c. Margin sometimes sulcate or plicate. Var. elegans. Pileus purple-brown. Hebeloma senescens. Batsch. Pileus 2—1 in. across, convex, almost plane when old, slightly viscid, ochraceous flesh-colour with a tinge of rust- colour, rusty-yellow when old, the margin crisped and hoary ; flesh thick, white; gills adnexed, rather crowded, 3 lines broad, pallid then dusky-ferruginoiis ; stem 3-4 in. long, up to f in. thick at the base, thinner upwards, lower portion brown with paler, transversely arranged squamules, apex persistently whitish, solid, or imperfectly hollow with age, flesh white; spores elliptical, 10 x 6 //,. Agaricus senescens, Batsch, Elench., f. 197 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 255 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 407. In pine woods. Hebeloma glutinosum. Lindgr. (figs. 16, 17, p. 3.) Pileus 2-3 in. across, convex then plane, obtuse, regular, covered with a tough, glutinous film, yellowish-white, sprinkled with white, superficial squamules; flesh whitish 172 rUNGUS-FLORA. then pale yellow; gills adnexed, sinuate, witli a slightly decurrent tooth, crowded, yellowish, becoming cinnamon- tan ; stem about 3 in. long, 4 lines thick, somewhat incras- sated at the base, firm, with whitish squamules and fibrils, apex with white meal, cortinate, stuifed, becoming brown inside; partial veil evident; spores elliptical, 10-12 X 5 /u,. Agaricus (Ueheloma) glutinosus, Lindgr., Bot. Not. 1845, p. 199 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 161 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 430. Amongst dead leaves, twigs, &c. Smell peculiar, not unpleasant. Stem fleshy, stuffed, firm, somewhat bulbous, 2-3 in. long, whitish, fibrillose, and squamulose, base frequently strigose, at length tinged ferru- ginous. Partial veil evident but fugacious. Pileus rather fleshy, convex then j)lane, regular, obtuse, 2-3 in. across, covered with tough, viscid gluten, and shiny when wet, sprinkled with superficial seceding scales. Pileus variable in colour, typically having the disc brick-red, the remainder yellowish- white. Flesh whitish. Gills arcuately adnexed, broad, crowded, pallid, then yellowish, at length tan-colour and somewhat cinnamon. (Fries.) Hebeloma testaceum. Batsch. Pileus 1-2 in. across, campanulate then convex, becoming flattened, regular, obtuse, even, rather viscid, pale brick-red or ochraceous-tan ; gills attenuated behind, almost free, lanceolate, crowded, narrow, at first ascending, pale then ferruginous ; stem about 3 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, hollow, somewhat bulbous, pallid, floccosely-fibrillose, apex mealj^ ; -spores elliptical, 10 X 5-6 //. Agaricus testaceus, Batsch, f. 198; Cke., Hdbk., p. 162; Cke., Illustr., 408. In woods. Odour of radishes. Distinguished amongst the viscid species by the almost free, closely crowded, very thin, narrow gills. Hebeloma firmum. Pers. Pileus 2-3 in. across, campanulate then expanded and discoid, umbonate, even, smooth, viscid, brick-red, the broad umbo darker ; gills rounded behind, crowded, dry, 2-3 lines broad, tan-colour then ferruginous, margin whitish, serrulate ; HEBELOMA. 173 stem solid, firm, 2-3 in.jlong, J- in. thick, pale, -usually at- tenuated and darker downwards, clothed everywhere with white floccose scales; veil evident, white; spores elliptical, 10 X 5 /x. Agaricus firmus, Pers., Ic. Descr., t. 5. f. 3, 4; Cke., Hdbk,, p. 162 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 409. On the ground in fir woods. Odour weak. The gills do not exude drops of water,, hence the gills are not spotted, as in the case where the dark spores are run into clusters by drops of water. Known by the dark pileus and the white, serrate margin of the gills. Hebeloma claviceps. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, convex then expanded, disc gibbous,, fleshy, remainder verj' thin, even, naked, pallid, often rather deeper ochre at the disc ; gills emarginate, crowded, 1^ line broad, dry, pallid then dingy ; stem about 2 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, stufied, equal, everj^where covered with white meal, brownish below ; veil white, evident ; spores elliptical, 10-11 X 5 /JL. Agaricus {Hebeloma) claviceps, Fries, Monogr., i. p. 346 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 410; Cke., Hdbk., p. 162. In woods. Quite distinct from H. Jirmum, P., with which it was at one time joined, in the smaller size of every part, base of the stem fuscous, paler gills, especially in the pileus being at first convex then expanded and discoid, and not conical then campanulate. (Fries.) Hebeloma punctatum. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, fleshy, convex, soon plane, disc obtuse or gibbous, always darker in colour and papillose, viscid, umber and depressed at the centre, remainder tan- colour, pale when dry, superficial!}^ silky when dry in young- specimens ; gills narrowed behind and arcuately adnate, slightly ventricose, crowded, narrow, not exceeding 1-2 lines broad, flat, pallid, margin quite entire ; stem 2-4 in. long, 2-5 lines thick, equal, generally flexuous, dry, pale, apex with white meal, the remainder adpressedly silky from the veil ; veil fugacious, never forming a ring. Agaricus (Hebeloma) punctatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 179; Cke., Hdbk., p. 162. 174 FUNGUS-FLORA. lu woods. Gregarious. Smell very slight, not unpleasant. Hebeloma versipelle. Fr. Pileus about 3 iu across, fleshy, convex, plane, discoid, covered with a thick viscid gluten, the silkiness of the veil adglutinated near the margin, then glabrous, reddish-tan colour, pale tan and opaque when dry ; gills rounded behind, crowded, 3-5 lines broad, whitish flesh-colour then tan; stem hollow, tough, whitish-silky, mealy at the apex. Agaricus (^Heheloma) versipelUs, Fries, Epicr., p. 179; Cke., Hdbk., p. 163. In grassy places, and amongst fir leaves. Somewhat caespitose ; smell weak, not unpleasant. Changes much with age. Young stage : — stem hollow, tough, about 2 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal, distinctly silkj^-white from the veil, and above the ring of the veil mealy. Pileus fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, 1 in. and more across, covered with a tough, glutinous pellicle, reddish-tan, disc becoming pale, with adglutinated white silkiness near the margin ; or squamulose according to Lindgr. ; gills rounded, crowded, thin, 3 lines broad, margin quite entire, dry, almost white. Adult : — stem longer, not silky, but longitudinally, fibrillosely striate, readily breaking up into fibrils, at length, especially inside, brownish ; pileus fragile, •3 in. and more across, everywhere dingy tan, opaque, dry, the pellicle having almost disappeared. Gills 4-5 lines broad, crowded, pallid then cinnamon-tan. (Fries.) Hebeloma mesophaeum. Fr. Pileus 1-1 2^ in. across, flesh thin, conical then expanded, at length plane, disc darker and often depressed, viscid, even and usually glabrous, rarely silky round the margin at first, 3'ellowish, or becoming pallid, disc somewhat bay-colour; gills rounded or emarginate, crowded, thin, flat, dry, not spotted, rusty-tan, the entire margin similarly coloured; stem 2-3 in. long, about 2 lines thick, equal, fibrillose, Vhitish then ferruginous, base brownish, apex mealy ; veil evident but delicate and fugacious; spores elliptical, smooth, 7-8 X 4-D /x. Agaricus (Hehelomd) mesophaeus, Fries, Epicr., p. 179; Cke., Hdbk., p. 163; Cke., lUustr., pi. 411. HEBELOMA. 175 In pine woods. Gregarious; variable. Var. minor, Cke., Illustr., pi. 412; Cke., Hdbk., p. 163. Smaller than the typical form. Hebeloma sub coll aria turn. B. & Br. Pileus about 1 in. across, convex, then more or less ex- panded, rather fleshy, slightly glutinous, the floccose veil soon disappearing, pale ochraceous-tan, centre darker; gills very slightly rounded behind, broadly adnate, soon sepa- rating from the stem and connected behind by a collar-like structure, ventricose, 2-3 lines broad, pale tan-colour, margin whitish; stem about 2 in. long, 2 lines thick, often flexuose, pale, brownish towards the base, pulverulent, stuffed then hollow; spores elliptical, 12-13 x <-> /x. Agaricus {Hebeloma) suhcollariatus, B. & Br., Ann. Kat. Hist., n. 1942 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 163 ; Cke., Hlustr., pi. 506. On naked soil. ** DENUDATI. Hebeloma sinapizans. Fr. Pileus 3-6 in. across, fleshy, compact, convex, then plane, very obtuse, for the most part wavy, and. often excentric, even, glabrous, slightly viscid when moist, either every- where tan-colour, or the disc yellowish ; flesh white ; gills deeply emarginate, 3-5 lines broad, crowded, fragile, cinna- mon-tan, always dry and not spotted, never exuding drops of water; stem stout, rigid, imperfectly solid, 3-5 in. long, 1 in. thick, equal or fusiformly rooting, white, fibrillosely striate, apex with white squamules ; y spores elliptical, 12 X 7 /x. Agaricus (Hehelomay sinapizans, Fries, Epicr., p. 180 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 163 ; Cke., Hlustr., pi. 413. In woods. The largest species in the present genus, remarkably re- sembling H. sinuosum, but sharply separated by the strong, radishy smell, and the almost entire absence of a veiL (Fries.) 176 FUNGUS-FLORA. Hebeloma crustuliniforme. Bull. Pileus about 2^-3 in. across, flesh ratlier thick, hyaline ■when moist, convex then plane, obtuse or with a slight, broad umbo, wavy, even, glabrous, slightly viscid at first, zoneless, pallid tan-colour, disc often yellowish or brick-red ; gills adnexed, rounded behind, crowded narrow, thin, white then tan-colour, at length bay, margin unequal, exuding drops of water in damp weather, spotted when dry ; stem 2 in. long, stuffed, then hollow, stout, somewhat bulbous, white, naked, ajDex with minute white scales ; spores elliptical, 11-12 x 6 /x. Agaricus crustuUmformis, Bulliard, Cke., Illustr., j)h 507 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 164. In meadows, woods, &c. Smell unpleasant, resembling radishes, but not so strong as in some siDecies. Yeil almost absent. Size very variable, stem never elongated as in H. elatiim. Var. minor^ Cke., Illustr., pi. 414. Smaller than the type. Hebeloma elatum. Fr. Pileus 3-4 in. across, flesh thick except at the margin, which is very thin, convex then expanded, obtuse, even, glabrous, rather viscid when moist, pale tan-colour, opaque when dry ; gills rounded behind, adnexed, with a decurrent tooth, crowded, 3 lines broad, dry, not spotted, nor exuding drops of water, quite entire, pale cinnamon ; stem about 4 in. long, 4 lines thick, equal and cylindrical, straight but com- posed of fibrils spirally arranged, adpressedly fibrillose, pallid-white, apex with white meal. Agaricus (Heheloma) elatiis, Fries, E23icr., p. 181 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 164. In pine woods amongst fallen leaves, &c. Smell very strong, like radishes. Hebeloma longicaudum. Pers. Pileus lA-2^ in. across, flesh rather thick, soft, watery, convex then expanded, umbonate, at [length wavy, even, glabrous, viscid, tan-colour, disc sometimes bro^vnish ; gllla arcuate, adnexed, crowded, 3-6 lines broad, pale tan-colour then cinnamon, margin serrulate; stem 4-5 in. long, 4-5 HEBELOMA. 177 lines thick, equal or thickened at the base, indistinctly fibrillose, white, apex mealy, base becoming tinged brown ; Bpores elliptic-oblong, 10 X 5 /x. Agaricus longicaudus, Persoon, Syn., p. 332; Cke., Hdbk., p. 164; Cke., lllustr., pi. 415. In woods. Smell weak, not unpleasant. Var. radicatus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 164; Cke., lllustr., pi. 416. Stem fusiform, rooting. Judging from Cooke's figure of the present variety, it closely resembles Flammula inopoda. Among fir leaves. Hebeloma lugens. Jungh. Pileus 2-3 in. across, fleshy, convex then almost plane, glabrous, slightly viscid, brown then yellowish ; gills almost free, fragile, crowded, pallid then ferruginous, margin crenu- late, darker; stem 2-3 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, solid, shining, fibrillosely striate, somewhat bulbous, apex with white meal. Agaricus lugens, Jungh., Linn., v. p. 399 ; Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 241 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 164. In woods. Smell strong, but not like radishes. Hebeloma truncatum. Schaeff". Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh rather thick, convex then ex- panded, very obtuse, wavy and very irregular, even, glabrous or slightly superficially silky near the margin, scarcely viscid, somewhat rufous, the margin, which is at first in- curved, paler; gills emarginate, almost free, narrowest behind, crowded, 2-3 lines broad, dry, not spotted, white, soon pallid or with a flesh-coloured tinge, at length watery ferruginous, margin quite entire and wavy ; stem solid, robust, scarcely 1 in. long, 4-6 lines thick, about equal, white, everywhere minutely pruinose under a lens ; veil none; spores pip-shaped, 12-13 X 6-7 /x. Agaricus truncatm, Schaeffer, t. 251; Cke., Hdbk., p. 164; Cke., lllustr., j)l. 417. In woods. VOL II. N 178 • rUNGUS-FLOEA. Stem not truly fibrillose nor sqiiamulose, in which it differs from all other species. Smell almost none. The pileus is sometimes paler, disc tan-colour, margin white, gills crisped, branched and anastomosing. (Fries.) Hebeloma nudipes. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in, across, flesh water}', thick at the disc, very- thin at the margin and exceeding the gills, convex then expanded, obtuse, unequal, glabrous, viscid, tan-colour> margin at first incurved, then expanded and ascending ; gills broadly emarginate, crowded, dry, not spotted, quite entire, tan-colour; stem solid, entirely fibrillose, about 2^ in. long, 4-8 lines thick, equal, erect and straight or curved and ascending, glabrous and quite naked upwards, white; spores elliptical, 12 x 6 ^. Agaricus (Heheloma) nudipes. Fries, Epicr., p. 181 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 4l8; Cke., Hdbk., p. 165. In woods. Smell weak, not unpleasant, rather mealy. Hebeloma nauseosum. Cooke. Pileus 1-1^ in. across, flesh thick at the centre, becoming very thin at the margin, convex and gibbous, then more or less expanded, even, smooth, viscid, ochrey-white ; gills deeply sinuate, adnexed, very broad, ventricose, rather distant, pallid then tan-colour, at length ferruginous ; stem li-2 in. long, 3 lines thick, equal or slightly attenuated below, whitish, mealy above, faintly striate downwards, and in decay turning black at the base, solid ; s]3ores elliptical,, ends rather acute, 20 x 10 /x. Agaricus (Hebeloma) nauseosus, Cke., Grevillea, xvi. p. 43 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 963. On the ground in mixed woods. The odour is very strong and abominable, especially after having been kept in a box for a night. (Cooke.) More slender than H. nudipes, its nearest ally, in the broad gills and foetid smell. Smaller and more slender than H. fastihile, and without a trace of a veil. H. crustulini- forme diflers from the present species in the flocculose stem. Hebeloma capnocephalum. Bull. Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thick at the disc, very thin at HEBELOMA. 179 the margin, obtuse, even, smooth, dingy yellowish, margin at length becoming blackish; gills emarginate, broad, scarcely crowded, ferruginous ; stem l-i-2 in. long, 3 lines thick at the apex, attenuated downwards, fibrillosely striate, with reddish fibrils, becoming pale ; spores elliptical, 9 X 5 /x. Agaricus capiiocejjhalus, Bulliard, Champ. Fr„ t. o-iT, fig. 2; Cke., Hdbk., p. 165; Cke., lllustr., pi. 419. On the ground. Hebeloma ischnostylum. Cooke. Pileus 1-2 in. across, convex then expanded, broadly um- bonate, slightly viscid, white or a little pallid at the disc, margin thin ; gills rounded behind, adnexed, slightly serrate at the margin, whitish then dingy tan-colour ; stem about 2 in. long, 2 lines thick, equal or a little thickened at the base, smooth, naked, whitish ; spores elliptical, 12 X 7 /x. Agaricus (Hebeloma) ischiostyluSf Cke., Grevillea, xii. p. 98 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 420. On the ground among grass. Inodorous, or with a faint odour of Spiraea. Somewhat resembling H. nudipes in general appearance and structure, but distinguished by the whitish pileus. *** PUSILLI. Hebeloma magnimamma. Fr, Pileus up to 1 in. across, disc fleshy, remainder thin, with a large projecting umbo, convex then plane, naked, brick- red, becoming pale; gills obtusely adnate, crowded, pallid then ferruginous; stem 1-1} in. long, 1^ line thick, equal, glabrous, naked, pallid-yellowish, imperfectly hollow. Agaricus {Hebeloma) magnimamma, Flies, Mon., ii. p. 299 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 165; Cke., lllustr., pi. 5u8a. Among grass. Veil absent, hence the pileus has no trace of superficial silkiness. Hebeloma petiginosum. Fr. Pileus about f in. across, disc floshj^ remainder thin, conico-convex then expanded, dry, the gibbous disc brown, N 2 180 FUNGUS-FLORA. remainder becoming yellowish, silkily-hoary ; gills free, ventricose; yellow then olive-bay; stem 1^ in. long, 1^ line thick, rather tough, with a reddish tinge, powdery, stuffed then hollow, sometimes rather wavy ; spores elliptical, 10 X 5 /a. Agaricus {Hebeloma) j^etiginosus, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 259 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 166; Cke., lUustr., pi. 508 b. On the ground in beech Avoods, &c. INOCYBE. Fries, (figs. 11-14, p. 3.) Universal veil fibrillose, concrete with the cuticle of the pileus, which is either squamulose or fibrillose ; stem central, its substance continuous with the flesh of the pilens, often squamulose or peronate ; gills usually sinuate, rarely adnate or decurrent, not becoming powdery ; spores often angular. Inocyhe, Fries (as a subgenus of Agaricus), Syst. Myc, i. p, 254; Cke., Hdbk., p. 149. The leading characteristics of the present genus are : fibrillose or squamulose pileus, and more or less sinuate or rounded gills not becoming powdered with the spores at maturity ; spores dingy pale tan, often angular but some- times smooth, and elliptical. The species are mostly small, dry, and fibrous, although in a few species the pileus eventually becomes smooth and viscid, thus leading to Seheloma, its nearest ally. ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES. * Squarrosi. •' Pileus squarrose (covered wdth. scales spreading in every direction) ; stem scaly, coloured like the pileus. ** Laceri, Pileus scaly or torn into fibrils (not cracked longitudi- nally); stem coloured, paler than the pileus, fibrillose. IXOCYBE. 181 *** KiMOSI. Pileus longitudinally fibrillose and soon cracking in the same direction, sometimes adpressedly sqnamulose; stem fibrillose, slightly tinged with the colour of the pileus. **** Velutini. Pileus not longitudinally cracked, cuticle interwoven, fibrillose, becoming smooth and adpressedly squamose, disc even ; stem polished, smooth, becoming whitish, apex mealy. ***** ViSCIDI. Pileus becoming smooth, viscid. * SQUARROSI. Inocybe hystrix. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, fleshy, flesh firm but not compact, white, convex then expanded, obtuse or slightly gibbous, orbicular, mouse-colour, with revolute and squarrose, floccose scales, fibrillose towards the margin ; gills adnate, crowded, narrow, white then brownish ; stem solid, firm, 2-3 in. long, 3 lines and more thick, equal or for the most part attenuated at the base, somewhat fusiform, brownish mouse-colour, covered with crowded, revolute squarrose squamules up to the acutely limited zone formed by the veil, pale and smooth above the ring; spores elliptical, smooth, 10 x 5. Agaricus {Inocijhe) hjstrix, Fries, Epicr., p. 171 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 149 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 42-1. In beech woods, &c. Having much the appearance of a small, solitary specimen of Pholiota squarrosa, but the colours are very difierent. Inocybe relicina. Fr. Pileus 1-1 J iu. across, flesh thin, conical then expanded, obtuse, smoke-colour, with squarrose tomentose scales ; gills adnexed, crowded, yellow then olive ; stem about 2 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, soliil, soft, equal, floccosely scaly. 182 FUNGUS-FLORA. Agaricus (Inocyhe) relicinus, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 256 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 150. In marsliy fir woods, amongst sphagnum, &c. Distinguislied from all other species by the gills being first 3'ellow then olive. Stem solid, soft, 2 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal, floccosely scaly (not sqnarrose), fibrillose, smoky, apex paler; pileus fleshy, thin, conical then expanded, obtuse, h in. broad when young, everywhere covered with squarrose, fasciculate- tomentose scales, smoke-colour. Gills adnexed, crowded, at first ascending, yellow then olive. Odour scarcely evident. (Fries.) Inocybe calamistrata. Fr. Pileus 1-2J in. across, flesh thin, campanulate, obtuse, margin incurved at first, often wavy, at length almost plane, everywhere brown and with squarrose scales ; gills adnexed, separating from the stem, crowded, broad, white then ferru- ginous, edge distinctly serrulate and whitish; stem solid, rigid, tough, 2 in. long, 2 lines thick, equal, rather rooting, fuscous, dark blue at the base, everywhere covered with rigid, recurved scales; spores somewhat reniform, smooth, 10-11 X 5 /x. Agaricus (Inocybe) calamistratus, Fries, Epicr., p. 171 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 150; Cke., Hdbk., p. 106. In pine woods. Smell strong. Brown or umber, base of stem dark blue, gills becoming ferruginous, and flesh tinged red, stamp the present species amongst its allies. Inocybe hirsuta. Lasch. Pileus i-1 in. across, flesh thin, conico-campanulate, umbonate, brown, covered with squarrose, fasciculate pilose scales, becoming ochraceous, fibrillose towards the fimbriate margin; gills adnexed. ascending, crowded, thin, narrow, pallid then brownish, margin white, minutely toothed ; stem solid, slender, tough, 2-3 in. long, al30ut 1 line thick, fibril- lose, floccosely scaly (not squarrose) at the apex, base slightly thickened, dark green. Agaricus (Inocybe) hirsiifus^JjSiSGh, No. 577; Fries, Epicr., p. 171 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 150. . INOCYBE. 183 Damp places in woods, pastures, &c. Distinguished from its allies by the p;reen base of the stem, and by the gills becoming fuscous. (Fries.) The disc of the pileus is sometimes greenish. Inocybe lanuginosa. Bull. Pileus i-f in. across, flesh rather thick, hemispherical then expanded, obtuse, minutely floccosely scaly, the scales of the disc erect and squarrose, umber then yellowish ; gills narrowed behind, slightly adnexed, separating from the stem, more or less ventricose, thin, about 1 line broad, margin slightly toothed, pallid ; stem about 1 in. long, 1 line thick, fibrillosely scaly, apex powdered with white meal, solid, paler than the pileus ; spores elliptic-fusiform, smooth, 8 X 4 /x. Agariciis laniiginosus, Bulliard, t. 370 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 150 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 582a. Agaricus flocculentus, Cke., Hdbk., Ed. i. No. 317. On the ground. - Pileus umber, becoming yellowish ; smell weak. Inocybe dulcamara. A. & S. Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, campanulate then convex, at length expanded, umbonate, fuscous-olive, floccosely scaly, silky towards the margin ; gills arcuato-adnexed, ventricose, crowded, pallid then olive; stem imperfectly hollow, fibril- lose from the cortina or partial veil, adpressedly scaly, paler than the pileus, apex mealy ; spores elliptical, smooth, 8-10 X 5 /A. ^ Agaricus {Inocyhe) dulcamarus, Alb. & Schw., n. 489; Pries, Hym. Eur., p. 288 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 151 ; Cke., Hlustr., pi. 582b. In pine woods, &c. Gregarious, small, olive-fuscous, flesh yellowish- white. In early specimens the scales of the pileus are squarrose ; in autumnal forms adpressed. Inocybe plumosa. Bolton. Pileus 1-1 1 in. across, convex then expanded, disc squarrose with erect fasciculate fibrils, margin fibrillose, mouse-brown ; gills slightly rounded behind, adnexed, scarcely crowded, rather ventricose, smoky -white, margin entire; stem li-ii 184 FUNGUS-FLORA, in. long, Ij line thick, flexuons, floccosely scaly, coloured like the stem, apex naked (not mealy or pruinose), stuffed then hollow. Agaricus ijilumosus^ Bolton, t. 33 ; Cke., Hdbk. p. 151 ; Cke.> Illustr., pi. 42oA. In damp pine woods, &c. Pileus thickly covered with little, erect, downy tufts; not yellowish nor tinged red inside. Inocybe cincinnata. Fr. Pileus ^-1 in. across, flesh thin, convex then plane, com- monly indistinctly umbonate, villosely scaly, brown ; gills adnexed, attenuated behind, separating from the stem, ventricose, crowded, violet-brown ; stem solid, tough, about 1^ in. long, 1-1|- line thick, equal, straight, fibrillosely scaly, brownish-violet, spores irregular, nodulose, 7-8 [x diam. Agariciis (Inocyhe) cincinnatus. Fries, Epicr., p. 172; Cke^ Hdbk., p. 151 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 425b. In woods, &c. Inodorous. Slender, subgregarious. Distinguished from every other species by the brownish-violet gills. (Fries.) Inocybe haemacta. Berk. & Cke. Pileus about 1 in. across, fleshy, compact, campanulate, obtuse, floccosely fibrillose with dark fibrils, the disc rather scaly and darker ; gills slightly rounded behind and adnate, pallid then dingy tan-colour; stem about 2 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, smooth, scarcely fibrillose, whitish above, tinged with verdegris green at the base, nearly equal, solid ; spores elliptical, smooth, 8 x 4-5 /x; flesh everywhere turning blood-red when touched or wounded. Agaricus {Inocyhe) haemactiis, Berk. & Cke., Grev., xi. p. 70 ; Cke., Illustr., i^l. 390. On lawns, &c. Pileus about an inch broad, umber, margin pallid, clad with long, darker fibrils, the obtuse disc darkest, and some- what scaly; stem nearly 2 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, aerugi- nous at the base, the colour penetrating through the flesh. Everywhere slowly changing to blood-red when wounded. In some respects agreeing with I. calamistrata, but not gquarrose. (Berk. & Cooke.) IXOCYBE. 185 ** LACERI. Inocybe pyriodora. Pers. Pileus 2-3 across, disc fleshy, the remainder thin, ovate then campanulate, obtuse, disc very scaly, the rest everywhere torn into fibrils, smoky or ochraceo-pallid, reddish when young ; margin often incurved and wavy ; flesh becoming reddish ; gills at first adnate, then somewhat emarginate, crowded, thin, linear, often crisped, at first whitish tlien brownish, margin whitish; stem 3-6 in. long, ^-1 in. thick, almost equal, or attenuated at the base, often curved, ex- ternally very fibrillose, pallid, apex powdered with white meal, solid, internally fibrous and soft, reddish ; fragile ; spores pip-shaped, smooth, 10 X 6 /x. Agaricus (Inocyhe) pyriodorns, Pers., Syn., p. 300 ; Cke.^ Hdbk., p. 152 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 472. In woods. Smell pleasant, resembling pears or violets. Pi 1 eus fuscous, then pallid ochraceous, fiesh with a red tinge. (Fries.) Pileus 1^-3 in. broad, broadly and strongly umbonate, the margin at length a little turned up, fibriiloso-squamulose ; fleshy, pallid umber. Gills aduexed, ventricose, pale. Stem 2-3 in. high, 4 lines thick (solid in my specimens and in Bulliard's figure), fibrillose, white, when bruised somewhat of the same hue as the pileus. Yeil very fugacious. Odour penetrating, like that of rotten pears or Hyacinthus racemosus*. (Berk.) Inocybe incarnata. Bres. Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh rather thick, convex, campanu- lated, then expanded and gibbous or broadly umbonate, fibrillose then squamulose, margin fimbriate, yellowish theD rufescent or tinged with fiesh-colour ; stem solid, about 2 in. long, 4—5 lines thick, attenuated and somewhat rooting at the base, rather fibrillose, rosy fiesh-colour, white and mealy at the apex ; flesh of the pileus white, becoming deep red when broken ; gills sinuate, adnexed, crowded, broad, rather fringed at the margin ; whitish then gre3'ish-cinnamon, at length spotted with red, or wholly rufescent ; spores elliptic- ovate, 10 X /x. 186 FUNGUS-FLORA. Agariciis (Inocyhe) incarnatuSj Bresadola, Fung. Trident., t. 53 ; Cke., Ilhistr., pi. 473. Jn woods. Smell resembling pears, strong and persistent. Stem more robust than in I. i^yriodora, which the present species resembles in habit and smell. Inocybe scaber. Fr. (figs. 11-13, p. 3.) Pileus 1-14- in across, flesh rather thick, firm, white, not tinged with red, conico-couvex, obsoletely gibbous, smoky or pallid-tan, variegated with spot-like, fibrous, adpressed, brownish scales; gills slightly adnexed, thin, crowded, whitish then smoky ; stem solid, firm, 1^, in. long, 3-5 lines thick, equal, white, silky-fibrillose ; spores elliptical, smooth, 11 X 5 /x. Agariciis (^Inocyhe) scaber. Fries, Epicr., p. 172; Cke., Hdbk., p. 152; Cke., Illustr., pi. 391. In woods. Stature short, resembling I. samhiicina, the last named difi'ers, however, in the white, smooth pileus. More robust than allied species. Var. firma. Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 229. Pileus fuscons- tan, spotted withfuscons scales; stem velvety. Pileus \-l in. broad, campanulate, subumbonate, dingy greyish-brown, scaly. Gills pale dingy-brown, rather numerous, nearly free, stem 1-1^- in. high, 2-3 lines thick, solid, whitish, fibrillose, furnished with a bark-like external coat, sometimes subgregarious. (Grev.) Inocybe maritima. Er. Pileus about 1 in. across, fleshy, rather soft, convex then expanded, obtusely umbonate, fibrillose, more or less ad- pressedly scaly, brown or mouse-colour, hygrophanous, hoary when dry ; flesh greyish-brown ; gills rounded behind, adnexed, partly separating from the stem with age, ventri- cose, brownish-gi-ey tlien ferruginous; stem solid, about 1 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal, fibrillose, at first cortinate, a little paler than the pileus, apex not pulverulent ; spores irregular, nodulose, 9-10 /x diam. Agaricus {Inocyhe) maritimiis, Fries, Epicr., p. 172; Cke., Hdbk., p. 152 ; Cke., Illustr., lA. 892, IXOCYBE. 187 Amongst damp sand on tlie sea shore, also in woods. Every part almost the same colour; distinguished from the remainder by the hygrophanous pileus. Smell weak. (Fries.) Inocybe violacea-fusca. Cke. & Mass. Subcaespitose. Pileus 1-2 in. across, more or less convex then expanded, obtusely umbonate, flocculose, fibrillose, concentrically scaly, drj', umber, margin thin, torn and fimbriate ; flesh thin ; gills adnexed, rounded behind, or slightly sinuate, 2 lines and more broad, scarcely crowded, violet then umber, margin paler, serrulate; stem 2-2^^ in. long, ^ in. thick, equal, smooth and silky, violet above both outside and inside, pallid below, solid, flesh pallid when old ; spores elliptical, smooth, 7-8 X 4 /x. Agariciis (Inocyhe^ violaceo-fiiscus, Cke. & Massee, Grevillea, xvii., p. 52; Cke., lllustr., pi. 1174. Among grass in open places. Distinguished by the violet colour of the gills and apex of the stem. There is often a tinge of violet in the pileus, and the scales darker than the ground-colour. Inocybe lacera. Fr. Pileus 1-1 1 in. across, flesh thin except at the disc, convex then expanded, obtusely umbonate, fibrillosely scaly, mouse- colour, becoming pale and yellowish ; gills adnexed, 2 lines broad, ventricose, pale rufous then mouse-colour ; stem about Ih in. long, 1^ line thick, apex naked, stuffed, paler than the pileus, reddish inside ; spores obliquely elliptical, smooth, 12 X 6 />t. Agaricus (^Inocyhe) lacerus. Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 257 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 153; Cke., lllustr., pi. 583. In woods, &c. Very variable, but the stem never mealy at the apex, 1^7-2 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, pileus almost smooth at first, soon scaly, at length squarrose, mouse -colour, becoming pale and yellowish ; smell slight. (Fries.) Distinguished from I. scdbra and I. miitica by the inside of the fcitem becoming reddish. Inocybe fasciata. Cke. & Mass. Caespitose. Pileus 2-3 in. across, campanulate-convex. 188 FUNGUS-FLOE A. silky and covered with minute dark, squarrose scales, disc rufous, remainder pale tan-colour ; gills adnexed, rounded or sinuate behind, attenuated in front ; crowded, 1^-2 lines broad, thin, soft, pallid ; stem 2-3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal or a little thinner downwards, fibrillose, reddish within and without at the base, pallid above, solid, spores elliptical, minutely rough, 10 x 6/x. Agaricus {Inocyhe) fasciatus, Cke. & Mass., Grevillea, xvii.^ p. 52; Cke., lUustr., pi. 1173. On the ground among grass. Densely caespitose, a character by which it is at once distinguished among the species of Inocyhe. Taste and smell none. Inocybe flocculosa. Berk. Pileus h-1 in. across, flesh thin, subcampanulate, umbonate, silky-squamulose, tawny-brown ; gills adnate, pale fawn- colour then ferruginous, ventricose, 1-1:^ line broad ; stem about 1^ in. long, 1-1 1 line thick, fibrillose, pale reddish, sqnamulosely pulverulent above, imperfectly hollow; spores elliptical, smooth, 10 x 5-6 /jl. Agaricus (Inocyhe) flocculosus, Berk., Engl. Fl., vol. v. p. 97 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 393. On naked soil, also among grass. Odour like that of new meal, but nauseous. Among grass the pileus is smoother, more tawny, rimoso-sericeous ; gills not arcuate behind, but broadly adnate. (Berk.) Inocybe Bongardii. Weinm. Pileus 1-2 in. across, campanulate, obtuse, disc scaly, torn into fibrils at the margin, but not cracked, fuscous when moist, pallid when dry ; flesh thin, reddis^h ; gills adnexed, ventricose, broad, a little crowded, pale red then cinnamon ; stem solid, rigid, 2-4 in. long, 2 lines thick, equal or slightly bulbous at the base, fibrillose, reddish-white, silky and red below, apex with white meal ; veil absent ; spores elliptical,, smooth, 10-12 X C /x. Agaricus (Inocyhe) Bonga7'di{,WemiLn., p. 190; Cke., Hdbk.> p. 153; Cke., Illustr., pi. 381. In pine woods, &c. Smell pleasant, exactly resembling pears. (Fries.) Smell like Bergamot. (Weinm.) INOCYBE. 189 Inocybe mutica. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh ratlier thick, convex then plane, always very obtuse, at length more or less depressed at the centre, somewhat scaly, dry, whitish, fibrils brownish ; gills entirely adnate, thin, crowded, white then tinged brown ; stem, ltt-2 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, atteniiated downwards, iibrillose, pale straw-colour then tinged with brown, hollow ; spores elliptical, smooth, S X 5 fx. Agaricus (Inocyhe) muticus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 346 ; Cke., Illustr., pL 382; Cke., Hdbk., p. 153. In woods, by road-sides, &c. I. lacera ditfers from the present in the slightly adnate gills, and the mouse-coloured pileus, I. scabra differs in the adnexed gills, and the stouter stem with a slight swelling at the base. Inocybe carpta. Fr. Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh rather thick, convex then expanded and often umbilicate or depressed, dingy brown, covered with fibrillose, more or less squarrose squamules ; gills slightly adnexed, 1| line broad, ventricose, brownish; stem 1-2 in. long, 2 lines thick, very slightly attenuated downwards, with spreading fibrillose woolliness, paler than the pileus, hollow; spores, elliptical, even, 8-10 x o /x. Agaricus (Inocyhe) carptus, Fries, Epicr., p. 173; Cke., Hdbk., p. 154; Cke., Illustr., pi. 426b; (not of Bresadola). In woods. Distinguished by the dark brown pileus and stem being everywhere covered with more or less spreading fibrils. There is a slenderer form; pileus h in. across, stem about 1 in. long, 1 line thick, wav3^ Cke., Illustr., pi. 426a. Inocybe deglubens. Fr. Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh thin, white, convex then expanded, obtusely umbonate, the cuticle becoming torn into adpressed fibrils, disc somewhat scaly, rufous-bay, then yellowish, scales darker; gills adnate, ventricose, rather distant, dingy then cinnamon ; stem 2-2|- in. long, 2 lines thick, adpressedly fibrillose, pallid, apex with dark scurf-like markings, equal, solid ; spores elliptical, smooth, 10 x 6 /x. Agaricus (Inocyhe) degluhens. Fries, Epicr., p. 173; Cke., Illustr., pi. 394. 190 FUNGUS-FLOEA. On the ground in pine woods, &c. The size of I. lacera, but quite distinct in the scurfiness or minute points at apex of stem, which is not white. Pileus bay with a rufous tinge, split up into darker iibrous scales* (Fries.) Inocybe obscura. Pers. Pileus -§-1 in. across, flesh thin, campanulate then plane, umbonate, radially tibrillose, disc scaly, blue then brownish ; gills uDcinately adnexed, crowded, ventricose, olive then brownish, 1^ line broad; stem 1-2 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, stuffed, fibrillose, violet then brownish ; spores ellijotical, smooth, 9-10 X o-6 /x. Agaricus (Inocyhe) ohscurus, Pers., Syn., p. 347 ; Cke., Illustr., pL 427 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 154. In damp places in pine woods. &c. Readily distinguished amongst its allies by the blue or violet tinge on the pileus and stem. Var. rufus, Pat. tab. Anal., n. 543 ; pileus brownish-rufous, gills ventricose, violet ; spores elliptical, apiculate. Inocybe echinata. Pioth. Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh rather thick, campanulate then expanded, obtuse, at first pulverulent then scaly, dry, dingy brownish-yellow ; gills almost or quite free, crowded, 1^-1^ lines broad, deep pink or blood-red ; stem 1^2 in. long, 2 lines thick nearly equal, floccosely pulverulent below the imperfect, zone-like ring, red, hollow ; flesh, like that of the })ileus, red ; spores pale yellow with a red tinge, elliptical, smooth, 5 X 3 /z. Agaricus echinatus, Eoth., Catal., ii. t. 9, f . 1 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 154 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 395. Agaricus Hookeri, Klotzsch, Engl. Flora, vol. v. p. 97. Agaricus haematophyllus, Berk., Mag. Zool. & Bot., t. 15, f. 1. On peat-beds in gardens and conservatories. In all probability an introduced species, and, as the synonyms show, has been repeatedly described, readily known by the dingy scaly pileus, and the more or less intense red gills, stem, and flesh. Pileus 5-8 lines broad, fawn-coloured, centre umber. Gills 1-1 J lines broad, beautiful purple, at length cinnamon. INOCYBE. 191 Yeil floccoso-fibrillose, very fugacious, stem 1-1 J in. high, I a line thick, tistulose, shining purple, pruinose with fawn- coloured meal. In a flower-pot. (Klotzsch.) *** RIMOSI. Inocybe schista. Cke. & Sm. Pileus 2-3 in. across, campanulate, broadly subumbonate, flesh thin, equal, dingy like that of the stem, cracking longitudinally, rather librillose, bay-brown; gills adnate with a decurrent tooth, rather ventricose, 3 lines broad, tawny-rufous at maturity, margin pale, serrate ; stem about 3 in. long, 5-6 lines thick, equal, twisted, paler than the pileus, solid. Agaricus (Inocyhe) scJiistus, Cooke & Smith; Cke., Hdbk., p. 154; Cke., Illustr., pi. 504. , On a lawn. Distinguished by its large size, thick, twisted stem, and broad gills as bright in colour as those of a Flammala. It is a pity that the colour of the spores was not noted, as the colour of the gills suggests other than the genus Inocybe, although the longitudinally fibrillose cracking pileus agrees with the present genus. Inocybe fibrosa. Sow. Pileus about 4 in. across, flesh very thick at the disc, and 2-3 lines thick nearly up to the margin, white, somewhat campanulate with a broad, obtuse umbo, silky, even, at length cracked, margin wavy, cracked, pale, yellowish-brown ; gills- free, crowded, 3-4 lines broad, narrower behind, very pale dingy ochre, margin uneven; spores elliptical, minutely warted or rough, 12-14 x 6 /x; stem 4-5 in. long, 1 in. thick at the base, attenuated upwards, striate, flocculose]y scaly above, pale, solid. Agaricus jibrosus, Sowerby, Fungi, t. 414; Cke., Hdbk., p. 155 ; Cke., Illustr., t. 454 (after Sowerby). In fir woods. The figure in " Illustrations " is reproduced from Sowerby's original drawing, which is somewhat different in colouring from his published plate. (Cooke.) 192 FUNGUS-FLORA. Our largest species oflnocyhe, Inol perlata, which approaches the present species in size, differs in the darker pileus and smooth spores. Inocybe phaeocephala. Bull. ? Pileus 1-2 in. across, subcampanulate, rarely flattened and Timbonate, fuliginous, becoming brownish, smooth ; gills free, semilunate, very broad, yellowish bistre colour; stem 2-3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal except the swollen base, naked, straight, grey with brownish lines, white at the base, solid ; spores elliptical, smooth, 6 x -i /x. Agaricus {Inocyhe) phaeocepJialiis, Cke., Hdbk., p. 155 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 396. Agaricus 2yh(ieocepliaIus, Bulliard, Champ. Fr., t. 555, f. 1. On the ground in pine woods. Pileus 2-4 in. broad ; stem 3-5 in. high, 4-7 lines thick. The spores are bright ferruginous red, (Cooke.) There appears to be a considerable difference of opinion as to what Bulliard's figure really is, the above description represents Dr. Cooke's view, the description being drawn up from specimens found in pine woods in Scotland. Inocybe fastigiata. Schaeff. Pileus Ih—'^ in. across, 1 in. high, fleshy at the disc, conical then campanulate, margin incurved when young, then wavy, but sometimes regular, acute, longitudinally fibrillose and cracked, rarely adpressedly squamulose, yellow-brown, sometimes brownish; gills free, ventricose, crowded, rather thick, 2 lines or more broad, yellow then olivaceous; stem 3-4 in. long, up to h in. thick, equal or slightly attenuated at both ends, silkily fibrous or flocculose, apex almost naked, pallid, solid, flesh fibrous, not rigid; spores subglobose, distinctly nodulose, 8-10 X 6-8 a; cystidia numerous, large. Agaricus fastigiatus, Schaeff., t. 26 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 383 (spores wrong shape); Cke., Hdbk., p. 155. Among grass, &c. Somewhat resembling I. pyriodora in size and appearance, the latter, however, is at once known by the smooth, pip- fchaped spores, and the flesh becoming reddish when broken. Inocybe hiulca. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh very thin except at the fleshy, IXOCYBE. 193 prominent umbo, at first conical then expanded, everywhere adpressedly sqiiamiilose or hbrillose, cracked, brownish then with an olive tinge ; stem 2-3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal or the extreme base slightly bulbous, rather firm, adpressedly fibrillose, apex squamulosely mealy, pallid, but becoming reddish when bruised, white then reddish inside, stuffed ; gills almost free, with a slender decurrent line on the stem, soon ventricose behind, 2 lines broad, thick, rather distant and rigid, whitish flesh-colour, darker at the base, olive when adult; sjDores elliptical, smooth, 8-10 x 5 /a. Agariciis (Inocyhc) hlulcus. Fries, Epicr., p. 175; Cke., Hdbk., p. 155; Cke., lllnstr., pi. 397. On the ground, in pine woods, &:c. Smell obsolete ; stem somewhat curved, equal, base slightly bulbous ; pileus fuscous, then tinged olive. (Fries.) Inocybe Curreyi. Berk. Pileus 1^-2 in. across, convex then expanded, obtuse, longi- tudinally fibrillose, slightly squamulose at the disc only, slightly cracked, pale yellowdsh-brown ; flesh very thin ; gills quite free, 2 lines or more broad, yellowish then with an olive tinge; stem 2-3 in. lonl. 399. Amongst grass, &c. Solitarj^ compact, stout, smell strong. Pilens white, often vavy, margin not cracked nor splitting, becoming tinged with yellow. Stem stout, often decumbent; apex sparingly pruinose. (Fries.) Inocybe caesariata. Fr. Fileus §-lJ in. across, disc fleshy, remainder thin, convex then expanded, somewhat gibbous, tawny-ochraceous, with ochraceous fibrillose, more or less spreading squamules; gills rounded behind and adnexed, pale ochraceous, margin quite entire; stem l|-3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal, very iibrillose, pale ochraceous, solid; spores elliptical, smooth, 8 X 4 /x. Agaricus (Inocyhe) caesariatiis, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 234; Ccoke, Illustr., pi. 338. In beech woods, &c. The ochraceous colour and copious fibrils readily dis- tinguish this species. (Fries.) Inocybe lucifuga. Fr. Pileus about 1 in. across, thin, convex then plane, um- bonate, covered with minute, adpressed scales, or often longitudinally fibrillose, somewhat olive, sometimes pale, rarely fawn-colour; flesh white; gills nearly free, or de- jiending on the variable form of the pileus, adnexed, crowded, ventricose, plane, whitish, soon yellowish, at length pure olive ; stem solid, rigid, about 1 J in. long and 2 lines thick, equal, often undulated, hardly fibrillose, apex with a scanty covering of white meal, pallid ; sjoores elliptical, smooth, 10 X 6 /x. Agaricus (Inocyhe) lucifugus, Fries, Epicr., p. 177; Cke., ndbk., p. 158; Cke., Illustr., pi. 429a. In pine woods, &c. Smell unpleasant, something like radishes. Distinguished by the clear olive colour of the gills, and the absence of a Veil. INOCYBE. 199 Inocybe sindonia. Fr. Pileus 1^-2 in. across, flesh thin, white, carapaniilato- convex, gibbous silky-velvety, even, when young having the fibrils of the veil appendiculate from the margin, dingy white or at length yellowish ; gills narrowly adnexed, linear- lanceolate, 1 line broad, brownish-white ; stem soft, filled with a distinct pith when young, then hollow, 2-3 in. long, 3 lines thick, equal, at first slightly fibiillose from the veil, then becoming glabrous, white; spores elliptical, smooth, 7 X 4 a. Agaricus (Inoajbe) sindoniiis, Fries, Epicr., p. 176; Cke., Hdbk., p. 159 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 400. In damp, shady places. Allied to /. fjeoplujlla^ but known by the hollow stem and larger size. Pileus not fibrillose. Inocybe Clarkii. B. & Br. Pileus |—1^ in. across, flesh very thin except at the umbo, white ; campanulate, obtuse, whitish, silky ; gills adnexed, rather distant, 1^-2 lines broad, thin, pallid, margin white; stem l|-2 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal or slightly thickened at the base, white, solid ; spores pale, elliptical, smooth, 8-10 X Q IX. Agaricus (Inocyhe) ClarJcii, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 1345; Cke., Hdbk., p. 159 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 429b. On the ground in shady places. Distinguished by the white, silky, campanulate pileus. Allied to I. sindonia, but distinguished by the hollow stem and persistently pale gills. Inocybe geophylla. Fr. Pileus ^-1 in. across, flesh thin, white, conical then ex- panded, umbonate, dry, silky, the cuticle breaking up into longitudinal silky fibrils, white, lilac, or violet ; white or yellowish when old ; gills almost free, rather broad, ven- tricose, crowded, white then brownish-tan, at length brown: stem stuffed, rather firm, 2-3 in. long, 3 lines tJiick, equal, commonly straight, glabrous, white or coloured like the pileus, apex with white meal; spores elliptical, smooth, 7-8 X 4 /a. Agaricus (Inocyhe) geophjllus, Fries, Epicr., p. 176 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 159 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 401. 200 FUNGUS-FLORA. Amongst grass in woods, &c. Gregarious, smell weak ; more slender tlian I. sindonia ; known from I. scahellus by the white or lilac, not brownish and squamulose pileus. Pileus J-1 in. broad, umbonate, at length subinverted, white, lilac, brownish, yellowish, &c., satiny, often rimose. Gills adnate or adnexed, ventricose, earthy, not cinnamon, the margin white, subdentate. Stem 1-3 in. high, 1-2 lines thick, flexuous, equal or subbulbous, firm, very minutely farinaceous above, solid, but the inner substance less compact. Odour strong and disagreeable. (Berk.) Inocybe scabella. Fr. Pileus about 1 in. across, conical then expanded, umbonate, silky-fibrillose, at length becoming torn into squamules except the umbo, brownish, rufous-brown, sometimes dingy ochraceous, flesh dingy ; gills adnexed, somewhat ventricose, but at times narrow, more or less crowded, dingy at first then brownish ; stem stuffed, thin, 1^ in. long, J-lJ line thick, equal, straight or flexuous, glabrous, rufous or pallid, apex obsoletely pruinose; veil not evident; spores irregular, nodulose, 10 x 7 /x. Agaricus (^Inocyhe^ scahellus, Fries, Epicr., p. 127 (not of Alb. & Schw.) ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 159. Grassy places in woods, &c. A very variable, but quite distinct species. Stature of I. geo])hijlla but more slender, inodorous, and brown or rufescent, colour of pileus and stem different. Inocybe subrimosa. Mass. Pileus about 1 in. across, conico-campanulate then ex- panded, with a prominent conical umbo, margin often undulate, even, glabrous, the cuticle becoming broken up into longitudinal fibrils, then cracked, bay or pale rusty- ochraceous ; gills very much attenuated btshind, free or slightly adnexed, rather ventricose, white then pale dingy- tan (colour of old wash-leather), at length brownish ; basidia clavate, 30-42 x 1-1 /x; cystidia fusoid, apex at first minutely spiny, 65-95 x 20 /x ; spores subglobose, unequally stellately spiny, tinged yellow, 13-14 x 10-11 /x ; or 10-12 /x diam. ; stem about 2 in. long, l-J line thick, solid, equal, round, INOCYBE. 201 polished, usually slightly flexuous, base with a very minute, more or less marginate bulb, glabrous, white, everywhere mealy, not pellucid. Clypeus suhrimosus, Karsten, Meddl. af Soc. pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, 1888-91, p. 38 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 402 (called Inocybe scahella.) Among grass. Flesh white ; inodorous and tasteless. Inocybe Renneyi. B. & Br. rileus ^-5 in. acvoss, flesh very thin except at the disc, hemispherical, slightly fibrillose, disc brown, the remainder fawn-colour ; gills rounded behind and almost free, 1 line broad, dingy ochraceous ; stem 1 ?,-2 in. long, 1^ line thick at the apex, slightly attenuated downwards, paler thnn the pileus, fibrillose, solid ; spores pip-shaped, the narrow end slightly curved, rough, 12 X 7-8 /x. Agaricus (^Inocybe) Benneyi, Berk. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 1761 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 520a. On the ground. Var. major; coloured like the type form, but larger; pileus up to 1 in. across, campanulate ; gills broadly adnate, cinnamon-colour, stem equal. Flesh dingy, as is also that of the typical form; spores pip-shaped, rough, 13-17 x 10 /x. Cke., Illustr., pi. 520b. In fir woods. Inocybe trechispora. Berk. Pileus l^-f in. across, somewhat membranaceous, convex then expanded, umbonate, at first viscid but soon dry and silky, umbo brownish, remainder whitish ; stem 1^-2 in. long, 1| in. thick, nearly equal, often slightly wavy, whitish, slightly striate and mealy, nearly solid ; gills emarginate, rather distant, ventricose, pinkish-grey ; spores irregularly nodulose, 7 X 5-6 ju, ; cystidia subfusiform, sometimes slightly toothed at the apex, 35-45 x. 10 fx. Agaricus (Inocyhe) trechisjporus, Berk., Outl., p. 156 ; t. 8, f, 6; Cke., Hdbk., p. 160; Cke., Illustr., pi. 403a. In woods amongst ferns, &c. Somewhat resembling I. geophylla^ but distinguished by the dark umbo, and the nodulose spores. 202 FUNGUS-FLORA. Inocybe vatricosa. Fr. Pileus about ^ in. across, flesh thin, convex then plane, obtusely umbonate, even, glabrous, viscid when moist, shining when dry, slightly silky near the margin, white; gills broadly emarginate, adnexed, almost free, broad, white then brownish ; stem about 1 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, equal, ciirved and contorted, white, not fibrillose, but with white down at the base, everywhere powdered with white meal, hollow. Agaricus (Inocyhe) vatricosus, Fries, Epicr., p. 177; Cke., Hdbk., p. 160; Cke., Illustr., pi. 403b. Damp naked places in pine woods, also on wood. A minute species, remarkable for the glabrous viscid disc of the pileus, and the truly silky margin. With exactly the habit of I. geojyhylla, but smaller. (Fries.) Inocybe Whitei. B. & Br. Pileus up to 1 in. across, flesh verj'' thin, except at the disc, at first hemispherical, then convex, tawny, margin whitish, at length expanded and wholly tawny, fibrillose, slightly viscid ; veil white, fibrillose ; stem about Ih in. long, Ih line thick, slightly thickened at the base, nearly smooth, white, becoming brownish, solid; gills adnexed, white at first then pallid ; spores obliquely elliptical, smooth, pale yellow-brown, 9x4^; cystidia more or less broadly clavate, tapering to a very thin pedicel, plentiful. Agaricus (^Inocyhe) Whitei, Berk. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 1527; Cke., Illustr., ]A. 404a. On the ground in pine woods, &c. Stature that of I. geophylla, a very curious and beautiful little species allied to I. vatricosa. (Berk. & Br.) Keadily known by the viscid, tawny pileus. Inocybe tricholoma. A. & S. Pileus §-lJ in. across, plane, becoming more or less de- pressed, sometimes irregular, rather viscid, whitish, margin irregularly fringed with adpressed white fibrils ; gills de- current, thin, pale brownish-tan ; stem l|-2 in. long, lJ-2 lines thick, white, squamulose upwards. Agaricus (Inocyhe) tricholoma, Alb. & Schw., Consp., p. 188; Cke., Illustr., pi. 404b. BOLBITIUS. 203 In woods. Distinguished from all other species by the white stem and viscid white pileus with a more or less fringed margin. BOLBITIUS. Fries, (figs. 18, 10, p. 3.) Pilens membranaceous ; gills adnexed or free, membrana- ceous, soft, salmon-colour or rusty, dissolving (not dripping as in Coprinus), powdered with the rusty spores; stem central ; universal veil absent, partial veil often obsolete. Bolbitius, Fries, Epicr., p. 253 ; Cke., Hdbk., p, 234. Very delicate and fragile, remarkable amongst the ochro- sporae for the gills dissolving into mucus, and in this respect analogous with Coprhms amongst the Phaeosporae, and Hiatula amongst the Leucosporae. Growing on dung or amongst grass where dung abounds. A small but very natural genus, with the vegetative portion like Coprhms and the fructification resembling Cor- tinarius, hence occupying an intermediate position between these two genera. (Fries.) Bolbitius grandiusculus. Cke. k^ Mass, Pileus 1-2-2 in. across, almost membranaceous, campanu- late then expanded, smooth, slightly striate at the margin, pale yellow, disc rufous ; gills narrowed behind and quite free, about 1 line broad, crov/ded, pale then rusty-ochraceous ; stem 3-4 in. long, 3 lines thick at the base, slightly and uniformly attenuated upwards, white, smooth, even, straight, hollow; spores rusty, elliptic-oblong, 15 x 5-6 />t. Bolbitius grandiusculus, Cke. & Massee, Grev., vol. xviii» p. 53; Cke., Hdbk., p. 378 ; Cke., Illustr., Suppl., pi. 1159. Amongst grass. The largest species of the genus, known at once by the narrow, free gills, and the long, pure white, tapering stem. Bolbitius vitellinus. Fr. Pileus 1^-2 in. across, flesh equal, thin, campanulate or ovate then expanded, viscid, clear deep yellow, at first even, then the margin becomes sulcate and often splits ; gills slightly adnexed, narrow, ochraceous-tan ; stem about 3 in. 204 FUNGUS-FLORA. long, 2 lines thick, equal, straight or rather wavy, white, and covered with white squamules, hollow ; spores elliptical, tawny-ochraceous, 10 x 6 /x. Bolhitius vitellinus. Fries, Epicr., p. 254 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 235 ; Cke., lilustr. pi. 928a. On dung and in rich pastures. Subcaespitose. Closely allied to jB. Boltoni and B. fiavidus ; distinguished from the former by the clear egg-yellow colour of the pileus, which is not darker nor depressed at the disc ; known from the latter by the white stem. Bolbitius flavidus. Bolton. Pileus 1-2 in. across, glutinous, conical then expanded, but usuallv with the disc a little elevated, maro-in striate and usually split, pale yellow ; gills almost or quite free, about 2 lines broad, at first white, then yellow, at length dusky brown, stem about 2 in. high, 2-3 lines thick at the base, slightly thinner upwards, yellow both outside and inside, hollow, veil very fugacious at an early stage, and leaving no mark on the stem; spores elliptical, brown, 10 X 6 /x. Agaricus flavidus, Bolton, p. 149, pi. 149 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 689. On dunghills, &c. As stated under Bolhitius Boltoni, Fries ; the true species called Agaricus flavidus by Bolton is quite distinct from the species of Fries, the principal points of distinction being that in the present species the pileus is obtuse or subgibbous and not darker at the disc than elsewhere, the free gills, and the plant not becoming dry and pajDcry at maturity, but deliquescing. The following is Bolton's own account. The root is small and hard, emitting black-brown fibres. The stem is 2 in. high, smooth, largest at the base, hollow, yellow both within and without, and easily splits in yellow shining filaments. The curtain is white, extremely light and delicate ; it vanishes in the infancy of the plant, and leaves no mark on the stem. The gills are in three series, of a narrow, oblong figure, thin, and tender ; they are at first white, afterwards yellow, and change at last to a dusky brown. The pileus at first conical, and covered with a tough, BOLBITIUS. 205 slippery gluten; afterwards becomes convex, but most fre- qiiently with the centre a little elevated ; in the progress of growth, the margin becomes striated, and frequently rent; at last the whole plant dissolves in a brown jell3\ Grows on dunghills, after rain, June and July. (Bolton.) Bolbitius Boltoni. Fr. Pileus rather fleshy, viscid, at first even, then with the- membranaceous margin sulcate, disc darker subdepressed ; stem attenuated, yellowish, at first floccose from the remains of the fugacious veil ; gills subadnate, yellow then livid-brown. Bolbitius Boltoni, Fries, Kpicr., p. 254; Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 334; Cke., Hdbk., p. 234; Cke., Illustr., pi. 689 (not Bolton, pi. 149). Amongst heaps of leaves in places where dung abounds. Pileus at first conical, yellow, becoming pale, at length dry and papery. Spores fuscous-brown. (Fries.) Fries has seen the fungus described above in a living; condition, and at the same time considered it to be identical with the fungus called Agaricus flavidus by Bolton, p. 149, and figured on pi. 149 ; but when the descriptions by Bolton and Fries are compared, it will be seen that there are some discrepancies, the main feature in Fries' plant, as indicated by italics, is " disco ohscuriore siihdepresso," whereas Bolton says most frequently with the centre (of the pileus) a little elevated, and during recent years Mr. Phillips of Shrewsbury has found a fungus on dung that accords exactly with Bolton's description and figure, having the pileus slightly gibbous,, and not subdepressed and darker as stated by Fries, the spores in Mr. Phillips's specimens are clear brown, not *' hrunneo fuscae^" as in Fries' i'ungns, and the gills are free. The specimens found by Mr. Phillips are figured in Cooke's. Illustrations, pi. 689. The plant of Fries, judging from his quotation of Bolton's figure, must be about the same size as the latter, but being distinct from Bolton's fungus, with which it has hitherto been confounded, it is doubtful whether the Bolbitius Boltoni^. Fries, is a native of Britain. Bolbitius fragilis. Fr. Pileus about 1 in. across, almost membranaceous, viscid^ 206 FUNGUS-FLORA. pellucid, margin striate, rather iimbonate, yellow becoming pale ; gills attenuated behind, adnexed, about 1 J line broad, rather distant, yellowish then pale cinnamon ; stem 2-3 in. long, Ih line thick, attenuated upwards, straight, naked, yellow, hollow ; spores ferruginous, elliptical, 7 X 3-5 fx. BoXbitius fragilis, Fries, Epicr., p. 254 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 235 ; €ke., Illustr., pi. 720a. On dung and amongst grass. Solitary, !or 2-3 clustered togethered. More slender than Bolhitius Boltoni, fragile, drying up, yellow becoming pale. Spores ferruginous. (Fries.) Bolbitius apicalis. W. G. Sm. (figs. 18, 19, p. 3.) Pileus conical, not expanding, |-1 in. long, membranaceous, brownish, striate from the first up to the ochraceous, even, subumbonate disc, the difference in colour between the two jDarts defined by a distinct line ; gills free, at first pressed to the stem, li line broad, Tentricose, bright brown ; stem about Ih in. long, incrassated at the base, striate, white, minutely mealy under a lens, hollow ; spores brown, ellip- tical, 9 X 6-7 ft. Bolhitius apicalis, W. G. Smith, in Cooke's Hdbk., ed. i., p. 171 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 235 ; Cke., Hlustr., pi. 720b. In pastures. Distinguished by the pilous being striate and brown up to the smooth, ochraceous disc. Bolbitius titubans. Fr. Pileus §—1 in. across, membranaceous, ovato-campanulate then expanded, discoid, yellow ; gills slightly adnexed, about 1 line broad, rather distant, pallid then salmon-colour ; stem 1|-2J in. long, about 1 line thick, straight, yellowish, shining, hollow; spores 12 x 8 /x. Bolhitius titubans. Fries, EiDicr., p. 254 ; Cke., Hdbk., ]o. 235; Cke., Hlustr., pi. 690.' Amongst o-rass, &c. Very fragile, almost tottering. Fries states that the gills are pallid then becoming purplish or brownish flesh-colour, and in that respect his specimens differed from the figures of other fungologists. He also says that the spores appear purplish-brown. Pileus conical, at length plane, J-J of an inch broad, mem- BOLBITIUS. 207 branaceoiis, plicate, pale yellow, deepest in the centre, and smooth. Lamellae distant, pale, at length brown-red or ilesh-colour, narrow, mottled. Stipes scarcely more than a line thick, 3-4 in. long, hollow, weak, yellow. A very elegant species, possessing, according to Withering, a strong and disagreeable smell. (Grev.) Bolbitius rivulosus. B. & Br. Pileus about Ij in. across, campannlate, striate, rivulose, dingy tan-colour ; flesh white, rather thick at the disc, elsewhere membranaceous; gills narrowed behind, slightly adnexed, rather distant, about 1 h line broad, cinnamon ; stem about 3 in. long, 3 lines thick at the base, gradually attenuated upwards, straight, smooth, even, white, hollow ; spores elliptic-oblong, ferruginous, 10-12 X 6-7 /x. Bolbitius rivulosus, Berk. & Broome, Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 1773 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 236; Cke., Illustr., pi. 928b. In an orchid house. Distinguished by the dirty tan-coloured pileus striate half-way up. Possibly an introduced species. Bolbitius niveus. Mass. Pileus about 1 in. across, rather fleshy, campanulate, obtusely umbonate, smooth, slightly viscid, margin striate, pure white ; gills narrowed behind and quite free, about 1 line broad, rather distant, broadest in front, pallid then salmon-colour ; stem about 4 in. long, clavato-bulbous at the base, gradually attenuated to the apex, rather tough, shining, pure white, hollow; spores elliptical, salmon-colour, 18 x 9-10 fx. Bolbitius conoceplialiis, Bull., Cke., Hdbk., p. 378; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1160. On the ground in the palm-house, Kew. Eeadily known by the pure white pileus and stem. Certainly not the species intended by Bulliard. In all probability an exotic species, introduced with soil. Bolbitius tener. Berk. Pileus exceedingly delicate, elongato-conical, J-1 in. long, not expanding, even, smooth, moist, yellowish-white ; gills attenuated behind and nearly free, narrow, not crowded, salmon-colour; stem variable in length, lJ-3 in. hig]i, about 208 FUNGUS-FLORA. 1 line thick, clavato-bulbous at the base, white, hollow ; spores elliptical, salmon-colour, 15-16 X 8-10 /x. Bolhitius tenevy Berk., Oiitl., p. 183; t. 12, f. 2; Cke., Hdbk., p. 235 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. GOl. Amongst grass. Very slender. Distinguished by the smooth, even, whitish conical pileus and the bulbous base of the stem. PLUTEOLUS. Fr. (fig. 7, p. 3.) Pileus conical or campanulate then expanded, flesh thin ; viscid, margin at fir.>t straight and adpressed to the stem ; gills rounded behind and free from the stem; stem central, its substance differentiated from the flesh of the pileus ; spores ferruginous or saffron-colour. Pluteolus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 266 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 182. Growing on wood. The present genus corresponds mor- phologically to Pluteus in the Mhodosporae. Pluteolus reticulatus. Fr. (fig. 7, p. 3.) Pileus 1-lJ in. across, flesh thin, campanulate, becoming plane, viscid, with raised, anastomosing veins forming a vague network, margin striate, greyish or pale lilac ; gills free, ventricose, crowded, Ih line broad, rusty-saffron colour ; stem li^-2 in. long, 1^^ line thick, slightly incrassated at the base, fragile, fibrillose, white, hollow; spores ferruginous in the mass, elliptical, smooth, 7 x 4 /x. A(jaricus (Pluteolus) reticulatus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p, 266 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 183; Cke., Illustr., pi. 495. On dead wood. Closely resembling Pluteus in habit and structure, but with ferruginous spores. Pluteolus aleuriatus. Fr. Pileus about § in. across, thin, conico-convex then flat- tened, viscid, striate, not wrinkled, greyish or pink ; gills free, ventricose, ochraceous-saffron ; stem li-2 in. long, about 1 line thick, white, pulverulent, often incurved, hollow. Agaricus (^Pluteolus) aleuriatus^ Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 266 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 183. PLUTEOLUS — PHOLTOTA. 209 On rotten sticks, &c. Fragile. Distinguished from P. reticulatus, by the pilens not having raised, anastomosing veins, and in the powdery «tem. PHOLIOTA. Fries, (fig. 10, p. 3.) Pileus more or less fleshy ; gills adnate, with or without a, decurrent tooth, or rounded behind and adnexed, tawny or ferruginous at maturity, as are also the spores ; stem central, furnished with a distinct interwoven rino;. Pholiota, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 240; Cke., Hdbk., p. 140. The only g;enus in the Ochrosporae having the stem furnished with a persistent, membranous, or interwoven more or less spreading ring. In Flammula, a closely allied genus, the ring, if present, is fibrillose and never forms more than an indistinct silky zone or girdle round the stem. In Cortinarius, which is also allied, the veil is fibrillose, forming a,t most a zone round the' stem. A few species grow on the ground, principally in damp places amongst moss, but .the majority grow on wood, and are often densely caespitose. The genus includes many veiy large and brilliantly coloured species. ANALYSIS OF TEE SPECIES. A. HuMiGENi. — Terrestrial ; rarely caespitose. * Eudermini. — Spores ferruginous. ** Phaeoti. — Spores dusky ferruginous. B. Truncigeni. — Growing on wood ; subcaespitose. * Aegeritini. — Pileus naked, not scaly, but sometimes cracked ; gills pallid, becoming rufescent or dusky. ** Squarrosi. — Pileus scaly, not hygrophanous ; gills be coming discoloured. ■f Gills not purely ferriirjinous. VOL. II. p 210 rUNGUS-FLOKA. "ff Gills ijelloic, then pure ferruginous or taivny. ** Hygropliani. — Gills cinuamon (not at first yellow). * C. MusciGEXi. — Hygroplianoiis. Analogous to Gcderciy with a ring:. ■o* A. HUMIGENI. ^ Eudermini. Pholiota aurea. Matt. Pilens 4-6 in. across, hemispherical then expanded, fleshy hut not compact, soft, obtuse, rather velvety at first, then torn into minute squamules, bright tawny-yellow or more or less ochraceous, gills adnexed then almost free, 3-4 lines broad, ventricose, connected by veins, pale tawny-ferruginous i stem 5-8 in. long, ^-| in. thick, almost equal, even, more or less covered with ferruginous, scuj-fy, separating particles below the ring, solid, pale; ring variable, small or ample^ erect then spreading; spores elliptical, tawny-ferruginous, 10 X o /x. Acjaricus (Plwlioia) aureus, Mattusch., Sil., p. 351 ; Cke.,, Hdbk., p. 140; Cke., Illustr., pi. 346. Afjaricus (^Pholiota) aureus, Matt., var. Herefordiensis, Cke.> Illustr., pi. 347. On the ground. Subcaespitose. A^ery handsome; the flesh thin in proportion to the size of the pileus, soft, white, becoming yellowish. The spores are shed copiously, powdering the distant ring and apex of the stem. Eing sometimes ample, radiato-striate, veined. (Fries.) Var. Vahlii, Sebum., Fl. Danica, t. 1496; pileus even, glabrous ; gills almost free. Difters more especially from the typical form in the smooth pileus. Pholiota caperata. Pers. Pileus 3-5 in. across, flesh thin, ovate then expanded, obtuse, moist, viscid only when moist, covered with super- ficial white particles, more or less bright yellow; gills PHOLIOTA. 211 adnate, seceding, tliio, 2-3 lines broad, margin serrulate, pallid then tan-colour; stem 4-6 in. long, up to 1 in. thick, cylindrical or swollen at the Lase, white, apex shining white, sqiiannilose from the superior, membranaceous, deflexed ring, solid; spores elliptical, 12 X 4'5 yu,. Agaricus caperatus^ Persoon, Syn., p. 273; Cke., Hdbk., p. 140; Cke., Illiistr., pi. 348. In woods. Solitary, or two or three together. Large, stout, but pileus thin in proportion. The young pileus is covered with white flocci, crowded at the even disc and squamulose towards the thin lacunose sulcate margin, becoming naked. A persistent volva is sometimes present at the base of the stem during rainy weather. There is a smaller form in pine woods, with a short stem, lJ-3 in. long, and with the pileus even. (Fries.) Pholiota terrigena. Fr. Pileus l|-3 in. across, fleshy, rather compact, lenticular then flattened, obtuse, adpressedly silky-fibrillose, pale dingy yellow ; flesh yellow ; gills adnate with a decurrent tooth, about 2 lines broad, scarcely crowded, yellowish then ferruginous v/ith an olive tinge ; stem about 2 in. long and 3-5 lines thick, flesh fibrous, not thickened at the base, dingy yellow, variegated with squarrose, small ferruginous wart-like squamules; partial veil remains in ipavt on the stem, forming a ring, and in part appendiculate at the margin of the pileus, stuffed ; spores broadly elliptical, 5 X 3 /x. Agaricus (Pholiota) ierrigenus. Fries, in Vet. Ak. Forh., 1851 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 141 ; Cke., Illustr., t. 349. Damp ground in woods, &c. A small form occurs with the veil obliterated, may readily be confounded with Cortinarius venetus and Cortinarius de- jpexus. (Fries.) Pholiota erebia. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, convex then flattened, glabrous, rather viscid, hygrophanous, often wrinkled, margin striate, umber with an olivaceous tinge, ochraceous-tan when dry ; flesh thin, dingy ; gills adnate, rather distant, 2 lines broad, pallid then dingy cinnamon ; stem 2 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, equal, somewhat striate, soon pale, hollow ; ring r 2 212 FUXGUS-FLOKA. superior, soon drooping with the margin upturned, often striate. Agaricus (PJioliota) erehius, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 246 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 141 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 328 . Agaricus jecoriniis, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 328. Grassy places in woods, &c. Gregarious, rather fragile, pileus often rugulose, lurid, when dry ochraceous-tan. (Fries.) The pileus is sometimes more or less umbonate, also some- times depressed. Pholiota ombrophila. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, convex then flattened, gibbous, even, smooth, h^'grophanous, wholly pale dingy feriuginous when moist, tan colour wlien dry ; flesh thin, white ; gills adnate, soon seceding, ventricose, crowded, narrowest in front, tan- colour then ferruginous; stem 3-4 in. long, 3—4 lines thick, equal, rather fragile, faintly fibrillose or striate, pallid, hollow ; ring distant, entire, white ; spores elliptical, rusty, 8 X 3-0 /x. Agaricus (^Pholiota) omhropJiila, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 216; Cke., Hdbk., p. 141 ; Cke., lllustr., ph 359. Agaricus iogularis, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 241 ; Fries, Elench., p. 33. In grassy places, after heavy rains. Much larger than Pholiota togularis ; when moist wholly dilute ferruginous, pileus 3 in, broad, tan-colour when dry. Flesh white. Stem firm, 3-5 lines thick. (Fries.) White wart-like fragments of the veil are often present on the pileus near the margin. Var. brunneola, Fries, Icon., pi. 103. Pileus 1 J in. across, obtuse, brown ; gills narrower than the typical form (1^ line) ; stem 1 J in. long. On the ground. Pholiota togularis. Bull. Pileus |-lj in. across, flesh thin, becoming yellow, cam- panulate then expanded, obtuse, orbicular, glabrous, not striate, pale ochraceous ; gills adnate, seceding, 1^^ lines broad, \entricose, crowded, yellowish then pale ferruginous ; siem 3-4 in. long, 2 lines thick, equal, rigid, often flexuous, PIIOLIOTA. 213 dilute ochraceons, paler Tipwaids, hollow ; riog distant from the apex, entire, spreadinu^; spores elliptical, 8 x S'o fx. Aijaricus togularis, Bulliard, Champ. Fr., t. 595, f. 2 ; Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 216; Fries, Icon., t. 104; Cke., Hdbk., p. 141 ; Cke., lUustr., ]}\. 350. Agariciis mesodactyliis^ B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 681, t. 9, f. 1. Amongst grass, in gardens, &c. Very variable. Slender, size very variable. Gregarious. Pholiota blattaria. Fr. Pileus J-|- in. across, flesh thin, campanulate, soon flattened, rather umbonate, glabrous, ferruginous, hygrophanous, mar- gin striate; gills rounded behind and free, ventricose, crowded, 1 line broad, w^atery cinnamon; stem I-ItV in. long, 1 line thick, equal, straight, white, hollow ; ring distant, silky, entire, white ; spores elliptical, 4 x 2 /x. Agariciis {Plioliota) hlattaria. Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 246; Cke., Hdbk., p. 373; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1172b. In gardens, &c. Elegant, small, very distinct, but requires to be carefully distinguished from small forms of Pholiota togularis. Grassy places by paths. Small, but pretty, stem fistulose, Ih in. long, scarcely 1 line thick, equal, straight, rather fra- gile, below the distant, medium, entire, leflexed ring, silky and white. Pileus rather fleshy, thin, convex when young then plane, obtuse or obtusely umbonate, yellowish-tan, disc darker, almost ferruginous, ^-1 in. broad, not more, margin striate, even when dry and becoming pale. Flesh similarly coloured, very thin. Gills rounded behind, free, ventricose, 1 line broad, crowded, quaternate, watery cinnamon. Spores ferruginous. JResembles a Galera with a ring. (Fries.) ** PJiaeoti. Pholiota dura. Bolton. Pileus 2 in. across, fleshy, rather compact, convexo-plane, smooth, at length cracked, margin even, tawny-tan, becoming- fuscous ; gills adnate, striato-decurrent with a tooth, 3-5 lines broad, livid then rusty-brow^n ; stem l|^-2 in. long, 4—6 lines thick ; thickest at the apex where it is mealy, some- 214 FUXGUS-FLORA. times veiitricose or irregular, .stuffed, wliitisli ; ring apical, torn ; spores elliptical, almost ferruginous, 8-9 X 5-6 //,. Agaricus durus, Bolton, Fung. Halifax, t. 67, f. 1 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 142 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 423. On the ground in gardens, &c. The root consists of a number of fibres issuing from the hard compressed bottom of the stem. The stem is round, solid, 2 in. high, and of a pale whitish-buff colour. The curtain is very delicate and tender ; it is white, and breaks and vanishes in the infancy of the plant. The gills are extremely numerous, deep, semi-oval, and regularly arranged in three series ; they are thin and of a pale grcjyish colour. The pileus is convex, even, and smooth at the rim ; the surface smooth, of a pale dusky yellow, and feels like vellum; the substance of the whole plant very hard and brittle. (Bolton.) Pholiota praecox. Pers. Pileus lJ-3 in. across, fleshy, soft, convex, soon plane, ob- tuse, almost glabrous, even, whitish then tan-colour, moist but not viscid in rainy weather, becoming j^ale ; gills emar- ginate, adnexed, crowded, 3 lines broad, white then brownish ; stem 2-4 in. lung, 3-4 lines thick, cylindrical, mealy and l^ubescent then glabrous, fragile, whitish, filled Avith j^ith then hollow ; ring white, reflexed, entire ; spores brownish, 8-13 X 6-7 fx. Agaricus praecox, Persoon, Syn., p. 420 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 142 ; Cke., Hlustr., pi. 360; Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 217. Amongst grass, &c., in gardens. In spring. Spores fuscous-brown ; pileus yellowish-white ; gills with a subdecurrent tooth. Tar. minor, pileus scarcely 1 in. across, ring torn, appendiculate. (Fries.) Pholiota sphaleromorpha. Bull. Pileus I2-2 in. across, flesh thin, convex then plane, even, yellow ; gills arcuato-decurrent, dry, 3'ellowish-white then becoming brownish; stem 3-4 in. long, 2-4 lines thick, incrassated at the base, silky, yellowish, stuffed then be- coming j^artly hollow ; ring ample, distant, entire, mem- branaceous. Agaricus spJialeromorplius, Bull., Champ., t. 450, f. 1 ; Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 217. PHOLIOTA. 215 Amongst leaf soil, &c. Stem stufted or partly hollow, 3-4 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, attenuated upwards, silky, yellowish, base incrassated, villose ; ring median, amj^le, spreading, lax, even, consisting of a very thin membrane. Pileus fleshy, thin, convexo-plane, obtuse, €ven, smooth, yellow, 2 in. broad, smaller in proportion to the stem than in Pholiota praecox or P. durus. Gills not sinuate behind, but equally broad and truly decurrent, lineai-, 1^ line broad, yellowish then ferruginous-tan, or at lengtli becoming brownish. (Fries.) Pholiota molliscoria. Cke. & Mass. Pileus 2-8 in. across, convex then plane, at length de- pressed, obtuse, even, smooth, soft like kid leather, tawny- yellow, paler towards the margin, dry, shining ; flesh very thin, yellow like that of the stem ; gills adnexed, rounded behind, ventricose, 2 lines broad, crowded, thin, ferruginous ; stem about 3 in. long, -j-^ in. thick, equal, straight, silk}', punctately squamulose at the apex, pale yellow, hollow ; ring distant, broad, yellow then ferruginous from the spores, deciduous; spores elliptic-fusiform, ferruginous, 12 x 5-6 /x. Agaricus (^Pholiotci) molliscorium, Cooke & Massee, Grev., vol. xvii. p. 1 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 173; Cke., lUustr., pi. 1171. On the ground. Gregarious. Taste and smell none. Habit that oi Pliolita praecox, with which it was associated, but differing in the yellow colour, and the bright ferruginous gills. (Cke. & Mass.) B. TEUNCIGEKL * Aegeritini. Pholiota radicosa. Bull. Pileus 2-4 in. across, fleshy, symmetrical, obtuse, even, glabrous, spotted, pale greyish-tan; gills free, ventricose, 3-4 lines broad, pallid then reddish -brown ; stem 4-6 in. long, |- in. or more at thickest part, more or less ventricose below the middle, and passing into a tapering root, concentrically squamulose up to the distant ring, mealy and smooth above, coloured like the pileus or paler, solid ; spores pijD-shaped, pale, 9 X 4J /x. 216 FUNGUS-FLORA, Agai'icus radicosus, 'BulWsiTdj ChaiR-p., t. 160; Cke., Hdbk., p. 142; Cke., Illustr., pi. 361. Near to stumps, in woods. Known by the attenuated, rooting stem, free gills, and strong scent. ISmell strong, rather sweet, grateful, taste peculiar. Solitary or gregarious, not caespitose. Stem solid, firm, but S]i(>ngy within, 3-4 in. long, ^ in. thick, white, incrassated at the base and fusiformly rooting ; below the distant, entire, rather erect ring, concentrically squamose, squamules erect, floccose ; apex mealy. Pileus fleshy, convex then plane, regular, naked and even, almost dry, 3-5 in. broad, almost clay-colour, then from the spores of superposed specimens, spotted with rufous. Flesh fairly thick, white. Gills rounded behind, almost free, very much crowded, 3 lines broad, pallid, then, like the spores, rufo-ferruginous. (Fries.) Pholiota pudica. Fr. Pileus 1-3 in. across, fleshy, convex then expanded or even sometimes depressed, obtuse, even, dry, glabrous, white or slightly tinged with tawny ; gills rounded behind, ad- iiexed, ventricose, 2 lines broad, whitish then tawny; stem. 1-2 in. long, 2-5 lines thick, straight or most frequently incurved and ascending, equal, even, white, solid ; ring superior, spreading, white, persistent ; spores elliptical, 6-7 X 3-5 /x. Agaricus (^Pholiota) piidicus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 218 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 142; Cke., Jllustr., pi. 362. Agaricus alhus, BuUiard, Champ., t. 597, f. 2, E.S. On trunks of elder and other trees. Simple or caespitose ; stem sometimes excentric and curved at the base. According to Bulliard's figure quoted above, the pileus is pruinose at the disc. Pholiota leochroma. Cooke. Pileus li-2J in. across, fleshy, convex then plane, at length depressed, soft, smooth, not shining, tawny; gills adnate, rounded behind, slightly ventricose, 2-3 lines broad, pallid then cinnamon-colour; stem 3-4 in. long, 3 lines thick, nearty equal, even, solid, whitish, ring persistent, superior, tawny ; spores profuse. Agaricus (Pholiota^ ieocliromus, Cke., Journ. Bot. (18 63)', t. 3,'f. 3; Cke., Hdbk., p. 143; Cke., Illustr., pi. 363. PHOLIOTA. 217 On stumps, &c. Caespitose. In Cooke's figure the pileus is yellowisli-wliite at the margin, passing into tawny at the disc, the sui lace, especially at the disc becoming cracked in an areolate manner. Pholiota capistrata. Cooke. Pileus 1^-2 in. across, flesh rather thick, white, convex, margin involute, slightly striate, pale din p. 144; Cke., lUustr., pi. 351. On trunks ; caespitose. Disc of the pileus compact, when young, and after expan- sion towards the margin, floccose, rusty-yellow. Gills at length bay. (Fries.) I'he pileus is not so glutinous as in Plioliota acUj)osa, and the stem is not viscid. P. spectabilis differs in having the pileus perfectly dry (not viscid), and in the adnato-decurrent gills. Forming small clusters and often solitary. Smell scarcely noticeable. Stem stufi'ed, partly rooting, about 3 in. long, .^-| and more thick, almost equal, not attenuated at the base, but often thickened, comironl}^ curved, covered with adpressed, floccosely fibrillose, brownish-ferruginous tomen- tum, then almost naked, fibrillose, yellowish. Eing silky on the margin of the inflexed pileus, submembranaceous on the stem near to the pileus. Pileus fleshy, campanulate then convex, disc compact and gibbous after expansion, 3-5 in. broad, moist, scarcely viscid, in the young stage, and towards the margin when older, with scattered, adpressed, spot-like darker scales, yellow or ferruginous-yellow. Flesh of pileus and stem white then yellowish. Gills sinuate, adnexed, broad, crowded, at first whitish then straw-colour, at length ferruginous-bay, or almost brown, never with an olive shade. Spores ferruginous. (Fries.) Pholiota squarrosa. Miill. Pileus 2—4 in. across, fleshy, campanulate then expanded, often gibbous, dry, yellowish-brown, covered with darker, innate, squarrose scales; gills slightly decurrent, crowded, about 2 lines broad, pallid olive then ferruginous ; stem 3-5 in. long, 3-5 in. thick, slightly attenuated towards the base, flexuous or ascending, pale tawn^'-brown and covered Avith PHOLIOTA. 221 darker recurved scales as far up as the superior, spreading, floccose ring, smooth and pale above the ring, stuffed ; spores ferruginous, 8 X 4 /x. Agaricus squarrosus, Miill., Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 143 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 144; Cke., lUustr., pi. 3(57. On trunks of trees, on and near stumps, &c. (Jaespitose; strong smelling, dull orange-ferruginous, some- times compact, at others thin. On decaying stumps of various trees, but particularly of the ash. Growing in tufts, frequently numerous, cap 1-4 in. across, various in form, but always more or less convex ; sometimes obtusely umbonate, surface scattered with tufts of hairs collected into rigid, bristly points, somewhat erect and revolute, rarely adpressed ; margin rather rounded, often ragged, from the remains of a part of the veil ; colour rich brownish or reddish-j-ellow. Gills numerous, irregular, rather narrow, pale, with a greenish hue. Stem 3-6 in. high, thickish, similar in colour to the cap, but darker towards the base, which is generally attenuated, but sometimes equal ; rugged, with brown scaly tufts, generally though not always solid. Veil ragged, brown, surrounding the stem in the form of a collar, and remaining for a considerable time. Flesh firm, thick, whitish, often with a tinge of yellow or green. (Grev.) Var. MUUeri. Fr. Pileus obtuse, pallid, adpressedly scaly, moist, gills brown- ish; spores elliptical, 8 x 4 /x. Agaricus squarrosus, var. Millleri, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 243 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 145; Cke., Illustr., pi. 471. On trunks and stumps. Var. verruculosus. Lasch. Pileus compact, obtuse, yellow, crowded with cinnamon scales and warts ; stem villosely squamose. Agaricus squarrosus, var. verruculosus^ Lasch, n. 353 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 145 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 614. On trunks. Var. reflexus. Schaeff., t. 80. Pileus thin, cuspidately umbonate, piloso-squamose ; stem rather hollow, long, equal ; ring often membranaceous. At the roots of onk-trees, &c. 222 FUNGUS-FLORA. Pholiota subsquarrosa. Fr. Pileus 1},-2.V in. across, fleshy, convex, viscid, ferruginous- brown, with darker, ad pressed, floccose scales ; gills slightly adnexed, crowded, 2-3 lines broad, yellow, then dingy tan ; stem 2-3 .V in. long, 3 lines thick, eqnal, stuffed then hollow, yellow, ornamented with darker subsquarrose scales as high up as the superior imperfect ring, smooth above the ring. Ar/aricus (Pholiota) suhsquarrosiis, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 298 ; Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 221 ; Fries, Icones, ii. p. 3, pi. 103 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 145. On dead wood, also on the ground near trunks. Subcaespitose, almost inodorous. Stem stuffed (often hollow when old), 3 in. long, equal, ferruginous-yellow, densely covered with darker scales that are adpressed or with the tips free ; even above the annular zone. A distinct ring is not present. Pileus fleshy, convex, obtuse or gibbous, about 2 in. broad, viscid, brownish-ferruginous. Gills deeply sinuate behind, emarginate, almost free, crowded, pale at first, then dingy yellow ; spores ferruginous. TFries.) With the habit and general appearance of PJioUota squarrosa, but known at once by the almost free gills. "ff Gills yellow, then pure ferruginous or tawny. Pholiota spectabilis. Fr. Pileus 3-5 in. across, compact, fleshy, convex then ex- panded, dry, cuticle torn up into silky, fibrillose scales, bright tawny-orange, becoming paler ; flesh firm, sulphur- yellow ; stem 3-4 in. long, 1 in. and more at the thickest part^ ventricose below the middle, rather rooting, peronate, yellow tinged with tawny uj) to the inferior, ample, persistent, spreading ring, paler and mealy above ; gills adnato-decurrent, crowded, rather narrow, yellow then ferruginous ; spores elliptical, ferruginous, 9 x 4 /x. Agaricus (Pholiota) spectahilis. Fries, Elench., p. 28 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 145 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 352. On stumps. Subcaespitose. More or less densely caespitose, very compact, in dry weather shining as if varnished, but not at all viscid. Stem solid, firm, 3 in. and more long, 1 in. thick, more or less PHOLIOTA. 22 o Tentricose and ending in a fusiform rooting base, peronate from the veil ; sometimes truly glabrous, shining, sometimes squamulose, sulphur-colour, even and mealy above the in- ferior, persistent, spreading ring. Pileus flesh}^ compact, hemispherical, obtuse, dry, 2-5 in. broad, torn into adpressed, innate, similarly coloured squamules, the inflexed margin continued by the veil. Flesh thick, hard, sulphur-colour, bitter-aromatic to the taste. Gills adnate, often -svith a de- current tooth, closely crowded, narrow, at first pure yellow, then ferruginous. Distinct and remote from every species, analogous with P//oZ/o^rt aurea, but perhaps most nearly allied to PhoUota radicosa. (Fries.) Pholiota adiposa. Fr. Pileus 2-4 in. across, fleshy, compact, convex, obtuse, glu- tinous, yellow, with centrically arranged, superficial, seced- ing, darker squarrose scales ; flesh whitish ; gills adnate, 3-4 lines broad, yellow then ferruginous ; stem 3-6 in. long. Tip to f in. thick, subequal, base somewhat bulbous, yellow, furnished with concentrically-arranged ferrugin(ms, eva- nescent squamules up to the superior floccose, radiating ring, stuffed ; sjDores elliptical, ferruginous, 7 X 3 /x. Agaricus (Pholiota) adij)osus, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 242 (not of Batsch) ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 145 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 535. On trunks. Caespitese. Distinguished by the glutinous pileus and stem, both of which are at first covered with ferruginous squamules that ajDpear to deliquesce in the gluten. Usually caespitose and forming large clusters. When well- developed, very showy, often very large. Stem solid, 3- 6 in. long, h-1 in. thick, thickened downwards, compact, whitish when young, then yellow, viscid, covered with squarrose, reflexed squamules, that become ferruginous from the falling spores, at length disappearing, ring for the most part curtain-like, floccoso- radiating, yellow, at length ferru- ginous. Pileus fleshy, convex then expanded, rather gib- bous, 3-7 in. broad, very viscid, dripping gluten in rainy weather, yellow, at first covered with superficial, floccose subconcentric, at first adpressed, then squarrose, reflexed. ferruginous squamules, shining in dry weather from the dried-up gluten. Flesh whitish, compact at the disc. Gills 224 FUNGUS-FLOEA. adnate, slightly rounded, broad, very entire, pale yellow then ferruginous. (Fries.) Pholiota lucifer. Lasch. Pileus 1-2 .\ in. across, fleshy, convex then alraost plane, Toecoming nnibonate, viscid, covered at first with darker, adpressed scales which soon disappear, yellow; gills adfixed, narrow, crenulate, almost golden yellow, then ferruginous ; stem 1-2 in. long, equal, rather squamulose, yellowish, base ferruginous, stuffed ; ring distant. Agaricus lucifer, Lasch, n. 356 ; Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 222 ; Krombh., t. 3, f. 2. On trunks, branches, straw, &c. Small (2 in. across), much more slender than PJioUota 4xdiposa, from which the present is quite distinct. Pileus yellow, becoming, along with the stem, at length smooth ; stem ferruginous without and within, fibrillose. I once found in a pine wood an allied form; subterrestrial, stem hollow, gills emarginate. (Fries.) Pholiota flammans. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, fleshy, convexo-plane, slightly umbonate, dry, tawny-yellow, with scattered, minute, pale yellow squamules ; gills rather rounded or sinuate, adnexed, crowded, margin entire, yellow then tawny; stem about 2—2h in. long, 3 lines thick, equal, rather flexuous, with squarrose squamules up to the superior ring, yellow, stuffed then hollow ; spores elliptical, ferruginous, 8 X 4 /x. Agaricus (Pholiota) flammans, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 244; Cke., Hdbk., p. 146; Cke., Illustr., pi. 368 (the pale squamules on the pileus omitted). On pine trunks and amongst pine leaves. Subcaespitose. Very elegant. Known by the pale yellow squamules on the tawny yellow pileus, and the scaly stem. Stem stuffed then hollow, 3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal, often flexuous, furnished with deep yellow, crowded, squar- rose squamules. Ring membranaceous, entire, near to the pileus, yellow. Pileus fleshy, convex then plane, subum- bonate, 2—1 in. broad, absolutely dry, tawny-yellow, with seattered, superficial, squarrose, sulphur-coloured squamules; margin at first inflexed, then repand. Flesh thin, yellow, PHOLIOTA. 225 not hygrophanous. Gills adnate, without a decurrent toothy rather thin, crowded, at first bright isulphur-coloiir, then lorruginous, edge very entire. The sulphur-coloured scales OH the tawny pileus distinguish this species from every other. (Fries.) Pholiota Junonia. Fr. Pileus 2-3.1/ in, across, fleshy, convex then plane, often gibbous, dry, even, glabrous, rich yellow or tawny-yeliow; i;ills adnate, slightly rounded behind, crowded, yellow then tawny ; stem 2-4 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, equal, even, incurved, yellowish upwards, tawny below, above the rather large, entire ring, furfuraceous, solid; spores ferruginous. Agaricus (Flioliotd) Junoniiis, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 244; Cke., Hdbk., p. 146 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 369. On. trunks. The solitarj'- or subsolitary habit, and smooth stem and pileus mark the present species. Stem solid 1^-2 in. long, 3-4 in. thick, equal, firm, in- curved, often excentric, even (not squamose), yellow ; ring reflexed, approaching the pileus, above which the stem is farinaceous. Pileus fleshy, firm, convexo-plano, obtuse, 2 in. broad, dry, even, glabrous, yellow; flesh compact, pallid; gills adnate, crowded, broad in proportion, plane, yellow, at length ferruginous. Eequires to be carefully distinguished from forms of Flammula Jiyhrkla with a ring. (Fries.) Pholiota tuberculosa. Schaeff. Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thick, compact, yellow, convex then flattened, dry, glabrous, at length splitting up into innate squamules, tawny-yellow, margin paler ; gills sinuate, adnexed, 2 lines broad, plane, pale yellow then tawny or spotted with ferruginous, margin serrulate; stem 1-H in. long, 2-3 lines thick, incurved, more or less bulbous, root- ing, fibrillose, hollow, the partly membranaceous ring deciduous, yellowish, base sometimes ferruginous; spores elliptical, pale ferruginous, 7 x 4 /x. Agaricus (Pholiota) tuberculosus, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 244 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 146; Cke., lllustr., pi. 370a ; Fries, Icones^ ii., p. 4, t. 104, f. 2. On trunks, chiefly birch. VOL. ir. • Q 226 FUNGUS-FLORA. Solitary. Stem hollow, scarcely exceeding an inch in length, 2-3 lines thick, base bulbous, incurved, fibrillose, rather squamulose, often excentric yellow. Ring submeni- branaceous, reflexed, deciduous, hence the species might be taken for a Flammida. Pileus compact, fleshy, but some- times thin, slightly convex, soon plane, obtuse, sometimes depressed, 1-2 in. broad, very dry, tawny-yellow, glabrous, but broken up into innate adpressed scales. Gills sinuate behind, crowded, at first yellow, then foxy or ferruginous. Spores rusty-ochraceous. (Fries.) Pholiota curvipoda. Alb. & Schw. Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, yellowish, convex then expanded, obtuse, becoming broken up into minute, ad- pressed, floccose scales, tawny-yellow ; gills broadly adnate, crowded, 2 lines broad, at first yellowish then tawny ; stem 1-2 in. long, incurved more or less, 1-2 lines thick, fibrillose, ring floccose, yellow, hollow ; spores ferruginous. Agaricus curvipes, Albertini & Schweinitz, Consp., p. 471 ; Fries, Icones, p. 3, pi. 104, f. 3 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 146 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 370b. On trunks. Gregarious, subcaespitose, inodorous, very variable. Stem hollow, 1-2 in. long, 1 line thick, equal, crowded, (rarely almost straight, as in the fig Icon., pi. 104, f. 3) tough, fibrillose or slightly squamulose, yellow. Eing rarely evident, usually consisting of radiating fibrils, soon evanes- cent ; and hence easily mistaken for a Flammida. Pileus fleshy, thin, but rather firm and tough, convex then plane, 1-2 in. broad, obtuse, dry, tawny-yellow. Pileus when young entirely innato-flocculose, then torn into minute scales. Gills obtusely adnate, crowded, broad behind, yellow, sides pale, at length tawny. Spores ferruginous. (Fries.) Pholiota cruentata. Cke. & Sm. Pileus about 2 in. across, fleshy, convex then expanded, obtuse, dry, yellow, breaking up into darker adpressed scales, margin incurved ; gills rather distant, emarginate, 2-3 lines broad, yellow then tan-colour, finally separating from the stem ; stem of the same colour as the pileus, curved, 1^2 in. PHOLIOTA. 227 long, 3 lines thick at the apex, curved, solid, attenuated at the base and rooting, dark red-brown and sparsely squamulose below; flesh pale yellow, at length changing to cinnabar colour ; ring superior, iibrillose. Agaricus (PTioliota) cruentata, Cooke & Smith, Grev., xiii. p. 58; Cke., Hdbk., p. 1-iG; Cke., Illustr., pi. 502. On oak sturaps, also on burnt ground. Allied to Fholiota tuhercidosa and P. curvipoda, but dis- tinguished by the rooting dark red-brown base of the stem and the cinnabar-coloured flesh. Taste insipid. *** Hygroi^liani. Pholiota paxillus. Fr. Pileus 3-5 in. across, rather compact, gibboso-convex, then expanded, even, moist, rather repand, dark cinnamon-colour ; paler when dry ; gills rather decurrent, crowded, broad, cinnamon ; stem 4-6 in. long, h i^- ^^d more thick, slightly attenuated upwards, smooth, even, cinnamon, solid ; ring superior, narrow, spreading. Agaricus (Plioliota) paxillus. Fries, Epicr., p. 168 ; Bulliard, Champ. 543, f. 2 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 147. On trunks. Solitary. Large, 3-5 in. broad, firm, entirely cinnamon- colour, pileus moist, becoming pale, silky when dry, at length depressed towards the centre. (Fries.) Pholiota dissimulans. B. & Br. Pileus f-1 in. across, obtusely campanulate, then ex- panded with the margin involute, and often gibbous or obtusely umbonate, scarcely viscid, hygrophanous, lurid then becoming pale; flesh thin, white; gills sinuately adnate, at length decurrent, 2 lines broad, pallid tan; stem 1^2 in. long, 1-1 i^ line thick at the apex, thickened downwards, white, cottony at the base, hollow ; ring superior, erect, often persistent, white ; spores elliptical, 7 X 4-4 • 5 jx. Agaricus {Plioliota) dissimulans, Berk. & Broome, Ann. of Nat. Hist., n. 1940; Cke., Hdbk., p. 147; Cke., Hlustr., pi. 371. On fallen sticks. Q 2 228 FUNGUS-FLORA. Distinguislied by the lurid (dingy brownisli-olive), slight! j Tiscid, glabrous pileus and the straight white stem. Pholiota Cookei. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, conical then convex, viscid when moist, dirty pale yellow or yellowish-white, clad with scattered, darker, adpressed scales ; flesh thin, white ; gills adnate, slightly ventricose, 1^^ in. broad, pale, at length brown; stem about 2 in. long, and 2 lines thick, equals fibrillose wp to the very thin, imperfect, superior ring, whitisli upwaids, reddish-brown below ; solid ; spores narrowly elliptic-fusiform, brownish, 6 X 2'o fx. Agaricus (Pholiota) Coolcei, Fries, Grev., vol. v. p. 56, t. 82^ f. 1 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 147 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 354. On the ground amongst grass, &c. Solitary or in small clusters. Care must be taken not to- confound the jjresent species with some of the terrestrial species of Flammula. Distinguished from Flioliota terrigena by the absence of an olivaceous tinge on the gills. Pholiota confragosa. Fr. Pileus 1-H in. across, flesh thin, convex then plane^ obtuse, hygrophanous, margin striate, rufous-cinnamon, tawny when dry, at first covered with minute, w^hitisk floccose squamules, then naked ; gills adnate, 1 line broad, very much crowded, reddish-brown ; stem about 2 in. long, equal ; below the distant ring obsoletely fibrillosely peronate, hollow, rufous, spores elliptic-oblong, ferruginous, 8 X 4/x. Agaricus (Pholiota) cotifragosus, Fries, Epicr., p. 169; Fries, Icon., ii. p. 4, pi. 105 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 148. On trunks, &c. A very distinct and remarkable species. Subcaespitose, fragile. I have seen two forms: (1) Small (young), stem 1 in. long, 2 lines thick, fibrillosely peronate by the veil and terminating near the apex in a membranaceous, joersistent, spreading ring, stem above the ring striate, naked. (2) (Old), stem up to 3 in. long, but slender, scarcely a line thick, and like the pileus, naked, ring collapsed. Colour cinnamon-rufoiis, tawny when dry. Gills adnate, linear, very narrow, much crowded, very thin, cinnamon-rufous, sometimes tinged with pu]p)le. (Fries.) PHOLIOTA. 229 Pholiota mutabilis. Schaeff. Pileus variaLle in size, 1-4 in.' across, fleshy, convex then expanded, usually obtusely nmbonate, sometimes depressed round the umbo, glabrous, deep cinnamon-colour, becoming pale; gills adnato-decurrent, crowded, rather broad, pallid then cinnamon-colour; stem l?.-- i in. long, rigid, equal, squarrosely scaly up to the superior membranaceous ring, brownish below, pale ujowards, hollow, often incurved and ascending; spores 9-11 X o-6 /x. Agaricus mutabilis, Schaeffer, t. 9 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 148 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 355. On trunks, rarely on the ground. Caespitose. The pileus is sometimes covered with seceding scalfs. Densely caespitose ; stature various, stem rigid, stuffed then hollow, about 2-3 in. long, 2 lines and more thick, equal or attenuated downwards, squarroso-squamulose up to the ring, black isli-ferruginous or umber below, often ascending or wavy. Eing membranaceous, minutely scaly out- side. Pileus rather fleshy, convex then expanded, commonly obtusely umbonate, sometimes truly depressed, even and glabrous, but when young sometimes entirely covered with squamules, about 2 in. broad, hygrophanous, cinnamon when moist, becoming pale when dry. Gills adnato-decurrent, crowded, rather broad, pallid then cinnamon. (Fries.) Pholiota marginata. Batsch. Pileus about 1 in. across, rather fleshy, convex then ex- panded, moist, hygrophanous, glabrous, margin striate, honey-colour becoming pale tan when dry ; gills adnate, crowded, about 1 line broad, watery cinnamon ; stem 1^-2 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, equal or slightly thickened at the base, soft, not scaly, mealy above the superior, fugacious ring, pale tan, ba^e darker and surrounded with white down, hollow ; spores 7-8 X 4 /x. Agaricus marginatus, Batsch, f. 207 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 148 ; Cke., Illustr., }>1. 372. On trunks, pine leaves, &c. Solitary or gregarious. Closely allied to Pholiota mutahilis, but constantly diverse, commonly smaller, solitary or gregarious, rarely caespitose. Stem fistulose, about 2 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, equal, less 230 FUNGUS-FLORA. rigid tlian in P. midcibilis, fibrillose or sliglitly striate, never scaly, coloured like the pileus, but brownish at the base and commonly white and velvety. Eing 1-2 lines from the apex, often curtain-like and fugacious. Pileus rather fleshy, convex then expanded, obtuse, 1 in. and more broad, even, glabrous, hygrophanous, paler than P. mutahiUs, honey- colour when moist, when dry tan-colour. Gills adnate, crowded, thin, narrow, at first pallid, then obscure cinnamon. Very variable, and difficult to determine when the veil has disappeared. (Fries.) Philiota mustelina. Fr. Pileus about J in. across, rather fleshy, campanulate then convex, even, glabrous, dry, tawny-yellow ; gills adnate, lather distant, about 1 line broad, tawny-cinnamon; stem 'r.-l in. long, not 1 line thick, slightly thickened and furnished with white down at the base, pallid- whitish, mealy above the reflexed ring. Agariciis {Plioliota) mustelinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 169 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 148; Cke., Illustr., jdI. 356a. On stumps. On pine wood, rare and solitar}-. Pileus yellow, ochraceous, scarcely hygrophanous. (Fries.) Pholiota unicolor. Fl. Dan. Pileus about J in. across, flesh thin, campanulate, then convex, slightly umbonate, glabrous, almost even, at length slightly striate at the margin, hygrophanous, bay, ochraceous when dry ; gills adnate, seceding, broad, almost triangular, ochraceous-cinnamon ; stem l-l^^ in. long, about 1 line thick, almost glabrous and equal, coloured like the pileus, stuffed then hollow, often slightly curved at the base; ring- superior, slender, entire; spores 9-10 X 5 /x. Agaricus unicolor, Flora Danica, t. 1071, fig. 1 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 149 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 356b. On trunks, branches, &c. Subcaespitose. In Cooke's figure quoted above some of the specimens are 1 in. across, and the gills are adnate with a distinct decurrent tooth. Always small, slender, subgregarious. Stem stufied then hollow, Ih in. long, 1 line thick, equal, even, almost glabrous. PHOLIOTA. 231 colour of the jDileus. Eing membranaceous, entire, very small, persistent. Pileus fleshy, campannlato-convex, sub- Timbonate, 3-5 lines broad, glabrous, almost even, bay then ochraceous; gills slightly adnexed, ventricose, broad, pallid ochraceous. (Fries.) C. MUSCIGENI. Pholiota mycenoides. Fr. Pileus about k in, across, membranaceous, campanulate then convex, everywhere striate, hygrophanous, ferruginous, tawny or j^ale tan when dry ; gills adnate, rather distant, narrow, ferruginous; stem about IJ in. long, 1 line thick, glabrous, ferruginous, hollow, ring superior, membranaceous, white ; spores 8-10 x 5-6 /x. Agaricus (Pholiota) mycenoides, Fries, Cke., Hdbk., p. 149 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 50ob. Among moss in swamps, &c. In swamps amongst turf and sphagnum (with the stem elongated), gregarious. Very small, slender, ferruginous when growing, when dry sometimes tawny, at others becoming pallid, stem fistulose about 1^ in. long, J line thick, filiform, even, glabrous, tavtTiy-ferruginous ; ring membra- naceous, entire, white, persistent. Pileus membranaceous, campanulate, soon hemispherical, subobtuse, ^ in. broad, glabrous, striate, hygrophanous. Gills adnate and with a decurrent tooth, rather distant, at length plane, ferruginous. (Fries.) Pholiota pumila. Fr. Pileus about | in. across, rather fleshy, hemispherical, obtuse, even, hygrophanous, glabrous, ochraceous or rarely brownish-cinnamon; flesh dingy; gills adnate, crowded, Ih line broad, pallid-yellowish; stem 1-2 in. long, about 1 line thick, yellow subfibrillose, hollow ; ring superior, floccose, not membranaceous, only forming a zone round the stem; spores 8-10 x o—6 (x. Agaricus (Fholiota) pumila. Fries, Mon., i. p. 321 ; Fries, Icones, ii. p. 5, pi. 105 (form with brownish-cinnamon pileus); Cke., Hdbk., p. 149; Cke., Illustr., pi. 503a. 232 FUNGUS-FLORA. On the ground among grass, moss, &c. Small, solitary or gregarious, stem obsoletely fistulose, 1-2 in. long, scarcely a line thick, equal, lax, even, glabrous, yellowish, ring floccose in texture, i'orming a zone round the stem, white. Pileus rather fleshy for its size, campanulate then hemispherical, 4—5 lines hroad, even, glabrous, not moist. Colour normally ochraceous, but brownish cinnamon in specimen figured (in Icones, pi. 105, f. 4) ; gills entirely adnate, at first ascending then j)l'^ne, crowded, pallid. At once distinguished from all preceding species by the floccose, not membranaceous ring. (Fries.) ACETABULARIA. (Berk.) Pileus regular; gills free from the stem; stem central; universal veil present, remaining as a volva at the base of the stem ; spores tawny or brown. Acetahularia^ Berk., Linn. Journ., xviii., p. 389 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 139. LocelUna, Sacc, Syll., vol v., p. 761. Analogous with the genus Amanitopsis amongst the Leuco- gporae. The present genus Avas founded — as a subgenus — by Berkeley for the reception of brown or ochraceous spored agarics furnished with a vulva, and having free gills. The genus LocelUna, Gillett, founded for the reception of a rusty- spored sj^ecies having a universal veil that remains at the base of the stem as a volva, differs from Acetabularia in having a secondary veil and adnate gills, nevertheless Saccardo has made the mistake of sinking Berkeley's genus, and placing the species in LocelUna. Acetabularia acetabulosa. Berk. Pileus about 1 in. across, convex, tan -col our, margin plicate or deeply striate; flesh very thin; gills free, but coming close up to the stem, distant, Ih line broad, pale brown ; stem about 2 in. long, equal, white, hollow, the base surrounded by a small, whitish volva. Acjaricus (Acetabularia) acetabulosa, Berk., Linn. Journ., v. 18, p. 389 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 139 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 345 (copied from Sowerby). ACETABULARIA. 233 Agaricus acetahilosus. Sow., pi. 303. Found near Millbank, AVest minster. A little above hiirli- water mark, in May 1795. This is very like a poor specimen of Agaricus congregatus (Coprinus micaceus\ but the pilous is more plaited. The lamellae are remarkably glandular on their sides ; and instead of a bare base or foot it stands in a little socket-like volva. (Sowerby.) The present species has not been noted since Sowerby's time, and is a very uncertain production. Judging from the magnified section of the gills, the glands on their sides are cystidia. 234 FUNGUS-FLOKA. RHODOSPORAE. The pale flesh-coloured or salmon-coloured gills is the distinguishing feature of the present section. The gills, as in every section of the Agaricinae, are white when young, the colour presented at maturity being due to the colour of the spore-wall or epispore, and in the present section, unless care is taken, many pale-gilled species may be considered as belonging to the Leucosporae, especially if examined while still vigorous and growing, but such, when allowed to remain overnight in a cool place, show clearly the salmon- coloured gills in the morning. The spores are in some sj^ecies elliptical and smooth ; in others globose or oblong and angularly warted. The pink colour is evident under the microscope. Cystidia are present in the hymenium of many species. The present section is, numerically, the smallest included in the Agaricinae, and generally speaking, the species are somewhat rare. The usual sequence of structure is met with, commencing with stemless, resupinate, minute forms, passing through types showing decurrent, adnate, sintiate, adnexed, and free gills respectively. In the high forms primary or secondary veil is present, hence volvate and annulate species exist. ANALYSIS OF TEE GENEBA. A. Gills decurrent. * Stem excentric or absent. Claudopus. — Species minute. ** Stem central. Eccilia. — Pileus urabilicate; stem with a polished carti- laginous bark. Clitopilus. — Stem fibrous. CLAUDOPUS. 235 B. Gills adnate or adnexed, Leptonia. — Gills adnexed, soon separating from tlie stem ; margin of pileus incurved when young. Nolanea. — Gills adnexed, soon separating from the stem ; margin of pileus straight when young. Entoloma. — Gills sinuate, adnexed ; margin of pileus incurved when young ; stem fibrous. C. Gills free from the stem. Pluteus. — Volva and ring both absent. (Annularia. — Stem without a volva, but furnished with a ring.) Volvaria. — Stem with a distinct free volva at the base, ring absent. CLAUDOPUS. W. G. Sm. (figs. 1-3, p. 236.) Pileus excentric, lateral, or resupinate; stem very short entirely absent; gills pink, sinuate or decurrent; spores smooth or warted. Claudopus, Wovihington. G. Smith, Clavis Agaricin., p. 17; Cke., Hdbk., p. 138. The species are minute, and distinguished by the excentric or. resuj)inate pileus, and rudimentary or obsolete stem. Agreeing in structure with the degraded forms of Pleurotus, but distinguished by the pink spores. Claudopus variabilis. Pers. Pileus |-|- in. across, at first resupinate and fixed by the pileus, then more or less reflexed and often with a very short stem-like base, silky with white doAvn, margin incurved,, very thin, often Avavy; gills narrow, radiating from the point of attachment, rather distant, white then jpale salmon- colour ; spores elliptical, smooth, 3 x 2 /x. Agaricus variabilis, Persoon, Obs., 2, t. v. f. 12 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 138; Cke., Illustr., pi. 3-14A. 236 FUNGUS-FLOEA. FIGURES ILLUSTRATING THE BHODOSPORAE. Fig. 1, Claudopus depluens ; a large specimen ; nat. size ; — Fig. 2, vsection of same ; nat. size ; — Fig. 3, spores of same ; x 400 ; — Fig. 4, .Pluteus pellitus Sixxd section of same; nat. size; — Fig. 5, spores of same; X 400 ; — Fig. 6, Nolanea pascua ; half nat. size ; — Fig. 7, section of same ; half nat. size ; — Fig. 8, spores of same ; x 400 ; — Fig. 9, Volvaria CLAUDOPUS. 237 On dead wood, branches, &c. The gills remain for some time white, and is then liable Ur be mistaken for a Pleiiroius. Pileus rather fleshy, resnpinate then reflexed, furnished- with a short, incurved, villous stem springing from the centre; when the pileus is reflexed the stem becomes obliterated. Gills at first radiating from an excentria point, then meeting at the base, broad, rather distant, whitish then rubiginous ; often persistently sterile, when the gills remain white. (Fries.) Pileus half an inch to above one inch in breadth, round, or reniform, entire, sessile, resupinate at first, becoming gradually reflexed, so as ultimatel}^ to be only attached by its side, or obliquel}" by a small portion of its upper surface; very thin, membranaceous, delicate, pure white, downy; flesh almost none. Lamellae rather numerous, narrow, much accuminated as they approach the margin; at first white, gradually changing to a reddish colour tinged with pink, darkest towards the base, their common point of origin exceutrical. A very variable species, both in size, form, and mode of attachment. The prevailing characters are mentioned in the description ; but the mycologist must be pref)ared ta find it very whimsical. Fries says that it is sometimes furnished, when young, with a short, central, incurved stipes, which becomes lateral and obliterated, after the pileus is reflexed. The substance, delicate texture, aud colour, are constant. (Grev.) Claudopus depluens. Batsch. (figs. 1-3, p. 236.) Pileus up to h in. across, almost membranaceous, more or less convex and with the margin incurved, rather silky, whitish or with a tinge of red, hoary, either sessile or usually with a short downy, pale stem ; gills broad, ventri- volvacea; showing the large, loose volva at the base of the stem; nat. size; — Fig. 10, FoZvanVt femperaf a, section ; nat. size; — Fig. 11, Clitopilus 2jrnnulus, section: half nat. size; — Fjg. 12, Eccilia carneo-grisea, half nat. size; — Fig. 13, spores of same; X 400; — Fig. 14, Leptonia aethiops^ half nat. size; — Fig. 15, section of same; half nat. size; — Fig. 16, Ento- loma prunuloides, portion of section ; half nat. size ; — Fig. 17, Entoloma. placenta, pileus; half nat. size. 238 FUNGUS-FLORA. cose, crowded, grey then reddisH; spores globose, coarsely nodulose, 5-6 [x diameter. Agaricus depluens, Batscli, Consp., f. 122 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 139; Cke., Illustr., pi. 344b. On the ground, usually attached to moss. Very variable, sometimes with a central stem. Flesh thin ; watery, fragile. (Fries.) Distinguished from C. variabilis by the presence of a stem, and more especially by the globose, warted spores. Cooke's figures represent this species growing on wood. Claudopus byssisedus. Pers. Pileus up to I in. across, flesh rather thick, resupinate then horizontal, reniform, j)lane, downy, grey becoming pale, margin usually incurved ; stem lateral, very short, incurved, with white down at the base ; gills adnato-decurrent, rather broad, grey then with a pink tinge ; sjDores globose, angularly warted, 6-7 /x. Agaricus byssisedus, Persoon, Ic. Descr., t. 14, f. 4; Cke., Hdbk., p. 139; Cke., Illustr., t. 344c. On rotten wood, and on the ground. Distinguished by the grey pileus. resembling somewhat JPleiirotus api^licatus, but distinguished by the stem and piuk spores. Eesupinate when young, stem incurved, villous, attenuated upwards, more distinct (h in. long) and persistent than in Ag. depluens, clothed at the base with white down, exactly as in Ag. dictyorliizus, with which the present is exactly analo- gous. Pileus rather fleshy, at length horizontal, reniform, plane, -J-1 in. broad, even, villous, grey, pale when dry, flesh same colour, thin. Gills adnato-decurrent, ventricose, rather broad, greyish-white, then reddish from the spores. (Fries.) ECCILIA. Fries, (figs. 12, 13, p. 286.) Pileus thin, at first umbilicate, margin incurved when young ; gills narrowed behind, truly decurrent, not seceding when the pileus is much depressed, pinkish or salmon-colour ; stem central, cartilaginous, tubular (tube stuffed or hollow), ECCILIA. 239 more or less expanded upwards into the pileus; spores smooth or warted. Eccilia (as a subgenus of Agaricus), Fries, Syst. jMyc, i. p. 207. A small prenus, allied to Clitopilus in the decurrent gills. For distinctive features see under last-named genus. Corresponding in structure with Omphalia in the Leuco- sporae. Eccilia Parkensis. Fr. Pileus about J in. across, very thin, plano-convex, deeply umbilicate, very glabrous (not at all fibrillose), striate to the middle, brown when moist, blackish when dry, not hygro- phanous; gills decurrent, crowded, distinct, about 1 line broad, whitish then dingy flesh-colour ; stem about ^ in. long, hollow, not 1 line thick, attenuated downwards, glabrous, not punctate, brown; spores subglobose, coarsely nodulose, rosy, 8-10 /x diameter. Agaricus {Eccilia) Parkensis, Yries, in Yet. Ac. Forh., 1852; Cke., Hdbk., p. 136; Cke., Illustr., pi. 380a. Grassy places. A small species. Stem cartilaginous, hollow, scarcely 1 in. long, not 1 line thick, attenuated downwards, glabrous, not punctate, fuscons. Pileus membranaceous, plano-convex, deeply umbilicate, very glabrous, scarcely 1 in. across, striate to the middle, fuscous when moist, blackish when dry, but not at all hygrophanous. Gills about a line broad. Not easily comparable with any other species. Eeadily distinguished from allies by the pileus not becoming pale when dry. (Fries.) Eccilia carneo-grisea. B. & Br. (figs. 12, 13, p. 236.) Pileus -§-1 in. across, convex and umbilicate, finely striate, greyish flesh-colour, margin darker with micaceous particles ; flesh ver}^ thin ; gills slightly decurrent, distant, rather undulate, pinkish salmon-colour ; margin irregular, darker ; stem lJ-2 in. long, 1 line thick, slightly thickened and covered with white down at the base, jjolished, coloured like the pileus, hollow ; spores irregularly oblong, nodulose, Agaricus (Eccilia) carneo-griseus, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist. 240 FUNGUS-FLOPtA. (1865), pi. xiii., fig. 1; Cke., Hdbk., p. 136; Cke., Illnstr., 1d1. 380b. Amoug fir leaves, &c. Gregarious ; stem sometimes slightly wavy, shining. Eccilia griseo-rubella. Lasch. Pileus about 1 in. across, membranaceous, deeply umbili- cate, at length plane, striate, hygroj^banoiis, umber, hoary when dry; gills rather broad, slightly decurrent, rather distant, pallid then salmon-colour; stem lJ-2 in. long, equal, smooth, paler than the pileus, hollow ; spores angularly globose, warted, 9-10 jx diameter. Agaricus griseo-ruhellus, Lasch, in Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 212 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 136; Cke., Illustr., pi. 613a. On the ground in pine woods, &c. Gregarious, inodorous. Stem hollow, 2 in. long, I line thick, equal, even, glabrous, almost naked, colour of the pileus or a little paler. Pileus membranaceous, deeply umbilicate, margin at first arched then plane, 1 in. and more across, striate, hygrophanous, umber or brown whem moist, grey when dry. (Fries.) Eccilia atrides. Lasch. Pileus submembranaceous, plane, deeply umbilicate, striate, black or brown, becoming pale, virgate or finely streaked with black ; gills deeply decurrent, narrowed behind, rather crowded, pallid, margin black, minutely toothed; stem hollow, pallid upwards and dotted with black points. Agaricus (^Eccilia) atrides, Lasch, in Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 212; Cke., Hdbk., p. 137. In moist woods. A small species, respecting which more information is desirable. Fries suggests that it may be a modified form of Lejptonia serrulata. Eccilia nigrella. Pers. Small, somewhat tufted, pileus smooth, umbilicate, growing blackish, not punctate with black ; gills flesh-coloured then somewhat cinereous, with the edge of the same colour ; stem short, glaucous. Agaricus nigrella, Persoon, Syn., p. 463; Cke., Hdbk., p. 137; Berk. & Broome, Ann. Kat. Hist., no. 1651. ECCILIA. 241 lu pastures. United oy Fries with Eccilia atrkles, but considered distinct by Berkeley and Broome. This appears to be quite distinct from E. atrides ; the stem is not nigro-pnnctato above, nor are the gills nigro- denticulate. (B. & Br.) Eccilia rhodocylix. Lasch. Pileus about h in. across, very thin, deeply umbilicate or even infundibuliform, margin reflexed, hygrophanous, brownish and remotely striate when moist, minutely floccu- lose and grey when dry ; gills deeply decurrent, very distant, broad, few, with shorter ones alternating, whitish then flesh-colour ; stem up to 1 in. long, h line thick, thickened upwards, tough, glabrous, grey, stuffed ; spores subglobose, warted, 10 /x diameter. Agaricus (Eccilia) rhodocylix^ Lasch, no. 567; Cke., Hdbk., p. 137; Cke., Illustr., pi. 343a. On rotten trunks, &c. Distinguished by its habit, and very distant gills. A remarkable and very distinct species. Stem carti- laginous, tough, stuffed with soft pith, up to 1 in. long, -^- line thick, thickened upwards, glabrous, grey; pileus membranaceous, deeply umbilicate, or almost infundibuli- form, margin reflexed, about h in. across, hygrophanous, brownish and remotely striate when moist, flocculose and grey or w4iitish when dry. Gills broad, few, the alternate ones shorter. Analogous wdth Omphalia umhellifera, but readily dis- tinguished by the rosy spores. (Fries.) Eccilia atropuncta. Pers. Pileus ^-| in. across, rather fleshy, soft, hemispherical, sometimes slightly umbilicate, smooth, even, pale grey ; gills decurrent, distant, arcuate, the alternate ones shorter, greyish flesh-colour; stem about Ij in. long, attenuated downwards, or sometimes almost equal, rather tough, pallid, shining, sprinkled wdth black, point-like squamules, solid ; spores angularly globose, apiculate, 5-6 fx diameter. Agaricus atro-punctus, Persoon, Syn., p. 353 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 343a; Cke., Hdbk., p. 137. VOL. II. R 242 FUNGUS-FLORA. Amongst moss in woods, &c. Gregarious, small, pileiis J-| in. across. Taste disagree- a"ble, whole plant brittle, and the pileus inclined to be somewhat irregular. (W. G. Sm.) Introduced Species. Eccilia flosculus. W. G. Sm. Pileus about § in. across, somewhat membranaceous, pruinose with crystalline particles, deeply umbilicate, some- what irregular, black-brown, becoming white with age ; gills decurrent, somewhat waved, thick, pink; stem about I in. long, attenuated downwards, pruinose or innately fibrillose, cartilaginous with a fleshy pith, reddish ; spores nodulose. Agaricus (^Eccilia) flosculus, "W. G. Smith, Journ. Bot., vol. iv., new ser., p. 97, pi. 161, f. 4-9 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 138; Cke., Illustr., pi. 613b. On the ground at the foot and upon the stems of tree ferns (I)iclison{a antarctica) at Messrs. Veitch's Nursery, Chelsea, June, 1870. Allied to the next, but a very different plant; the dark -brown trama and external pruinoso-crystalline stratum are characteristic. (W. G. Sm.) Eccilia acus. W. G. Sm. Pileus up to h in. across, somewhat membranaceous, deeply umbilicate, densely pruinose, white, margin striate and in- curved ; gills thick, distant, deeply decurrent, pink ; stem about 1 in. long, not J line thick, cartilaginous, smooth, whitish ; spores oblong, angular. Agaricus (Eccilia) acus, W. G. Smith, Journ. Bot., vol. iv., new ser., p. 97, pi. 161, f. 14-20 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 138 ; Cke., Illustr., 1)1. 613c. Amongst germinating coffee-seeds in cocoanut fibre, Koyal Gardens, Kew. This interesting and distinct plant was gathered by the Eev. M. J. Berkeley, in August, 1873, and placed in our hands for illustration. It differs in its snow-white pruinose pileus, and in other characters, from all other described species. Its nearest ally is A, carneo-griseus, B & Br (W. G. Sm.^ CLITOPILUS. 243 CLITOPILUS. Fries, (fig. 11, p. 236.) Pileus more or less excentric or regular, margin at first involute ; gills more or less decurrent, never sinuate nor seceding from the stem, salmon-colour ; stem fleshy or fibrous, not polished and cartilaginous externally, central, expanded upwards into the flesh of the pileus; spores smooth or warted. Glitopilus, Fries, Epicr., p. 148 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 126. Closely resembling Eccilia, differing mostly in the stem not being cartilaginous at the surface. Distinguished from Entoloma by the gills not being sinuate. Agrees in structure with Clitocyhe in the Leucosporae. ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES. Orcelli. Gills deeply decurrent. Pileus irregular, somewhat ex- centric, or wavy, scarcely hygrophanous, margin at first flocculose. Sericelli. Gills adnate, slightly decurrent. Pileus regular, silky or atomate, margin involute, naked. * OECELLI. Clitopilus prunulus. Scopoli. (fig. 11, p. 236.) Pileus 2-4 in. across, truly fleshy, compact, convex then expanded, at length depressed, wavy or unequal, slightlj' jDruinose, white or rarely greyish ; flesh thick, white, un- changeable ; gills very decurrent, narrow at both ends, but especially so behind, slightly crowded, quite entire, white then flesh-colour; stem solid, firm, somewhat ventricose, 1 in. and more long, about h in. thick, naked, often striate, white, base villose ; spores elliptical, smooth, 7-8 X 5 /x. Agaricus prunulus, Scop., Carn., 437 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 126 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 322. R 2 244 rUXGUS-FLORA. In woods, &c. Smell pleasant, resembling new meal. Edible. Pileus 2-4 inches broad, convex more or less wavy, at length plane, sub-depressed, ver}"- fleshy, white, shining or opaque, with a slight tendency to cinereous, smooth, but under a lens minutely though densely tomentose, so that the impression of the finger is left upon it, margin involute. Gills decurrent, narrow more or less forked, covered with very minute conical papillso, en din g in tour spiculae. Sporules rose-coloured, ellij)tic, often seated upon the spiculae. Stem, in general, short, white, solid, thickest at the base, and down}'. Odour like that of fresh meal. (Berk.) Clitopilus orcella. Bull. Pileus up to 3 in. across, flesh thin, soft, plane then de- pressed, irregularly waved and lobed from the first, slightly silky, rather viscid when moist, white with a yellowish tinge, extreme margin usually incurved ; gills deeply decurrent, crowded, about 1^ line T)road, whitish then salmon-colour; stem under 1 in. long, ^ in. and more thick, whitish, slightly flocculose, usually rather thickened upwards, solid ; spores elliptical, smooth, 7 x 4 /x. Agaricus orcella, BuUiard, t. 573, f. 1 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 323 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 126. In open places among grass, &c. Closely allied to C. prunulus, but distinguished by being usually smaller, stem shorter, often excentric, attenuated downwards, flocculose, pileus thinner, piano - depressed, irregular from the first, silky, rather viscid when moist, whitish-yellow, often spotted and zoned, margin at length undulately lobed, flesh soft, unchangeable, gills much crowded. Smell exactly like that of C. prunxdus. (Fries.) Pileus thin, irregular, depressed in the centre, lobed, undulated, 2-3 in. broad, clear white, sometimes tinted with pale brown on its prominences, occasionally with a grey centre, or slightly zoned with grey ; surface soft and smooth to the touch, except in wet weather, when it becomes soft and sticky; flesh soft, colourless, and unchangeable; stem smooth, white, solid, short, decreasing in size, central when young, becoming excentric from the pileus growing irregu- larly ; gills crowded, decurrent, at first nearly white, then CLITOPILUS. 245 pin-kisli-grey, at length with a light brown tint ; spores pale lirovvn, • 00035 X * 00018 in., odour pleasant; smaller than Clitopilus prunidus, less fleshy, and grows in more open glades. (H. G. Bull.j Clitopilus mundulus. Lasoh. Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, somewhat gibbous and convex when young, margin involute, minutely floccose, soon expanded and depressed, unequal, wavy and often ex- centric, even or rivulose ; flesh soft, white, becoming blackish ; gills very decuirent, very much crowded, narrow, thin, mixed with numerous shorter ones, pallid ; stem stufied, about 1 in. long, 2 lines thick, almost equal, floccosely villose, then becoming almost glabrous, base truly villose, white ; spores elliptical, smooth, 10 x o fx. Agaricus mundulus, Lasch, No. 518; Cke., Hdbk., p. 127; Cke., Illustr., pi. 375a. In woods, among fallen leaves, &c. Allied to C. orcella, but evidently distinct. Tough when young, pallid white, then greyish-spotted, at length blackish. (Fries.) Clitopilus cretatus. B. & Br. Pileus ^-| in. across, at first convex, then umbilicate, of a dead- white, but shining, membranaceous, margin involute, not striate ; stem a few lines high, 1 line thick, often curved at the base and sometimes thickened, tomentose, especially below, white ; gills pale pink, not broad, very decurrent ; spores subglobose, smooth, 4-5 jx diameter. Agaricus (Clitopilus^ . cretatus, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 903 (1861); Cke., Hdbk., p. 127 ; Cke., Hlustr., t. 375b. On naked soil in woods and pastures. Solitary or gregarious; mycelium white, floccose; allied to Clitopilus prunulus, but much smaller and more delicate. Clitopilus popinalis. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, flaccid, convex then de- pressed, somewhat wavy, glabrous, opaque, grey, spotted and marbled ; flesh greyish-white, unchangeable ; gills very de- current, broader than the thickness of the flesh of the joileus, lanceolate, crowded, dark grey, at length reddish from the spores ; stem stufi'ed, 1-2 in. long, 2 lines thick, equal, often 246 FUNGUS-FLORA. flexuous, naked, paler than the pileus ; spores subglobose, slightly angular, 4-5 /x. Agaricus (^CUtopilus) popinalts. Fries, Epicr., p. 149 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 127 ; Cke., lllnstr., pi. 485. Among grass, &c. Solitary or gregarious, smell pleasant, like new meal; entirely grey. (Fries.) The pilous is often gibbous, or slightly but broadly umbo- nate, and with a pinkish-brown tinge. Clitopilus undatus. Fr. Pileus 1-lh in. across, rather fleshy, undulate and often lobed, sooty-grey with a brown tinge, becoming pale, silky and opaque when dry ; gills decurrent, thin, not crowded, dark grey with a pink tinge ; stem about 1 in. long, 2 lines thick, attenuated towards the base, coloured like the pileus, hollow ; spores globose, warted ; 6-8 /x diameter. Agaricus (^Clitopilus) undatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 149 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 127 ; Cke., Illustr., id1. 486. Among grass. Much smaller and slenderer than Clitopilus popinalis ; in- odorous. Stem entirely fibrous, not cartilaginous, scarcely 1 in. long, often very short, 1 or rarely 2 lines thick, fragile, unequal, often compressed, slightly attenuated and with white down at the base ; pileus thin and deeply umbilicate, sometimes infundibuliform, unequal, undulate, about Ij in. broad, not striate, becoming pale (not hygrophanous) and rather silky when dry, opaque, sooty-grey. Gills not crowded, distinct, 2 lines broad, margin quite entire. (Fries.) Clitopilus cancrinus. Fr. Pileus about 1 in. across, thin, almost membranaceous, at first convex with the margin involute, then almost plane, very much deformed, at length cracked and broken up on the surface, not striate, almost glabrous, but without a cuticle, hence minutely flocculose, not viscid nor zoned, whitish-tan or entirely white, becoming pale, not hygrophanous ; gills truly decurrent, distant, distinct, broadest near the stem, rather thick, arcuate when j'oung, then straight owing to the expansion of the pileus, white then flesh-colour ; stem white, stufi'ed or partly hollow, short, straight or ascending, CLITOPILUS. 247 round or compressed, scarcely 1 in. Ion*', 1-2 lines thick, glabrous, base with white down ; spores subglobose, angular, with an apiculus, 5-6 /x. Agaricus (Clitopilus) cancrimis, Fries, Epicr., p. 149; Cke., Hdbk., p. 127; Cke., Illustr., pi. 501. Among grass, &c. Inodorous. A form is figured by Cooke differing from the typical state in having a longer stem attenuated into a slender, rooting base. ** SERICELLI. Clitopilus carneo-albus. Wither. Pileus up to 1 in. across, convex then expanded, centre becoming depressed and the margin drooping, even, polished, white, the disc becoming usually tinged with rufous ; flesh thin ; gills slightly decurrent, 1 line broad, crowded, salmon- colour ; stem 1-1 J in. long, 1 line thick, about equal, solid, white ; spores globose, nodulose, 7-8 fx diameter. Agaricus carneo-albus^ Withering, Arr., iv. 218 ; (not of Fries) ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 128 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 324b. On heaths, &c. Inodorous ; gregarious. Size and habit very similar to Eccilia atro-puncta, but the colour is a purer white, and the gills less decurrent. In the section given in Cke., Illustr., the stem is repre- sented as being distinctly hollow. Clitopilus vilis. Fr. Pileus about 1 in. across, somewhat membranaceous, convex, umbilicate, soft, grey, silky-fibrillose when dry, oj)aque ; gills slightly decurrent or adnate with a decurrent tooth, sometimes sinuate, almost triangular, crowded, whitish ; stem hollow, 2-3 in. long, 1 line or a little more thick, equal, rather rough, splitting in a fibrillose manner, colour of the pileus, fibrillosely striate, base white, villous ; spores 7-8 X 6 /x. Agaricus (^Clitopilus) vilis, Fries, Epicr., p. 150 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 128 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 487. Among grass, moss, &c., in open places. Resembling a Leptonia in the umbilicate pileus, but known from that genus by the decurrent gills. 2i8 FUNGUS-FLORA. Clitopilus straminipes. Mass. Pilens 1-2 in. across, almost membranaceous, fragile, smooth, even, rather shining, whitish, at length expanded and depressed in the centre ; gills shortly decurrent, scarcely crowded, whitish then rosy ; stem about 2 in. long 1^ line thick, equal, smooth, often compressed, straw-colour below, sprinkled with white meal above, hollow ; spores irregularly globose, nodulose, 10-12 /x diameter. Agaricus {Clitopilus) straminipes, Massee, Grev., vol. xvi. p. 43. Among grass. Distinguished by the white, shining pileus and the pale fctraw-coloured stem. Clitopilus stilbocephalus. B. & Br. Pileus §-1^ in. across, campanulate, obtuse, or sometimes slightly umbonate, margin straight, yellowish-white or greyish, sparkling with atoms, white and rather silky when dry; fle^h rather tliick; gills adnate or emarginate and udnexed, 1|-2|^ lines broad, veined, salmon-colour; stem 2-3 in. long, Ij— 2 lines thick, nearly equal, silkly fibrous, white, hollow ; spores oblong, apiculate, angularly nodulose, 12 x 7—8 /x. Agaricus (Clitopilus) stilhocephalus, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., 1879, p. 205, No. 1758; Cke., Hdbk., p. 128; Cke., Illustr., pi. 324b. On the ground. Distinguished by the ^^ileus being covered with sparkling atoms, and the large angularly nodulose spores. The gills are broadly adnate when young, but become ventricose with age, and then appear to be sinuate and adnexed. There is in all stages a more or less evident lecurrent tooth. c Clitopilus Smithii. Mass. Pileus f-lj in. across, very soon becoming quite plane and orbicular, sometimes undulated, flesh rather thick except at the margin, even, atomate, whitish or with a dingy yellow- tinge; gills broadly adnate with a slight decurrent tooth, 2 lines broad, salmon-colour; stem 2-3 in. long, 1^-2 lines thick at the base, tapering very slightly upwards, straight. LEPTONIA. 24& but the surface iindulaied, pallid, with a reddish tinge helow, base white, downy; spores globose, smooth, 4 [x. diameter. Agaricus (^Clitopilus) stilbocephalus, Berk, (variety), Cke.^ Illustr., pi. 599. On the ground. The present species is figured by Cke. from a drawing by Worthington G. Smith, as a var. of Clitopilus stilhoceplialus^. from which it is quite distinct in the plane pileus, coloured! stem, and quite different spores ; neither does it agree witb any other known species. LEPTO^'IA. Fries, (figs. 14, 15, p. 236.) Pileus regular, thin, umbilicate, or with a dark disc^ cuticle usually becoming broken up into darker scales or fibrils, margin at first incurved ; gills adnate or annexed, but soon separating (or seceding) from the stem ; stem glabrous, more or less polished, cartilaginous, hollow ; spores, smooth or rough. Leptonia, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 201 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 129. Earely growing on wood, mostly on the ground, some in dry pastures, others in swampy places. Various tints of Viae are common, also yellowish green. Distinguished from Nohmea by the margin of the pileus being incurved when young, also by the umbilicate pileus. Corresponding iii structure to Collijhia among the Leucosporae. ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES. * Gills whitish. Pileus rather fleshy, not striate nor hygrophanous. ** Gills at first sky-blue, or with a blue tinge. *** Gills pallid. Pileus becoming pale, yellow or greenish^ **** Gills grey or dusky. 250 FUNGUS-FLORA. * Gills icliitish ; not Tiygro^lianous. Leptonia placida. Fr. Pileus 1-1 1 in. across, flesh thin, campanulate then convex, not striate, the blackish disc densely downy, the remainder oovered with blackish fibrils or squamules on a greyish- white ground, squamules arranged concentrically at last; gills adnexed, very broad behind, not ventricose, crowded ; whitish, as is also the margin ; stem 2-3 in. long, 1|^ line thick, equal, very rigid, having white meal at the slightly thickened apex, and with black points when seen under a lens, remainder glabrous, even, dark-blue or blackish-blue. Agaricus (Leptonia) placidus, Fries, Epicr., p. 191 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 129 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 330. On or near beech trunks, &c. Leptonia lappida also has black points at the apex of the stem, but is distinguished from the present sj)ecies by the umbilicate pileus. Leptonia anatina. Lasch. Pileus 1-1 J in. across, campanulate, subumbonate, dark cinnamon, fibrillose or minutely squamulose ; gills adnexed, seceding, rather broad, whitish then salmon-colour; stem 1 J in. high, 2-3 lines thick, imperfectly hollow, blue, darkest towards the smooth, even apex, remainder fibrillose ; spores elliptic-oblong, smooth, pink, 8 x 5 /x. Agaricus (Leptonia^ anatina, Lasch, n. 561 ; Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 201. On the ground. Distinguished from L. lappula by the absence of black points at apex of stem. Leptonia lappula. Fr. Pileus about 1^ in. across, rather fleshy, convex then plane, umbilicate, not striate, flocculose when young, then with erect short fibrils that are crowded in the darker umbilicus, grey, often with a brown tinge ; gills 2 lines broad, adnate with a decuiTcnt tooth, separating from the stem, crowded, whitish, then dingy salmon-colour; stem about 2 in. long, Ij line thick, slightly striate, brownish- lilac, apex naked and with black points ; the stem is some- times blackish-purple. LEPTONIA. 251 Agaricus (Leptonid) lappula, Fries, Epicr., p. 152; Cke., Hdbk., p. 129; Fries, Icones, pi. 97, f. 2. Among beech leaves, &c. Stem distinctly and widely hollow, l|-2 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, equal, toiighish ; striate and blackish punctate at the apex under a lens, brownish-lilac or dark purple, base with white down. Pileus slightly fleshy, hemispherical, convex then plane and umbilicate, 1-1 J in. broad, not striate, at first softly flocculose, then with short erect fibrils at maturity, crowded and blackish at the disc, hence the pileus appears grey and with black points. Gills at first adnate with a tooth, usually more or less separating from the stem at maturity, very broad, crowded, distinct, greyish-white. (Fries.) Leptonia lampropoda. Fr. Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh thin, convex then expanded (not campanulate), obtuse, becoming depressed, almost even when young, never striate, at length more or less squamu- lose, mouse-colour or sooty-grey with a blue tinge, becoming paler but not hygrophanous ; gills adnate, readily seceding and becoming almost free, ventricose, whitish then rosy ; stem 1-lh in. long, rather thick, up to 2 lines, entirely cartilaginous, glabrous, even, not punctate upwards, usually bluish- violet, hollow; spores irregular, 10-11 X 6-7 /x. Agaricus (^Leptonia) lampropus. Fries, Epicr., p. 152 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 129 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 331. Among grass, &c. Eesembling L. asprella, but known by the stout stem, absence of striae on the pileus, also absence of an umbilicus. (Fries.) Leptonia aethiops. Fr. (figs. 14, 15, p. 236.) Pileus J-1 in. across, flesh thin, plane then depressed, not striate, fibrillosely virgate, glabrous, shining, sooty-black, not hygrophanous, but young specimens are black and shining when dry ; gills adnexed or adnate, straight or ventricose, whitish, edge same colour and quite entire ; stem lJ-2 in. long, hardly a line thick, glabrous, blackish-brown, having black points near the top; spores irregular, 10 X 7 /x. Agaricus (Leptonia) aethiops, Fries, Epicr., p. 152 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 130 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 332a. 252 FUNGUS-FLORA. Among grass, &c. Distinguished from L. lampropoda by the pileus being depressed from the first and the slender stem with black points at its apex. From L. serrulata the present species is known by the pileus not being umbilicate, the absence of blue on the gills, &c. (Fiies.) Leptonia solstitialis. Fr. Pileus up to f in. across, flesh very thin except at the disc, soon becoming expanded and depresed round a central 23apilla or umbo, rugulose, innately fibrillose, pale brownish or fawn-colour; gills emarginate, Ij line broad, whitish with a tinge of pink, margin same colour; stem about 1^ line long, 1 line thick, glabrous, not punctate with black at the apex, smoky, imperfectly hollow; spores irregular, 12-14 X 7 fx. Agaricus (Leptonia) solstitialis. Fries, Epicr., p. 152 ; Cke.,. Hdbk., p. 130 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 332b. Among grass, &c. Appears to be a distinct species, marked by absence of a blue tinge, and in not having the stem spotted with black points. ** Gills bluish. Leptonia serrulata. Fr. Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh thin, convex, umbilicato- depressed, not striate, squamulose, at first blackish-blue, smoke-colour when old, not hygrophanous, shining when dry ; gills adnate, greyish-white, margin serrulate, black, at length greyish flesh-colour ; stem about 1 in. long, 1 line thick, cartilaginous, imperfectly hollow, equal, glabrous, paler than the pileus, apex with black points, base with white down; spores irregular, 12-14 X 6-8 /x, Agaricus (Leptonia) serrulatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 153; Cke., Hdbk, p. 130; Cke., Illustr., pi. 333 ? Among grass, &c. Rigid. Stem black or steel-blue, glaucous. Pileus at first blue-black, without striae, black and shining when, old, but smoky and slightly striate when moi.-t ; paler and blackish-virgate when growing in woods. (Fries.) LEPTONIA. 253 In Cooke's figure, copied from a drawing made by the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, the pileus is 1-H in. across, umbilicate, margin vaulted, whitish with a lilac tinge, and slightly sprinkled with fibrils. Stem 3-4 in. long, ij line thick, rather flexuons, whitish with lilac tinge, hollow. Gills broad, adnate, salmon-colour; spores subglobose, warted, 9-10 fx diameter. This does not agree with the type form, and may prove to be distinct. Leptonia euchroa. Pers. Pileus about | in. across, rather fleshj^ convex, obtuse, not striate, squamulosely fibrillose, at first violet then smoky- purple ; gills adnate, very ventricose, plane, dark violet but becoming pale, the margin remaining dark ; stem about 1 J in. long, 1 line thick, equal, glabrous, naked, even, tough, dark violet; spores oblong, coarsely warted, 10 x 7-8 /x. Agaricus euchroiis, Fersoon, Syn., 343; Cke., Hdbk., p. 130; Cke., Illustr., p. 334. On trunks and branches of hazel, &c. Solitary or gregarious. Kno\%Ti from L. clialyhea and X. lazulina by growing on wood. Leptonia chalybea. Pers. Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh thin, convex, somewhat umbonate, not striate, at first flocculose, then squamulose, dark violet or blackish-blue ; gills adnate, crowded, broad, ventricose, greyish-white, margin slightly paler ; stem 1^-2 in. long, about 1 line thick, cartilaginous, stuffed, rather firm, glabrous, even, steel-blue; spores 10 x 6 jn. Agaricus clialyheus, Persoon, Syn., p. 343 : Cke., Hdbk., p. 130; Cke., Illustr., pi. 325. Among grass, &c. In colour almost resembling L. lampropoda, but very dif- ferent in structure, stem much more slender, &c. Distinguished from L. lazulina by the pileus not being striate, and from L. euchroa by growing on the ground. Sub-gregarious. Pileus J-1 in. broad, convex, minutely umbonate, scaly, dark blue or almost black, subcarnose, slightly carnose on the margin ; flesh dark-blue. Gills at first pale then clouded lightly of the colour of the pileus. 254 FUNGUS-FLORA. Sporules rose-coloured, elliptic with a globular nucleus. Stem 1^ in. high, 1 line thick, stuffed, at length hollow, indigo without, dark within, nearly smooth above, downy at the base. (Berk.) Leptonia lazulina. Fr. Pileus f in. across, submembranaceous, campanulate then expanded, obtuse, striate, at first glabrous, then becoming more expanded, obsoletely umbilicate, and torn into squa- mules, blackish smoke-colour, at first often blackish-blue or greyish-bay, the disc darker ; gills adnate, seceding, crowded, pale blue, edge similarly coloured, equally attenuated from the margin to the stem ; stem about 2 in. long, 1^ line thick, cartilaginous, hollow, glabrous, even, deep blue, base with white down ; spores 1 x 6 /x. Agaricus (Leptonia) lazulinus, Eries, Epicr., p. 153; Cke., Hdbk., p. 131 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 549. Among grass, &c. Gregarious, fragile, about the size of L. asprella. Allied to Nolanea. There are two forms; one with the pileus blackish-blue at first ; the other bay-brown, the disc darker. (Fries.) *** Gills ;pallid, Leptonia incana. Fr. Pileus about 1 in. across, somewhat membranaceous, fragile, convex then expanded, umbilicate, striate, glabrous, brown and green variegated, silky and becoming greyish when dry; gills adnate, with a decurrent tooth, at length seceding, 2-3 lines broad in the middle, plane, distant, greenish white then flesh-colour; stem 1-2 in. long, about 1 line thick, distinctly cartilaginous, even, glabrous, greenish or brownish- green ; spores irregular, 8 x 9 /x. Agaricus (Lei^tonia) incanus, Fries, Epicr., p. 154; Cke., Hdbk., p. 131 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 336. Among grass, moss, &c. Elegant, gregarious. Pileus almost plane, the disc rarely fibrillose, fuscous variegated with green. According to Secretan, the stem is sometimes bluish. LEPTONIA. 255 Leptonia chloropolius. Fr. Pileus ^jp to 1 in. across, membranaceous, convex then expanded, striate, livid or yellowish-green, the disc with blackish squamules ; gills narrowed behind and adnate,. pallid, then with a salmon-coloured tinge ; stem 2-3 in. long, 1^ line thick nearly equal, even, glabrous, greyish-green,, hollow ; spores elliptic -oblong, rough, 7-8 x 5 /x. ^ Agariciis (Leptonia) cliloropolius, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 297 ;. Cke., lUustr., pi. 337; Cke., Hdbk., p. 131. Among grass in woods, &c. Similar to L. exilis in colour but differing in important points, also resembling L. formosa in size and form, but differ- ing in colour, stem rather firm, rigid, 2-3 in. long, 1 line thick. Pileus 1 in. across, glabrous except the disc, margin at first incurved. Gills 2 lines broad, margin similar in colour. Agreeing in many points with L. asprella, of which it may possibly be a variety, but the habit is different, and no transitional forms have been seen, although both species have been seen in quantities. (Fries.) Leptonia formosa. Fr. Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh thin, rather tough, convex then plane, umbilicate, striate, waxy-yellow, more or less covered with minute brownish or smoke-coloured, fibrillose squamules; gills adnate, with a decurrent tooth, rather distant, pale yellow, then flesh-colour, edge quite entire and similar in colour, stem 2 in. long, about 1 line thick, equal, even, glabrous, shining, yellow. Aaaricus (Leptonia) formosus, Fries, Epicr., p. 154 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 131. In woods, especially pine. Closely allied to L. asprella. The stem is sometimes brownish or bluish. (Fries.) Var. suavis, Lasch, no. 285 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 488. Pileus 1-2J in. across, convex then expanded, umbilicate, fawn-colour, stem 3-4 in. long, 1-1 J line thick, equal, pale greyish-blue, gills broad, adnate, salmon-colour ; spores subglobose, nodulose, 10 /x diameter. In swampy places. It is doubtful whether the type form has occurred in Britain. 256 FUNGUS-FLORA. tJc ^ "^ 7^ Grills grey or dusky. Leptonia asprella, Fr. Pileus 1-1 J in. across, somewhat membranaceous, convex •then expanded, umbilicate, and there obscurely downy then squamulose, sometimes glabrous (except the disc), sometimes fibrillose, hygrophanous, at first smoke-colour or mouse- <3olour, then livid-grey ; gills adnate, seceding and becoming free, rather distant, plane, equally attenuate from the stem towards the margin, greyish white, edge quite entire, the same colour ; stem 1-2 in. long, not more than 1 line thick, equal, straight, even, glabrous, cartillaginous, hollow, livid, 'fuscous, green and blue mingled, &c., base with white down. Agaricus {Leptonia) asprellm, Fries, Epicr., p. 154; Cke., Hdbk., p. 132. Among grass. Some specimens have the pileus squamulose everywhere ; eome forms resemble a Nolanea, pileus hemispherical then oampanulate, disc sometimes with a minute depression, some- times with a papilla. (Fries.) Leptonia nefrens. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, membranaceous, convex, then plane, at length infundibuliform, hygrophanous, not striate, slightly squamulose, often rather wavy, livid-sooty, darkest at the centre, pale livid when dry ; gills adnexed, soon separating from the stem, broad, close, pale grey, margin quite entire, blackish ; stem 1-1 J in. long. 1-1 J line thick, glabrous, livid- brown, hollow ; spores elliptical, smooth, 4-5 x 3 /x. Agaricus (Leptonia) nefrens, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 209 ; Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 205; Cke., Hdbk., 132. In damp places among grass, &c. Allied to L. serrulata, but distinguished by the quite entire margin of the gills, and the absence of black points at the apex of the stem. NOLANEA. Fries, (figs. 6-8, p. 236.) Pileus regular, almost membranaceous, campanulate, more or less papillate, striate, or even and flocculose, margin at NOLANEA. 257 iirst straight and pressed to the stem ; gills adnexed or free, never decurrent ; stem central, cartilaginous, hollow, the cavity sometimes filled with a floccoso pith ; spores with a pink or salmon tinge. Nolanea^ Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 204; Cke., Hdbk., p. 132. Nolanea corresponds in structure with Psathyrella, Psathyra, Galera, and Mycena. Allied to Leptonia,, but dis- tinguished by the margin of the pileus being straight and pressed to the stem when young, and not incurved, and by the usually papillate or slightly umbonate pileus. ANALYSIS OF TEE SPECIES. * Gills grey or w^ith a fuscous tinge. Pileus dark, hygro- phanous. ** Gills yellowish or with a rufous tinge. *** Gills pure white, then rosy. Hygrophanous. **** Gills whitish. Pileus not hygrophanous. * Gills grey or dusky. Pileus darJc, liygroplianous. Nolanea pascua. Pers. (fig^. 6-8, p. 236.) Pileus membranaceous, conical, then more or less ex- panded, smooth, hygrophanous, f— 1 in. high, about the same across, livid bistre, paler when dry and silky, shining; gills rather crowded, almost free, salmon-colour, margin eroded; stem 1-2 in. long, fistulose, fragile, silky-fibrous, shining, slender, pale ; spores irregularly nodulose, pink, 9—10 fji diam. Agaricus (^Nolanea) pascuus, Pers., Comm. ; Schaeff., t. 229 ; Cke., Illustr., t. 376. In pastures. Inodorous. The above description covers the most general form, but the species is variable ; sometimes the pileus is fcooty and more or less fibrillose, stem similarly coloured, and gills greyish-pink. The distinctly fibrous stem is always constant, and at once separates this from every other species of Nolanea. VOL. II. s 258 FUNGUS-FLORA. Everywliere in pastures and woods througliout the year, an exceedingly variable and changeable species, always watery (moist), very fragile, of a squalid colour, nearest to Entoloma sericeiim. Stem fistiilose, soft, usually 2-3 in. long, 1-2 lines thick (sometimes compressed), equal, silky-fibrous, or fibrillose when adult, striate, usually pale smoke-colour, not cartilaginous. Pileus membranaceous, somewhat acute, conical then expanded, but not flattened, usually umbonate, glabrous, smoky-grey and striate when moist, even, silky- shining, hoary or fawn-colour, becoming pale when dry; size very variable, the smaller forms hardly 1 in. across ; the larger 2-3 in. broad, undulately lobed in luxuriant indi- viduals. Gills very much narrowed behind, almost free, thin, crowded, ventricose, or especially towards the margin, broader and obtuse, grey or smoky-white, powdered with the rosy spores, but not tinged rosy. (Fries.) Pileus 1 in. or more broad, subcarnose, brown, when dry changing to ochraceous-brown, umbonate, smooth, satiny not fibrillose, the margin striate when moist. Stem 1 in. high, stufi'ed minutely fistulose, when old quite hollow, and fibrillose within and without, often compressed, paler than the pileus. Sometimes the pileus is depressed and the gills appear decurrent. Odour like that of fresh meal. The al30ve is a description of one state of the species, but it will not apply universally. The stem is sometimes much longer, and the gills vary much in shape. It occurs of various colours, and the form of the pileus is by no means constant. I have found specimens ver^^ much resembling A. lanuginosus, which though very different from the common state I imagine to be only a variety. The pileus is conico- campanulate, umbonate, umber-grey, decidedly silky, the gills adnate with a distinct tooth, or sub-adnexed, dull pink with a shade of umber, extreme margin white, scarcely serrulate. Stem pale, darker below, fibrillose. It has the same odour. Another form of the species, if not distinct, has very broad secedento-adnate gills, and a subfibrillose pileus. I can, however, find no other mark of distinction ; this also has the mealy odour. (Berk.) Nolanea Babingtonii. Bloxam. Pileus about J in. across and a little more in height, flesh XOLANEA. 259 very thin ; couico-campaniilate, pale grey, shining like silk, adorned with dark browii fasciculate fibrils which are free at one end, disc rather squamulose ; gills adnate, ventri- cose, distant, grey, darker at the base ; stem about 1 in. long, not 1 line thick, equal, somewhat strigose and covered with brown down, hollow, slightly wavy ; spores subglo- bose or slightly oblong, apiculate, nodulose, 7-8 /u, ; cystidia absent. Agarkus (Nolanea) Bahingtonii, Bloxam, in Berk., Outl., p. 148; Cke., Hdbk., p. 133 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 377a. On the ground. Berkeley says of the gills — " glistening with the white antheridia," presumably referring to projecting points in the hymenium, but I fail to find cystidia in the type specimens. Nolanea mammosa. Fr. Pileus |-1 in. across, flesh very thin, conico-campanulate, acutely umbonate or papillate, slightly striate, glabrous, pale brown, pale dingy ochre and silky when dry ; gills adnexed, 1 line broad, rather crowded, greyish with a pink tinge at maturity, separating from the stem ; stem about 2 in. long, sometimes more, Ij line thick at the apex, thinner down- wards, rigid, shining, glabrous, fragile, apex powdered with white meal, hollow ; spores oblong, nodulose, 7-8 X 5-6 /x ; no cystidia. Agaricus mammosus, Linneus ; Fries, Spic, p. 7 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 133 ; Cke., Illustr., jdI. 377b. Among short grass in open, sunny places. Pileus tawny brown. Stem elongated, fragile, shining. (Cooke.) Nolanea juncea. Fr. Pileus about f in. across, membranaceous, conical then expanded, radiately striate, sooty-umber, disc somewhat um- bilicate or even papillate or umbonate, slightly squamulose ; gills adnexed, seceding, about 1 line broad, rather distant, grey then purple-brown; stem 2-3 in. long, 1 line thick, equal, brown, hollow. Agaricus (^Nolanea) juncea, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 208; Cke., Hdbk., p. 133 ; Fries, Icon., pi. 99, f. 2. In swamps among S])liagnum, and in woods. s 2 260 FUXGUS-FLOKA. Fragile, inodorou?. Stem cartilaginous, hollow, slender, 3 in. long, scarcely 1 line thick, equal, even, glabrous, brown or black, at length livid-brown. Pileus entirely mem- branaceous, conical then campannlate, cuspidate, not 1 in. across, striate, hygrophanous, blackish and shining when old. Gills ascending, adnexed, seceding, rather distant, grey then rosy. Eemarkable for two distinct forms of pileus being found growing mixed together, one being cuspidate, the other umbilicate. The same thing is seen in Omphalia camjpanellu and 0. fibula. A third form has the gills greyish- brown then purplish. (Fries.) Nolanea fulvo-strigosa. B. & Br. Pileus up to 1 in. across, conico-campanulate, subumbonate, smooth, rugulose, ochraceous with an olive tinge (when dry) ; flesh very thin ; gills adnexed, rather distant, 1 J line broad, greyish with a flesh-coloured tinge ; stem about 2 in. long, about 1 line thick, equal, clad with mealy squamules, hollow, densely strigose at the base with reddish fibrils ; spores elliptic-oblong, war ted, apiculate at the base, 10 X 6 /x ; cystidia conical, 45-50 x 7-8 fx, rare. Agaricus (Nolanea) fulvo-strigosa, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1650; Oke., Hdbk., p. 134. On the ground (Maidstone). Remarkable for the strigose base of the stem, the fibrils being bright reddish-brown. The paper on which the speci- mens are preserved is tinged bright rose-colour. Pileus J in. across, J in. high ; stem 2 in. high, about 1 line thick, clothed at the bai^e with rigid red hairs, and tinted with the same colour above. Spores '0005 long, • 0003 broad. The peculiar character of the strigae separates this from all other species. (B. & Br.) ** Gills becoming yelloimsli or reddish. Nolanea pisciodora. Cesati. Pileus up to 1 in. across, flesh rather thick at the disc, membranaceous elsewhere, conico-campanulate then convex or expanded, slightly umbonate, minutely velvety to the touch, tawny-cinnamon ; gills slightly adnexed, 1^ line NOLANEA. 261 broad, yellowish then pink, at length with a tawny tinge ; stem 2-3 in. long, about 1 line thick, tough, nearly or quite straight, minutely pruinose, chestnut then blackish below, paler and minutely velvety upwards, indistinctly hollow. Agariciis pisciodorus, Cesati, in Crypt. Ital., i. p. 61, t. 3, f. 2 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 134 ; Cke., Ilhistr., pi. 378a. Among leaves in woods, &c. Smell strong, resembling stinking fish. Fries considers the present species to be very close to N. nigripes, having the same smell, and differing only in colour. Judging from British specimens that agree with both species respectively, the present may be distinguished by the velvety feel of the pileus, and the thicker, straight stem being pale and rather velvety at the apex. Speaking at the annual fungus foray meeting of the Wool- hope Club, Dr. M. C. Cooke made the following remarks respecting certain species of Nolanea and Naucoria : " There are three or four closely similar forms to each other which have hitherto borne distinctive names, but which I am beginning to think do not deserve that honour. This group includes, as we know them, Agariciis (Nolanea) pisciodorus^ Cesati ; Ag. (^Nolanea) piceus, Kalchbr. ; Ag. (^Naucoria) cucumiSy Pers. ; and Ag. (Nolanea') nipripes, Trog." After an analysis of the specific diagnosis. Dr. Cooke says : " It must be observed that only one of these forms which departs from the type in any feature which would warrant specific distinction is the last [^Ag. (Nolanea) piceus, Kalchbr.], which is the only truly aberrant form, in virtue of the robust stem, papillate pileus, and emarginate gills." " If I might venture an opinion, based on the belief that Ag. cucumis is not really a good Naucoria, but rather a Nolanea, I should suggest that Agaricus nigripes, pisciodorus, and cucumis are varieties of one species, call it by whatever name you please, and that Ag. piceus has distinctive features which might warrant its retention as a fairly good species. At any rate, it is an open question, which merits investi- gation in the light of these suggestions." (Grev., vol. xix. p. 30.) The above suggestions have not been adopted in the present work, notwithstanding the fact that, so far as an analysis of the respective existing specific characters is con- 262 FUNGUS-FLORA. cemed, I am quite in liarmony witli Dr. Cooke's views ; but at the same time it will, I believe, be conceded that there are certain specific features that cannot be clearly expressed in writing, more especially when the points noted are (with the exception of the spores) what may be termed superficial; possibly a closer examination, including presence or absence of cystidia, form of basidia, existence of laticiferous cells or otherwise, may aid in elucidating this point. Nolanea nigripes. Trog. Pileus about IJ in. across, almost membranaceous, rather tough, campanulate, obtuse, even, glabrous, 1|- in. broad, brown, covered with yellowish flocculent particles; gills adnexed then free, ascending, thin, somewhat crowded, ventricose, yellow then flesh-colour; stem 4-5 in. long, 1 line thick, equal, twisted, rather wavy, glabrous, black, hollow. Agaricus nigripes, Trog, in Flora, 1834, p. 527; Cke., Hdbk., p. 372; Cke., lUustr., pi. 1170a ; Fries, Icon., t. 99, f. 1. In swampy places. Odour resembling that of stinking fish. Nolanea rufo-carnea. Berk. Pileus up to 1 in. across, flesh very thin, hemispherical, umbilicate, slightly fibrillose, reddish-brown, margin slightl}' striate, gills adnexed, 1|- line broad, ventricose, veined, pale salmon-colour ; stem about 2 in. long, 1 line thick, equal, slightly thickened at the base, pale reddish-brown, paler above, hollow; spores elliptic-oblong, apiculate, smooth, 9-10 X 6 /x ; no cystidia. Agaricus (^Nolanea) riifo-carneus, Berk., Eng. Flor., vol. v. p. 81 ; Cke, Hdbk., p. 134; Cke., Illustr., pi. 378b. On heaths, &c. Pileus 1 in. broad, umbilicate, membranaceous, indistinctly fibrilloso-squamulose, margin striate, dark red-brown; gills adnate, ventricose, waved, rose-coloured, slightly connected and traversed by veins ; sporules elliptic, rose-coloured. Stem 2 1 in. high, 1 line thick, curved at the base, where it is slightly thickened, pale rufescent, nearly white above, fistulose, smooth, under a lens minutely fibrillose. Taste rather bitter. (Berk.) NOLANEA. 263 Nolanea icterina. Fr. Pileus h-^h in- across, rather firm, almost membranaceous, campanulate, soon convex, often becoming entirely reflexed, but not umbilicate, undulate and variously formed in vigorous specimens, glabrous, opaque, lijgrophanous, pel- lucidly striate, yellowish-green, rarely honey-colour with a tinge of yellow, pale and slightly silky when dry ; disc some- times obtuse, at others papillate, often brown and with brown squamules; gills adnexed, seceding, ventricose, dis- tant, pallid; stem 1-2 in. long, 1 line thick, stuffed, rigid, the apex only or every part mealy, colour of the pileus or brown ; spores oblong, nodulose, 11-12 X 8 /x. Agaricus (^Nolanea) iderinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 157 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 134; Cke., Illustr., pi. 338. Among grass, also in cultivated places. Usually somewhat caespitose, very variable, stem often compressed. Gills free, decurrent, anastomosing, &c., be- coming saffron in decay. Nolanea subglobosa. A. & S. Pileus about f in. across, rather fleshy, hemispherical, even, rather viscid, yellowish, gills nearly free, 2 lines or more broad ; rhomboid, convex, flesh-colour with a yellowish tinge ; stem about 1 J in. long, 1 line thick, equal, longi- tudinally striate, pale, becoming hollow; spores broadly elliptical, smooth, pale pink, 9 x 7 /x. Agaricus suhglobosus, Albertini and Schweinitz, p. 169 ; Grev., vol. xvii. p. 38 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1170b. On the ground. Distinguished by the subglobose, viscid, yellow pileus and broad gills. *** Gills ivJiite, tlien rosy. Pileus JiygropJianous, Nolanea picea. Kalchbr. Pileus up to Ih in. broad, rather fleshy, scarcely hygro- phanous, conical then campanulate, at length expanded, papillate, even, glabrous, black becoming paler at the margin, umber when dry ; flesh tinged with umber ; gills adnexed, ascending, with a short decurrent tooth, rather distant. 264 FUNGUS-FLORA. ventricose, 2 lines or more broad, at first pale then flesh colour; stem 1-2 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, almost equal or slightly thinner downwards, even, nearly glabrous, pitch- black, very slightly pruinose, rather tough, not straight, hollow; spores elliptical, smooth, 7-8 X 5 /x. Agaricus (Nolanea) jpiceus, Kalchbr., Icon. Sel. Hym. Hung., p. 23, lA. xi., fig. 2; Cke., Hdbk., p. 135; Cke., lUustr., pi. 379a. Among grass. Smell strong, resembling cucumber or decaying fish. Allied to N. pisciodora, but distinguished by the glabrous, pitch-black pileus and stem when moist. Nolanea infula. Fr. Eemarkably tough. Pileus up to f in. across, membra- naceous, conical then expanded, with a papilla or wart-like umbo, shining, almost even, hygrophanous, dark grey when moist, pale buff when dry ; gills adnexed, not 1 line broad, closely crowded, snow-white then pink ; stem about 2 in. long, rigid, glabrous, naked, brown, paler when dry, imperfectly hollow. Agaricus infula, Fries, Sp., i^. 8; Cke., Hdbk., p. 135; Fries, Icon., t. 100, f. 1. On the ground in copses, &c. Inodorous, sometimes small, with a filiform stem 1 in. long, sometimes larger and firmer, up to 3 in. high. Stem always remarkably cartilaginous, very tough, polished, glabrous, coloured like the pileus, even or slightly striate. Pileus membranaceous, tough, conical then expanded, often deformed in large specimens, centre becoming depressed, J— 1^ in. across, not striate, glabrous, sooty or browni>h fawn-colour when moist, dingy ochraceous when dry, shining in both stages. Gills variable accoiding to the state of expansion of the pileus, typically adnexed, or breaking away and becoming free, size very variable, but clearly distin- guished from allies by its toughness, polished appearance, and whiteness of the gills. (Fries.) Var. versiformis, Fries, Icon., p. 114. Pileus convex then depressed or even infundibuliform, but persistently papillate, densely but slightly striate, silkily shining when drj*. NOLANEA. 265 Nolanea coelestina. Fr. Pileus up to § in. across, flesh very thin, campanulate,, obtuse or slightly umbonate, glabrous, margin striate and often plane or upturned with age, pale blue, disc darker and rather rough; gills adnexed, 1^ line broad, rather crowded^ white then with a ver}- slight tinge of pink ; stem 1-1^ in. long, not a line thick, equal, often incurved at the base, even, glabrous, dark blue, apex mealy, hollow. Agaricus (Nolaneci) coelestinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 158; Cke.,. Hdbk., p. 135 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 372b. On wood, also in pine-woods, &c. Solitary, inodorous. Stem soon hollow, 1^ in. long^ scarcely a line thick, thinner upwards, apex with whito^ meal, rest glabrous, even, blue-black. Pileus thin, campa- nulate, at length convex, obtuse, virgate, disc scabrid, blackish, remainder sky-blue, not hygrophanous. Gill& adnate, ventricose, very broad, grej'ish-white, margin same colour. Spores pale rose-colour. A form growing in pine- woods is slenderer than the form on oak trunks. Very distinct from all other species of Nolanea. Resembling Leptonia in colour, but very distinct in structure. (Fries.) Nolanea exilis. Fr. Pileus up to f in. across, membranaceous, conical then) expanded, striate, glabrous, livid-grey, the darker disc papil- lose ; gills adnexed, rather crowded, whitish, then with a tinge of pink ; stem 2-3 in. long, not 1 line thick, tough, glabrous, greyish-green, apex naked, hollow. Agaricus (^Nolanea) exilis. Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 206;. Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 210. Among grass, leaves, &c. Allied to N. cliloropolia, but more slender and delicate ;. pileus varying on lilac. A variety found among Sj^hagnum becomes elongated, and the margin of the gills becomes brownish. (Fries.) (a) Among grass under beeches, &c., polymorphous. Stem hollow, 2-3 in. long, ^ line thick, tough, even, glabrous,, naked, greyish-green; pileus membranaceous, umbonate, conical then expanded, ^ in. broad, striate when moist, even< Avhen dry (not hygrophanous), with sooty radiating lines- from the dark papilla, the rest livid-greyish or with a lilao 266 FUNGUS-FLORA. tinge ; gills adnate, separating readily from the stem, rather crowded, whitish, edge similarly coloured. (6) Among grass under pines ; stem firmer and more rigid ; pileus slightly striate, 1 in. across when expanded, livid, with black squamules in the centre ; gills 2 lines broad, (c) In swamps. Very slender; stem filiform, weak and flexible, grey; pileus very slender, obtuse, greyish brown, then with a lilac tinge, disc darker, punctiform ; gills adnexed, seceding, margin at length brownish. Although very slender, not hygrophanous. (Fries.) Nolanea verecunda. Fr. Pileus ^ in. across, somewhat membranaceous, disc rather fleshy, at first somewhat umbonate, then rather obtuse (never depressed), indistinctly pellucidly striate to the middle when humid, but the disc is always even, at first sight glabrous, but when carefully examined seen to be obsoletely silky towards the flocculose margin ; watery reddish or pallid, not changing colour when dry; gills adnate, seceding, "rather thick, distant, distinct, ventricose, segmentoid, 2 lines and more broad, slightly ascending, whitish, watery ; stem 1|~2 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, rather firm, somewhat hollow, cartilaginous^, not very rigid, and when rubbed between the fingers, splitting into fibrils, becoming pale, apex mealy. Agaricus (Nolanea) verecundus, Fries, Epicr., p. 156; Cke., Hdbk., pi. 135 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 340a. Among grass. **** Gills ichitiah, F ileus not hygrophanous. Nolanea rubida. Berk. Pileus about -^ in. across, flesh very thin, convex, at length expanded and umbilicate, minutely silky, "svhitish-grey then rufescent, even ; gills adnate, attenuated behind, ventricose, sometimes slightly decurrent, whitish then salmon-colour; stem about ^ in. long, thickest upwards; white, minutely silky, solid ; spores elliptical, smooth, 4-5 X 3 /x ; no cystidia. Agaricus ruhidus, Berkeley, Mag. Zool. and Bot., vol. i. t. 2, f. 2; Cke., Hdbk., p. 135 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 340b. On soil in hothouses. ENTOLOMA. 267 Eeadily distinguished by its small size, and by tbo white pileus becoming rufescent with age or on drying. Smell of meal. ENTOLOMA. Fries, (figs. 16, 17, p. 236.) Pileus regular, rather fleshy, margin incurved at first ; stem central, more or less fibrous ; gills adncxed, sinuate or rounded behind, often seceding or separating from the stem, rosy or pale salmon-colour ; spores elliptical and smooth or subglobose and coarsely warted, rosy or salmon-colour; cystidia rare ; without a distinct veil. Entohma, Fries, Epicr., p. 143; Cke., Hdbk., p. 118 (as a subgenus of Agaricus). Known amongst the MTiodosporae by the sinuate gills. Corresponding morphologically with the genera Tricholomcki Heheloma, and Hypholoma. Growing on the ground after heavy rains ; many of the species have a smell resembling meal. ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES, * Genuini. Pileus glabrous, moist or viscid ; not hygrophanous. ** Leptonidei. Pileus flocculose or somewhat squamulose ; absolutely dry, not hygrophanous. *** NOLANIDEI. Pileus thin, hygrophanous, somewhat silky when dry; often undulate and irregular. Eesembling Nolanea, except in the stem, and difi'ering in the incurved margin of the pileus. 268 FUXGUS-FLOEA. * GENUINI. Entoloma sinuatum. Fr. Pileus up to 6 in. across, very fleshy, convex then expanded, gibbous at first, then depressed, yellowish-white ; margin wavy and sinuate, becoming broken up into squamules when dry; gills emarginate, slightly adnexed, -i— | in. broad, crowded, distinct, reddish-yellow; stem solid, fi.rm, stout, 3-6 in. long, 1 in. thick, equal, compact, fibrillose at first, then glabrous, naked, white. Agaricus (Entoloma) sinuatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 143 ; Cke., Ulustr., pi. 310. Agaricus sinuatus^ Bull., Champ., t. 590. In woods. Smell strong, pleasant, almost resembling burnt sugar. The stem is sometimes shorter, as shown in Bulliard's fig. t. 590. (Fries.) Some old specimens of this fungus, fully grown, measured 9 to 10 in. across. (Saund. & Sm.) Entoloma lividum. Bull. Pileus 3-4 in. across, disc very fleshy, becoming very thin towards the margin, flesh white, compact, convex then plane, dry, glabrous, distinctly longitudinally fibrillose, pale livid tan; stem about 3 in. long, 1 in. or more thick, almost equal, glabrous, apex mealy, shining white, imperfectly hollow ; gills almost free, rounded behind, 3 lines broad, pallid then flesh-colour; spores subglobose, coarsely warted, 10-11 /x diameter. Agaricus lividus, Bulliard, Champ., t. 382 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 311. In woods. Stem rigid externally, stuffed with a spongy pith, slightly striate, 3 in. long, 1 in. and mere thick, disc of the pileus compact, 4 in. and more broad, m.t wavy. Smell of new meal, which suggests its being edible, but according to Quelet, very poisonous. (Fries.) Var. roseus, Cke. Pileus soon plane, smooth, polished, whitish-ochre, disc rosy, margin whitish, about 4 in. across, flesh thick at the disc, gradually becoming thinner to the ENTOLOMA. 269 almost membranaceous margin, white, compact ; gills very much rounded behind and almost free, crowded, about 3 lines broad, pale yellowish flesh-colour ; stem about 2 in. long, rather swollen at the base and very slightly thinner upwards, about f in. thick at the apex, whitish, striate, apex slightly flocculose or mealy, distinctly hollow. Agaricus (Entoloma) lividus, Fr., var. roseiis, Cke., Hdbk., p. 119; Cke., lUustr., pi. 469. On logs. The present variety diflfers from the typical form in many respects, also in habitat, and may eventually prove to be a distinct species. Entoloma prunuloides. Fr. (fig. 16, p. 236.) Pileus 2-3 in. across, fleshy, campanulate then convex, at length flattened, somewhat umbonate, unequal (but not wavy), even, viscid, yellowish or livid, margin at length slightly striate ; gills almost free, emarginate, at first slightly adnexed, 3-4 lines broad, crowded, ventricose, white then pale flesh-colour ; stem 3-3i in. long, 3-4 lines thick, equal, even or slightly striate, glabrous, naked, white, flesh fibrous, solid; spores subglobose, coarsely warted, 10 yu, diam. Agaricus (^Entoloma) prunuloides, Yries, Epicr., p. 143; Cke., Hdbk., p. 119 ; Cke., Illiistr., ph 312. Among moss and grass, &c. Smell very strong of new meal. The pileus generally becomes longitudinally cracked. Smell same as E. prunulum. Eesembling E. lividum, but very distinct, only one-third the size. The pileug varies to white, yellowish, or pale grey. (Fries.) Entoloma repandum. Bull. Pileus 1-1 f in. across, flesh white, thick at the disc, thin elsewhere, conical then expanded, umbonate ; usually wavy, margin incurved, often lobed, somewhat silky when dry, pale ochraceous, with darker lines ; gills almost free, broadest in front; Inline broad, pale salmon-colour; stem 1^-2 in. long, equal, silky, white, solid; spores globose, warted, 8 /x diameter. Agaricus {Entoloma) repandus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 120; Cke., Hlustr., pi. 313. 270 FUNGUS-FLORA. Agaricus rejpandus, Bull., Champ., t. 423, fig. 2. Among grass. Pileus 1-2 in. broad, conic, obtuse, at length expanded, very fleshy, the margin incurved and lobed, pale whitish- ochraceous, with a few streaky shades, clothed with a ver}- close, adpressed indistinct siikiness. Gills pale dull-rose, broad in front. Spores round, rose-coloured. Stem Ij in. high, 3 lines thick, white, beautifully adpresso-sericeous, composed of fibrous cells, distinct from those of the pileus. Odour like that of fresh meal. My specimens agree precisely with Bulliard's plant quoted above (Bull., t. 423, f. 2), except that the colour is not so lively. He says expressly that the seminal powder is " rougeatre," which can hardly apply to any species of the subgenus Inocyhe. (Berk.) Entoloma placenta. Fr. (fig. 17, p. 236.) Pileus 1-2 in. across, convex then expanded, orbicular, even, glabrous, brown, moist in damp weather ; flesh thin, watery, becoming pale ; gills emarginate, adnexed, crowded, rather thick, white then pale flesh-colour ; stem 2-3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, solid, entirely fibrous, equal, fibrillosely striate, brown. Agaricus (Entoloma) placenta^ Fries, Epicr., p. 144; Cke., Hdbk., p. 120; Cke., Illustr., p. 314. In damp places. Solitary, smell none, taste becoming acrid. Distinguished by the remarkably flattened, umbonate pileus, usually de- jjressed round the umbo and incurved at the margin. Pileus and stem brown. Stem fibrous, sometimes twisted. Smell none, taste becoming acrid. Entoloma helodes. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thin, fragile, becoming some- what plane, umbonate, often depressed round the umbo, even when moist, glabrous, but often somewhat variegated with spots, livid-purplish with a smoky tinge ; margin spreading, sometimes minutely striate ; gills obtusely adnate, or slightly sinuate, 3 lines broad, distinct, rather distant, white then pale flesh-colour ; stem 2-3 in. long, 3 lines thick, equal or slightly thickened at the base, pallid becoming greyish, with grey fibrils, fragile, hollow, or rarely stuffed ; spores sub- globose, coarsely warted, 10 fx diam. ENTOLOMA. 271 Agaricus (Entoloma) Jielodes, Fries, Epicr., p. 144; Cke., Hdbk., p. 120 ; Cke., Illustr., pis. 339, 373. In turfy swamps, &c. Smell of new meal ; taste watery. Distinguished by the dark brown pileus, which often shows a purple tinge, and the subglobose, coarsely warted spores. Entoloma bulbigenum. B. & Br. Pileus |-1 in. across, campanulate or hemispherical, obtuse, minutely tomentosely scaly, shining white, flesh thin, white; gills slightly adnexed, about Ij line broad, pinkish salmon-colour; stem 2J-3 in. long, 1| line thick at the apex, somewhat bulbous at the base, fibrillose, whitish, hollow. Agaricus {Entolomci) hulhigeniim, Berk. & Broome, Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1937; Cke., Hdbk., p. 120; Cke., Illustr., pi. 315. Agaricus sericetis, Persoon, Icon, et Descr., i. t. 6, f. 4. Ag. (Entolomay persooniana, Ph. & PL, Grev., x. p. 66. On the ground. Stem sub-bulbous and solid at the base, hollow above, rather slender, 2| Hues thick, pilose-squamulose ; pileus shining, silky, convex, obtusely umbonate, white, then pallid, substance rather fleshy ; fragile ; gills crowded, 2 lines broad, slightly adnexed, fleshy-red. (Persoon.) The bulb in our plant is much more decided than in Persoon's figure, having a distinctly abrupt margin, and the pileus is not so fleshy. The larger angular spores are as wide as the basidia, and the hymenium abounds with large cystidia. Spores, including the angles, '015 mm. (=15 /a). (Phil. & Plow.) In Cooke's figures the stem is slightly thickened at the base, and in every example has a small lateral, solid body, resembling a very young specimen attached to the very base of the stem. Entoloma Batschianum. Fr. Pileus |-1J in. across, at first slightly convex, soon um- bonate, then depressed, even, glabrous, viscid, dark brown or smoky-black, shining when dry, not hygrophanous, margin distinctly involute at first; flesh coloured like the pileus, 272 FUNGUS-FLORA. white when dry ; gills narrowed behind, but the whole breadth of the gill that reaches the stem is adnate, plane, orowded when young, rather distant at maturity, stem dingy white, greyish, or smoky ; stem 2-3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, hollow, tough, not cartilaginous, entirely fibrous, equal or slightly attenuated at both ends, slightly striate with ^adpressed fibrils, grey ; spores subglobose, irregularly nodu- lose, 9 /x diam. Agaricus (Entoloma) Batsclnanus, Fries, Ej)icr., p. 104; €ke., Hdbk., p. 120 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 326. Among grass in damp places, &c. Inodorous. Pileus sootv or blackisii-olive, shining: when ■dry, not hygrophanous. (Fries.) Distinguished by the long stem and the small, dark- ooloured discoid pileus. Entoloma Bloxami. B. & Br. Pileus 1 in. or more across, campanulate, very obtuse, moist, of a dark, dingy blue or purple, or sometimes slate- coloured tinged with lilac, slightly silky, inclined to be lobed below ; flesh very thick in the centre, white, except near the edge, where it partakes of the hue of the pileus ; gills moderately broad, pale pink, attenuated behind or •slightly adnexed; stem Ij in. high, ^ in. thick, attenuated upwards, of the same colour as the pileus, solid ; spores sub- globose with an apiculus, very indistinctly warted, 9-10 ft; €ystidia absent. Agaricus (Entoloma) Bloxami, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., B. 677 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 121 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 327. In pastures. Pileus 1 in. or more across, campanulate, very obtuse, moist, of a dark, dingy blue or purple, or sometimes slate- coloured tinged with lilac, slightly silky, inclined to be lobed below; flesh very thick in the centre, white, except near the edge, where it partakes of the hue of the pileus. Stem Ij in. high, J in. thick, attenuated upwards, of the same colour as the pileus, solid. Gills moderately broad, pale pink, attenuated behind or slightly adnexed, spores irregular, subglobose, with a very large globose nucleus. (B. & Br.) ENTOLOMA. 273 EntoToma ardosiacum. Bull. Pileus 1-2 in. across, llesli rather thin, campannhUe then convex and usually more or less iimbilicate, even, moist, steel-blue with a tinge of brown, at length gieyish; <»;ills slightly adnexed, cut out behind, ventrieose, crowded, white or greyish flesh-colour ; stem about 3 in. long, 2 lines thick at the apex, thickened towards the base, glabrous, steel- blue, base white, hollow ; spores rosy, subglobose, nodulose, 9-10 IX diameter. Agaricus (Fmtolomd) ardosiacus. Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 295 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 121 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 328. Agaricus ardosiacus, Bull., Champ., t. 348. In damp meadows, also under pines. Size very variable ; f^omewhat blackish when young. Eesembling in colour some species of Leptonia. Known from the remaining blue or grey species by the even, moist pileus and long stem. A doubtful native. Cooke's ligures are drawn from French specimens. Entoloma madidum. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, rather fleshy, campanulate then convex, even, glabrous, moist and often viscid in rainy weather, shining wdien dry, not hygrophanous, when young blackish-violet, soot-colour when old, margin thin, inflexed, slightly striate; gills slightly adnexed, almost free, ven- trieose, watery and soft, greyish-white ; stem fleshy-fibrous, hollow, distinctly thickened in a clavate manner below, 2-3 in. long, base 4-5 lines, apex 2-3 lines thick, surface librillose, apex naked, violet except the white base. Agaricus (^Entoloma) madidus, Fries, Epicr., p. 143. Among moss, heaps of leaves, &c. The very strong pungent smell, reseTablmg Bussula foeieus, along with the dark colour of the pileus and stem, readily stamps this species. Entoloma liquescens. Cooke. Pileus 1-2J in. across, flesh uniformly thin, convex then expanded and almost plane, broadly umbonate, margin very thin, wavy, smooth, even, ochraceous-yellow, disc rufous ; gills free, crowded, Ih Hue broad, thin, white then pale dingy lilac ; stem 2-3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal, white, VOL. II. T 274: V FUXGUS-FLOEA. erect, flexible, hollow ; spores snbglobose, waited, dirtj- pink, 7-8 /x diameter ; no cystidia. Agaricus {Eiitoloma) liquescens, Cke., Hdbk., p. 121 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 581. On the ground under trees. A very peculiar species, readily distinguished by the dingy lilac gills, and subglobose, warted, rosy spores. The gills deliquesce at maturity like those of Cop-inus. Entoloma ameides. B. & Br. Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, broadly campanula te, often irregular, disc smooth, with whitish flocculent fibrils, soon becoming glabrous and having a silky lustre, undu- lating, the margin often splitting, pallid reddish-grey ; gills deeply rounded behind and slightly adnexed, distant, rugu- lose, 2 lines broad, pale salmon- colour ; stem about 1^ in. long, 2-3 lines thick, solid, whitish, fibrillosely striate above, downy at the base, apex flocculose, often compressed ; spores subglobose, coarsely warted, 10 /x diameter ; no cystidia. Agaricus {Entoloma) ameides, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 999 (1865); Cke., Hdbk., p. 121 ; Cke., Hlustr., ph 341. In pastures. Pileus 1-2^ in. across, varying from hemispherical in smaller specimens to campanulate, thin, pale reddish- grey; spores rose-coloured, irregular. Large specimens at first sight closely resemble Hijgropliorus ovinus. Smell peculiar, resembling a mixture of orange-flower water and starch. The whole plant acquires a reddish tint in drying. (Berk.) *^ LEPTOXIDEI. Entoloma Saundersii. Fr. Pileus 2J-3J in. across, flesh white, thick at the disc and gradually becoming thin towards the margin, cam- panulate then expanded, the more or less lobed margin often upturned, adpressedly tomentose, white, brownish when old : gills sinuate and slightly adnexed, 3-4 lines broad, distant, salmon-colour ; stem 4-5 in. long, J in. or more thick, equal or slightly thickened at the base, firm, smooth, white, solid. ENTOLOMA. 275 Agaricus (Entolomd) Saundersiiy Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 192; Cke., Ildbk., p. 122 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 306. Agaricus majalis, Saund. and Smith, t. 40. Growing on the ground in patches. Ag. majalis differs from this, especially in the slender stature, fistulose stem, membranaceous pileus, which is cam- panulate on opening, and cinnamon, and in the gills being free, crowded, and crenate. (Cooke.) Entoloma fertilis. Berk. Pileus 4-6 in. across, flesh white, thick at the disc be- coming very thin towards the margin, convex then 2^1ane, obtuse, dry, pulverulently scaly, pallid reddish or very pale reddish-ochre, palest at the margin ; gills slightly adnexed, rounded behind, rather close, 3-4 lines broad, pale flesh- colour; stem 4-5 in. long, 1 in. and more thick, almost equal, except the somewhat bulbous base, fibrillose and somewhat squamulose, whitish, solid. Agaricus (Entoloma) fertilis. Berk., Outl., p. 142 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 316. On the ground in woods. Smell resembling new meal. The largest of our sjoecies of Entoloma; distinguished from E. lividus by the ^^ile^s being broken up into pulverulent squamules. Subgregarious. Pileus 4^ in. broad, expanded, obtuse, some- what lobed, pulverulento-squamulose, fleshy, dry, pinkish- buff, with sometimes a tinge of yellow ; gills rose-coloured, adnexed, nearly free; sporules rose-coloured; stem 2 ^-3 J in. high, ^-1 in. thick, stuffed, firm, fibrillose, subsquamulose, Bubcompressed, somewhat bulbous at the base, paler than the pileus. Odour like that of fresh meal. (Berk.) Entoloma jubatum. Fr. Pileus 1-3 in. across, campanulate then expanded, um- bonate, cuticle fibrillose or floccosely-squamulose, mouse- colour, not hygrophanous ; flesh thin, similar in colour to the pileus, easily splitting ; gills slightly adnexed, somewhat emarginate, readily separating from the stem, crowded, ventricose, at first dark smoke-colour (not greyish-brown) then pretty smoky-purple ; stem fleshy, fibrous, rigid, fragile, hollow, 2-3 in. long, 2-4 lines thick, equal, brownish, covered T 2 276 FUXGUS-FLORA. witli smolts on the stem. Pluteus semibulosus. Lasch. Pileus about ^ in. across, flesh thin, hemispherical, obtuse, PLUTEUS. 289 slightly mealy, coarsely striate, white; gills free, narrow, salmon-colour ; stem about § in. long, somewhat bulbous, white, rather downy, imperfectly hollow. Agaricus (Flnteus) semihidhosus, Laseh, in Fries' Epicr., p. 141; Cke., Hdbk., p. 117 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 518i. On wood, branches, &c. Eeadily known by the fluted pileus and bulbous stem. Very small, stem minutely fistulose, scarcely exceeding 1 in. long, 1 line or a little more thick, downy, white, base bulbous. Pileus slightly fleshy, globose then expanded, usually hemispherical, obtuse, I- in. or a little more broad, atomately soft (in ours scarcely sulcate), white. Gills free, crowded, white then flesh-colour, margin similarly coloured. (Fries.) *** Pileus gJahrous, nalced. Pluteus violarius. Mass. Pileus up to 1 in. across, flesh thickish, grey; hemis^^herical then nearly plane, even, minutely velvety, water}'-, dark purple, disc darkest, margin undulate; gills free, crowded, about 1 line broad, whitish then bright flesh-colour, margin serrulate ; stem about 1 in. long, about l}j line thick at the base, and gradually attenuated upwards, pale umber and sprinkled with delicate black fibrils below, whitish upwards, silky, hollow; spores subglobose and apiculate, smooth, 5-6 fjL diameter. Agaricus (Fluteiis) violarius^ Massee, Grev., xiii. p. 89 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 117; Cke., Illustr., pi. 518b. On stumps, &c. Gregarious. Distinguished at once by the minutely vel- vety purple pileus. Smell none, taste pleasant. The paper in which the specimens were dried was stained bright violet. Pluteus roseoalbus. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thickish at the disc, becoming thin towards the margin, tinged red; convex then exjmnded, even, rosy, margin naked; gills free, rather distant, 2 lines broad, flesh-colour; stem lJ-3 in. long, up to h in. thick, equal or attenuated, minutely powdered with white meal, VOL. II. u 290 FUNGUS-FLORA. solid, flesli tinged with red ; spores globose, slightly angu- larly warted, 5-6 //, diameter. Agariciis (Phdeus) roseoalhus, Fries, in Flor. Dan., t. 1679; Cke., Hdbk., p. 117; Cke., lllustr., pi. 595. On dead or decaying trnnks. Easily recognised by the rosy flesh-colour of the pileus, but in other respects very closely related to P. cervinus. Stem solid, 2-3 in. long, Mn. thick, slightly thinner upwards or almost equal, usually curved and ascending, white, and covered with white meal. Flesh of pileus thin, convex then expanded, 3 in. broad, obtuse, glabrous, everywhere quite even. Gills white then flesh-colour. (Fries.) Pluteus leoninus. Schaeft'. Pileus 1^—2^7 in. across, flesh thin; campanulate then ex- panded, glabrous, naked, yellow with a tawny tinge, margin striate ; gills free, 2 lines broad, rather distant, yellowish- pink ; stem 2-3 in. long, 2 lines or more thick, about equal, whitish, striate, solid. Agaricus leoninus, Schaeffer, t. 48; Cke., Hdbk., p. 118; Cke., lllustr., pi. 421, fig. a. On trunks. Gregarious or in small clusters. Distinguished by the yellow or tawny pileus with a striate margin. Tall, erect, fragile, often confounded with a yellowish form of Pluteus nanus. (Fries.) Var. coccineus, Cke., lllustr., pi. 421b., pileus crimson- orange or vermilion, base of stem with a few red spots. The pileus is often subumbonate, both in the typical form and the variety. Solitary or subgregarious, varying much in size and colour. Pileus 1-3 in. broad, tawny-yellow, shaded with bright orange, or purplish-brown tinged with yellow, um- bonate ; flesh thick in the centre, margin thin, firm in the orange-coloured specimens, covered with a smooth or wrinkled glutinous epidermis; sometimes pitted round the umbo, margin more or less striate. Gills rather broad, rounded behind and in front, flesh coloured, moderately distant, perfectly free, the edge at first yellowish, afterwards when diying up orange in the orange variety ; I could detect no PLUTEUS. 291 IDellucid processes. Sporules rose-colotirecl, elliptic. Stem 2-3 iu. high, 2-G lines thick, downy at the base, sometimes rooting, attennated upwards, twisted and striate, yellow or ochraceons shaded with orange, solid, or at length perfectly hollow, composed of cris23 filaments. (Berk.) Pluteus chrysophaeus. Schaeff. Pileus 1-2^ in. across, iiesh very thin except at the disc, campaniilate then expanded, glabrous, naked, slightly wrinkled, margin striate, cinnamon-colour ; gills free, 2-3 lines broad, whitish then -pale salmon-colour ; stem 2-3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, whitish, glabrous, equal, more or less hollow. Agaricus chrysoi^liaeiis, Schaeffer, t. 253 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 118; Cke., lilustr., pi. 309. On beech trunks, &c. Eesembling P. leoninus in size, but differing in the cinnamon-colour of the pileus, which is often obtusely umbonate. Pluteus phlebophorus. Ditm. Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin ; convex then expanded, with prominent raised veins, umber, naked, margin not striate ; gills free, 2 lines broad, white, then pale salmon- colour ; st(3m 1-1 rj in. long, 2 lines thick, incurved, glabrous, whitish, shining, hollow. Agaricus jp]ilehoj)]ior us, Ditm., in Sturm, t. 15; Cke., Hdbk., p. 118; Cke., Illustr., pi. 422a. On trunks, stumps, &c. Allied to P. nanus, from which it is distinguished by the distinctly hollow stem and naked pileus, i.e. not pruinose. Pileus 1-2 1 in. broad, slightty convex or plane in maturity, thin for the size of the plant, but rather firm, pleasant yellowish-brown ; epidermis rugose, the rugae branched like veins. Gills broad, ventricose, free, white, changing to rose- colour from the sporules. Stem 2-4 in. high, 3-4 lines thick, wdiitish, somewhat twisted, mostly hollow, frequently in- curved at the base, which is slightly thickened. (Grev.) u 2 292 rUNGUS-FLOEA. YOLYAEIA. Fries, (figs. 9, 10, p. 236.) Wlien joung, the entire fungus is enclosed in a universal volva, which at maturity forms a loose, sheathing volva at the base of the stem ; pileus regular ; stem central ; secondary veil al3sent, hence there is no trace of a ring on the stem ; gills free, pale flesh-colour or -pale salmon-colour ; spores smooth, salmon-colonr. Volvaria, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 277 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 113 (as a subgenus of Agaricus). Distinguished by the presence of a volva, absence of ring, and free gills. Volvaria corresponds in structure to Amanitopsis in the Leucosporae, and to Cliitonia in the Porphyrosporae. ANALYSIS OF TEE SPECIES. * Pileus dry, silky or fibrillose. ** Pileus more or less viscid, smooth. * Pileus dry, silky or fibrillose. Volvaria bombycina. Fr. Pileus 4-8 in. across, flesh rather thin, soft, white, at first globose, even campanulate, at length convex and somewhat umbonate, everywhere silky, often squamulose when old, the disc rarely almost glabrous, everywhere whitish; gills free, very crowded when young and almost coherent, ventri- cose, broad, becoming pale flesh-colour ; stem solid, equally attenuated, 3-6 in. long, ^ in. or more thick at the base, even, glabrous, white, volva soon ruptured, large 2-3 in. across, membranaceous, lax, laciniate, somewhat viscid, per- sistent; spores elliptical, smooth, 6-7 X 4 /x; cystidia absent or very rare. Agaricus {Volvaria) homhycinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 138; Cke., Hdbk., p. 112; Cke., Illustr., pi. 293. On trunks. VOLVARIA. • 29 o Usually solitary, but sometimes truly caespitose, wlien young, enclosed in an ovate volva, entirely white. (Fries.) Sometimes very large, a specimen found on an elm trunk in Kew Gardens having the following dimensions : pileus 14 in. across when exjDanded ; stem 8 in. long by 2 in. thick ; gills 1^ in. broad; weight 2^ lbs: spores normal size. Pileus 2 in. or more broad, at first entirely enclosed in a slimy dark volva, at length protuded, campanulate, dirty- white, silky with yellowish-white narrow silky scales, and marked frequently with a few dark blotches, the remains of the volva; flesh whitish, firm, elastic, margin involute. Gills numerous, close, ventricose, quite free, not reaching to the margin, at first white then rose-coloured with a tinge of yellow, at length deliquescent, tinged with umber. Spores elliptic. Stem 2h in. high, ^ in. thick in the centre, firm, solid, thickest doAvn wards, the tough volva remaining like a cup at the base. The above description is taken from a young specimen. When at full maturity the white of the pileus is purer, and the pileus itself is more expanded. (Berk.) Volvaria volvacea. Bull. (fig. 9, p. 236.) Pile as 2-3 in. across, flesh white, thick at the disc, very thin elsewhere, soft, campanulate then expanded, obtuse, greyish-yellow, virgate or streaked with adpressed blackish fibrils ; gills free, about 2 lines broad, pale flesh-colour ; stem 2—1 in. long, about 4 lines thick, almost equal, white, solid, volva large, loose, whitish; spores smooth, elliptical, 6-8 X 3'5-4/x; no cystidia. Agaricus (Volvaria) vohaceus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 113; Cke., Illustr., pi. 294. Agaricus vohaceus, Bull., Champ., t. 262. On the ground by roadsides, &c., also in stoves. Allied to V. homhycina, but constantly different in the less ample and less persistent, brownish volva ; pileus 3 in. across, rarely more, grey, elegantly virgate with blackish fibrils; flesh-colour of the gills not so pure. (Fries.) Volvaria Loveiana. Berk. Pileus 2-3^ in. across, flesh rather thick but becoming very thin towards the margin, globose then convex, obtuse, white, silky ; gills free, about 2 lines broad, pinkish salmon- 294 • FUNGUS-FLOE A. colour; stem 1.1-2 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, attenuated upwards, bulbous, fibrillose, white, solid ; volva with a free margin, irregularly lobed, whitish ; spores elli^Dtical, smooth, 4-5 X 2 '5-3 fx; cystidia absent. Agaricus (Voharia) Loveianus, Berk., Outl., t. 7, fig. 2; Cke., Hdbk., p. 113 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 295. Eemarkable in its habitat, being parasitic on CUtocybe nehidaris. Parasitic on half-deca^-ed, and, in general, distorted specimens of A. nehiilaris. Gregarious, subcaespitose. At first it appears like a small smooth white round Bovista from the size of a pea to an inch in diameter; it then becomes oblong, and the top of pileus, which is at that stage flattish, bursts through, forming a round aperture in the volva, which as the plant is fully developed, is broken into three or four regular laciniae, with a somewhat wrinkled surface, and the pileus, from subtrun- cato-globose, becomes convex or slightly expanded, 2i in. broad, moderately fleshy aud beautifully sill^y ; white with a very slight shade of pink or cinereous ; margin involute. Gills broad in front, quite free, leaving a space round the stem, not i caching to the margin, subdelisquescent, gradually assuming a pale pink tinge, under a good lens clothed with fine minute transparent points like the Cop-ini. . Spores minute, elliptic, rose-coloured. Stem 2 in. high, 2—3 lines thick, white closelv fibrillose with a little matted tomentum, very juicy, solid, bulbous. Yolva pure white, with a little downy ])rominence within round the base of the stem. Taste like that of A. cam^jestris. (Berk.) Volvaria Taylori. Berk. Pileus 14-2 J in. across, flesh at the disc, becoming thin towards the margin ; conical and obtuse, then expanded, livid, margin whitish, minutely striately cracked from the apex ; gills free, from 1^ up to 4 lines broad, narrowest behind, pale salmon -colour ; stem about 2 in. long, nearly equal, smooth, whitish, solid, volva with the free margin lobed, externally brown, small ; spores broadly elliptical, smooth, 5x3* 5-4 /x ; cystidia absent. Ar/aricus {Voh-aria) Taylori, Berk., Outl., p. 140; Cke., Hdbk., p. 113; Cke., Illustr., pL 29G. VOLVAPtlA. 295 On the ground. Somewliat resembling V. volvacea, but distinguished by the paler pileus, the gills much narrowed behind, and especially by the small brown volva. Pileus If in. high and broad, beautifully pencilled and cracked ; margin lobed and sinuated ; stem 2^ in. high, ^ in. thick, slightly bulbous at the base. Gills uneven. This beautiful SjDCcies is described from an excellent drawing by Mr. M. A. Taylor, and is clearly quite different from every other species ; the dark volva, campanulate pileus and uneven attenuated gills are marked characters. The habit is rather that of some Entoloma than of its more immediate allies. (B. & Br.) ** Pileus more or less viscid, smooth, Volvaria speciosa. Fr. Pileus 3-5 in. across, flesh white, thickish, soft, campanu- late then expanded, obtuse or slightly umbouate, then ex- panded ; smooth, even, viscid, disc grey, or entirely whitish ; gills free, 3 lines broad, narrowest jjehind, crowded, pale salmon-colour ; stem 5-8 in. long, up to 1 in. thick at the swollen base, from which it is attenuated upwards, and about ^ in. thick at the apex, white, solid, downy ; volva whitish, margin free, irregular, downy ; spores elliptical or subglobose, smooth, 14-16 X 8 /x; no cystidia. Agaricus (Volvaria) speciosus, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 278; Cke., Hdbk., p. 113; Cke., Illustr., pL 297. On dung-hills and on the ground. Distinguished by the whitish viscid pileus, and the downy volva and stem. Disc of pileus sometimes brownish. Volvaria gloiocephala. D. C. Pileus 3-5 in. across, convex then almost plane, umbonate, glabrous, glutinous, margin slightly striate, smoky -grey ; gills free but rather close to the stem, 4-G lines broad, slightly ventricose,not evidently narrowed behind, pale salmon-colour; stem 4-6 in. long, ^ in. or more thick at the apex, base thickened, smooth, whitish, becoming brownish, especially below, solid ; volva whitish, adnate to the base of the stem, 296 FUXGUS-FLOKA. except a short torn margin; spores elliptical, smootli, 10-12 X 6-7 fji ; cystidia large, elliptical, rare. Agaricus gloiocejplialus, Decand., Fl. Fr., vi. p. 52. Agaricus (^Volvaria) gloiocejjJiala, Cke., Hdbk., p. 113 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 298. On tlie ground. Distinguished by the smoky, glutinous pileus. The Dieasurement of the spores, as given by Saccardo (19 x 9), is certainly too large, and is probably an uncorrected error. Volvaria parvula. Fr. Pileus J— 1 in. across, slightly fleshy, conical then campanu- late, at length plane and umbonate, dry, silky, white, umbo generally darker; gills free, crowded, clear pale flesh-colour; stem stuffed with a distinct pith, becoming hollow, l-lj iii- long, 1-2 lines thick, equal, silky, white, base villous ; volva minute but lax, usually regularly 3-4-partite ; spores broadly elliptical, smooth, 5 x 3 • 5 /x ; no cystidea. Agaricus ^arvulus. Fries, Epicr., p. 139 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 114 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 300b. In gardens and greenhouses. Gregarious ; smaller than V. media. Var. biloba. Entirely white when young, gills becoming whitish flesh-colour ; stem stuffed, never fistulose, 1 in. long, 1 line thick, equal, pubescent, sheathed with a bilobed volva that is externally adpressedly silky. Pileus conical when young, 3-4 lines high, dry, and sometimes floccosely- squamulose. Volvaria media. Schum. Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin except at the disc, white; campanulato-convex, then almost plane, umbonate, or obtuse, viscid, white, the disc usually tinged brownish, silky when dry ; gills free, about 2 lines broad, slightly ventricose, j^ale salmon-colour ; stem 2-3 in. long, about 2-3 lines thick, equal, glabrous, white, solid; volva sheathing, margin lobed^ tinged brownish ; spores broadly elliptical, smooth, 5 X 3 • 5 /a ; cystidia absent. Agaricus meclius, Schum., Saell., p. 248. Agaricus (^Volvaria) meclius, Cke., Hdbk,, p. 114; Cke^ niustr., pi. 299. VOLVAKIA. 297 In pastures, also in pine and beech woods. Intermediate in size between V. speciosa and V. parvida. Differs from tlie former in the glabrous stem and volva ; and from the latter in the solid stem. Allied to V. speciosa, but much smaller and entirely white. Stem scarcely 2 in. long, glabrous. Pileus thin, 1-lh in. across. Quite distinct from V. jparvula, with which it is frequently confounded, in the solid, glabrous stem, and the viscid, convexo-plane pileus. Gills pretty rosy flesh-colour. (Fries.) Varying greatly in size and form, from h in. to 2 in. or more broad, subcarnose or submembranaceous, plane, sub- hemispherical or subcampanulate, subumbonate, silky, slightly viscid, white with a brownish or yellowish tinge in the centre. Gills rather thick, broad, quite free, projecting in the young state beyond the edge of the pileus, often rugged, when old rose-coloured, sub-elliptic. Stem nearly equal or slightly thickened below, 1-2 in. high, 2 lines or more thick, nearly smooth, silky under a lens, solid, juicy, fur- nished at the base with a volva divided into 3 or more lobes, vaginate and close or slightly spreading, nearly smooth and white, or furnished with small flat brownish scales, sometimes entirely dark brown. (Berk.) Volvaria temperata. Berk. (fig. 10, p. 236.) Pileus about h in. across, flesh very thin, convex then ex- panded, umbonate, disc very pale tawny, margin whitish and striate, pulverulent ; gills free, nearly 1 line broad, ventri- cose, pale salmon-colour ; stem up to 1 in. long, h line thick, whitish, minutely fistulose ; volva large in proportion, free, margin lobed, tinged with brown ; sjDores elliptical, smooth, 4 X 2 • 5 /x ; cystidia absent. Agaricus (^Volvaria) temperaius, Berk. & Broome, Ann. Nat. Hist., no. 1757 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 114; Cke., lllustr., i^l. 300a. On soil in greenhouses, &c. Readily distinguished by its very small size. 298 FUXGUS-FLORA. LEUCOSPORAE. Spores typically white, altliougli in some species tliere is a more or less decided, but very faint tinge of yellow or pink. The commonest spore form is elliptical, and with a smooth epispore, although in the genera Lactariiis, Bussula, and Laccaria, the spores are siibglobose and minutely warted or echinulate. The present section contains more species than all the other sections of the Agaricinae added together, and as would be expected, presents the most complete sequence in the differentiation of the sporophore. Lenzites, with its corky pileus and gills, connects with Polyporeae through Daedalea. The genera characterized by a tough, leathery pileus that dries up and becomes rigid and persistent, as Paniis, Lentinus, &c., are but scantil}^ rejoresented in Britain, or even in Europe, but on the other hand, are more numerous in the tropics than the fleshy, putrescent genera, which attain their maximum, both in development and numbers, in the north temperate zone. ANALYSIS OF THE GENERA. I. SCHIZOPHYLLAE. Margin of gills longitudinally split or canaliculate. Schizophyllum. — Margin of gills split, the two portions revolute. Trogia. — Gills resembling wrinkles or folds, edge groved. (The single British species does not show the groove along the margin of the gills.) II. HAPLOPHYLLAE. Margin of gills not longitudinally split nor grooved. A. Texaces. Coriaceous, corky, or woody, persistent, rigid when dry ; gills more or less decurrent. LEUCOSPOEAE. 299 Lenzites. — Horizontal, sessile, woody or corky ; gills radiating. Xerotus. — Pileus coriaceous ; gills forking, margin thick. Panus. — Pileus coriaceous ; gills dry, decurrent, margin quite entire. Lentinus. — Pileus coriaceous ; gills decurrent, margin ser- rate or irregularly toothed. B. MoLLEs. More or less fleshy, soon decaying and not reviving. (The sj)ecies of Collijhia and 3Iarasmius are mostly tough and more or less persistent and reviving, but do not become rigid when dry.) * Gills decurrent. Gantharellus. — Gills with the margin thick, narrow, forking, rather waxy. Nyctalis. — Gills rather thick, edge , blunt. Parasitic on other fungi, rarely growing among dead leaves. Hygrophorous. — Margin of gills thin and acute, rather waxy ; stem central. Growing on the ground. (Some species in this genus have the gills adnate, or almost free.) Pleurotus. — Growing on wood. Stem when present, ex- centric or lateral. Omphalia. — Gills thin, pliant ; stem central, cartilaginous. Pileus more or less depressed. Clitocybe. — Gills thin, pliant; stem central, fibrous; spores smooth, elliptical. Laccaria. — Gills thin, pliant, mealy ; stem central, fibrous; spores globose, wurted. Lactarius. — Exuding a white or coloured milk-like fluid when broken ; spores globose, warted. (In some species the gills are adnate.) 300 FUXGUS-FLOKA. ** Gills adnate or adnexed, Russula. — Gills very brittle, trama composed of more or less spherical cells ; spores globose, warted. Mycena. — Pileus thin, campannlate, usually striate, margin at first straight. Collybia. — Pileus rather fleshy, more or less plane; margin incurved when young. Marasmius. — Tough, drying up and reviving when moistened ; gills often connected by veins. Tricholoma. — Pileus usually fleshy ; gills more or less evi- dently sinuate and adnexed ; stem stout. Armillaria. — The only genus with a ring on the stem and attached gills. (King sometimes rather vague; gills decurrent in some species.) 'j^ 7^ Tp" Gills free from the stem. Hiatula. — Pileus exceedingly thin, striate. Eing and volva absent. Lepiota. — Eing present ; volva absent. Amanitopsis. — Yolva present ; ring absent. Amanita. — Base of stem with a distinct, free volva ; ring present on stem. (The volva is sometimes almost, or entirely without a free margin, hence adnate to the stem.) riGUEES ILLUSTEATING THE LEUCOSPOBAE. Fig, 1, HtjgropTiorus Wynniae, and section of same ; nat. size ; — Fig. 2, Lactarius hlennius ; about one-third nat. size, and section nat. size ; — Fig. 3, Spores of same, X 400; — Fig. 4, Cantharellus aurantiacus ; about two-thirds nat. size; — Fig. 5, Nyctalis asterojpJiora, and section; two- thirds nat. size; — Fig 6, Lentinus tigrinus ; about two-thirds nat. size; — • Fig. 7, Fanus stypticus ; nat. size ; — Fig. 8, Lenzltes flaccida ; two-thirds nat. size; — Fig. 9, section of same; nat. size; — Fig. 10, Omphalia 302 FUNGUS-FLORA. SCHIZOPHYLLUM. Fries, (figs. 17, 18, p. 301.) Pileus with, a tliin strigose or downy cuticle, dry, flesh absent, lateral, sessile ; gills coriaceous, bifid, radiating in a flabellate manner, margin longitudinally split, the split portions curved outwards ; spores hyaline or slightly tinged with colour. ScJnzojjliijUum, Fries, Obs., i. p. 103 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 359. The species are very dry, sessile, laterally attached, and very variable in form. Known at once by the split margin of the gills. Growing on wood. Eare in temperate regions, but abundant in the tropics. Schizophyllum commune. Fr. (figs. 17, 18, p. 301.) Pileus ^-1^ in. across, more or less fan-shaped, somewhat narrowed behind to a point of attachment, horizontal, very thin and dry, at first covered with white down, then strigose, entire or more or less deeply lobed at the margin ; gills narrow, radiating, grey then pale pnrplish-brown, margin split ; spores subglobose, with a slight ^^nrple tinge, 5 X 6 /x. ScMzoi^liyllum commune, Fries, Syst. Myc, i, p. 303 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 360; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1114b. On rotten trunks, &c. Recognised by the very thin, arid substance, and the split margin of the gills. The only known European species, and local everywhere, but is one of the commonest of fungi in tropical and subtropical regions. Very variable as to mode and extent of marginal indentation. Pileus very thin, composed of little else than a mass of woolly filaments, sessile, or passing into a very short lateral stipes, nearly 23lane, more or less circular, subentire or lobed, often growing in an imbricated manner, and rarely exceed- ing an inch and a half in breadth. The surface is finely telmatiaea ; small specimen, iiat. size; — Fig. 11, section of same; nat. size ; — Fig. 12, Pleurotus gadinoides ; nat. size ; — Fig. 13, section of same, X 2; — Fig. 14, CUtocybe ericetorum; half nat. size; — Fig. 15, section of same; half nat. size; — Fig. 16, Xerotiis degener ; nat. size; — Fig. 17, Scliizophyllum commune; nat. size; — Fig. 18, section of gills of same, showing the split margin; — Fig. 19, Trogia crisixi; small specimen, nat. size. SCHIZOPHYLLU^r — TROGIA. 303 cottony, and pure white or greyish, marked hy a few indis- tinct zones. Beneath, the lamellae are radiating, subparallel, hairy, coriaceous, and of a reddish-brown or brown-grey colour. Lamellae double ; that is, composed of two rather remote. j)lates, united at the back, and with their sides involute, so that in a dry state they appear tubular when transversely divided. They are arranged in distinct fasci- culi ; each double lamella soon after its origin divides into branches, each of which becomes again subdivided in a fan- like mode ; but all these divisions are witliin the original lamella. Hymenium in the exterior surface of the lamellae. (Grev.) TEOGIA. Fries, (fig. 19, p. 301.) Pileus sessile, attached laterally, soft, flaccid, dry, per- sistent, texture fibrillose ; gills fold-like, margin longitudi- nally channelled ; spores colourless. Trogia, Fries, Epicr., p. 402 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 359. Most closely allied to the genus Xerotiis, the latter differ- ing in having the thick, obtuse margin of the gills quite entire ; but, as a matter of fact, the only British' species of Trogia has the gills obtuse, and in this feature departs from the generic type, although agreeing in every other essential. Trogia crispa. Fr. (fig. 19, p. 301.) Pileus J-1 in. across, tough, when young cup-shaped, then reflexed, lobed and irregular, slightly downy, yellowish- brown behind, margin becoming whitish; gills vein-like, thick, narrow, edge obtuse, crisped, but not canaliculate, greyish- white ; spores subglobose, o-Q fx. Trogia cris^m, Fries, Epicr., p. 369; Cke., Hdbk., p. 359; Cke., Illustr., pi. II-Ia. On branches, &c. Eesembling a Peziza when young, then irregularly ex- panded and becoming almost flat, often gregarious. Some- what the texture and appearance of a small Merulms, but distinguished by the colourless spores. Joined by old authors with Cantharellas, some of the smaller species of which bear some resemblance to Trogia, but the latter differs in not disapjDearing at maturity, but persistent, and reviving with 304 FUNGUS-FLOEA. moisture, and in growing on wood; the small species of CantJiareUus decay at maturity, and grow on mosses or leaves. LENZITES. Fries, (figs. 8, 9, p. 301.) Pileus corky, coriaceous, horizontal, dimidiate, sessile and tittached behind ; gills coriaceous, firm, unequal, simple or branched, radiating from the point of attachment, sometimes anastomosing and forming irregular pores, margin acute or obtuse ; spores white. Lenzites, Fries, Epicr., p. 403 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 360. Most nearly allied to the genus Daedalea, but the hyme- nium is more of the Agaricoid than the Polyporoid type. In the Polyporeae the hymenium is porous from the first, then frequently, as in Daedalea quercina many of the dissepiments become torn, and thus the hymenium presents a labyrinthi- form appearance, hence it is towards the margin of the adult pileus that pores are observed, as in Daedalea, Cyclomyces, &c. In the Agaricinae the hymenium at first consists of radiating gills or lamellae, which afterwards in some species become joined by transverse ribs that form irregular pores most abundant at the base, as in species of Pleiirotus, Paxillus, and many other tough genera. In texture and substance, Lenzites agrees with the Polyporeae, in the same way that Favolus, belonging to the Polyporeae, agrees with the Agari- cinae. (Fries.) Coriaceous, perennial or persistent ; allied to Daedalea and Trametes. Gills coriaceous, firm, sometimes simple and unequal, at others branches and anatomosing behind to form pores ; trama floccose, like the pileus ; margin of gills acute in some species, obtuse in others. All the species grow on wood, and in the European forms, dimidiate and sessile. (Fries.) Lenzites betulina. Fr. Pileus 3-4 in. long, 1-2 in. broad, more or less reniform or flabellate, horizontal, attached behind by an expanded base, flesh 2-3 lines thick behind, thin towards the margin, corky, coriaceous, firm, pallid, slightly zoned, tinged brownish, becoming pale, margin same colour; gills thin, lJ-2 lines LENZITES. 305 l)road, forked and anastomosing, straight, dingy white; spores elliptical, smooth, 4 x 2 /x. Lenzites hetulina. Fries, Epicr., p. 405 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 360; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1145a. On trunks and stumps, especially birch. Gills at first thickish, somewhat porous, dingy, then thinner and with the margin acute. Dimidiate, sessile, corky-coriaceous, firm and rigid, flat- tened, tomentose, usually indistinctly zoned, the true zones sometimes darker, 1-2 in. broad, becoming pale, greyish- white ; flesh floccose, white ; gills radiating from the base, straight, simple or branched, often anastomosing, about 3 lines broad, dingy white, margin acute. (Fries.) Lenzites flaccida. Fr. (figs. 8, 9, p. 301.) Pileus 1-2^ in. long, 1-1 J in. broad, more or less flabelli- form, horizontal, narrowed behind to the point of attach- ment, coriaceous, flesh about 1 line thick, flaccid, unequal, strigose, zoned, tinged grey or brown, then pale, margin same colour; gills broad, crowded, straight, unequally branched, white then pallid ; spores elliptical, smooth, 1 X IX. Lenzites flaccida, Fries, Epicr., p. 406 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 360 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1145 b (the gills too narrow). On trunks and stumps of beech, &c. Differs from L. hetulina in the coriaceous thin pileus, scarcely 1 line thick, easil}^ bent, strigosely hairy, at first whitish then sordid, zones similar in colour ; gills thick, firm, straight, very broad, simple, or branched, with shorter ones, intermixed, at first shining white then pallid. I have never seen the gills anastomosing in this species, but con- stantly obfurcate, i.e., forked towards the base. (Fries.) Lenzites saepiaria. Fr. Pileus 1-4 in. long, 1-1^ in. broad, horizontal, hard, zoned, strigose or tomentose, wrinkled, bay or sometimes umber, flesh thick, brown, margin yellowish ; gills thick, branched and anastomosing, yellowish; spores subglobose, smooth, 5 X 4 /x. Lenzites saepiaria, Fries, Epicr., p. 107 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 366; Cke., Hlustr., pi. 1146a. On fir. VOL. n. X o 06 FUNGUS-FLORA. Dimidiate, lateral, corky-coriaceous, hard, convex then flattened, orbicular, or frequently elongated, 1-3 in. broad, zoned, strigosely tomentose, at length squamulose ; tawny- yellow when 3'oung (and persistent at the margin), bay when adult, becoming blackish when old. Sometimes resupinate, forming orbicular plates. Flesh tawny. Gills spreading from the base, very rigid and firm, branched, more or less anastomosing and resembling Daedalea, 1-2 lines broad, yellowish when growing, umber, when old, margin entire or minutely toothed. (Fries.) Lenzites abietina. Fr. Pileus 1 J-5 in. lona", 1 in. or a little more broad, hori- zontal, thin effuso-reflexed, covered with dark umber down, becoming almost glabrous and hoary ; gills decurrent when effused behind, simple, unequal, glaucous from a dense bloom ; spores elliptical, smooth, 7-8 x 4 /x. Lenzites abietina. Fries, Epicr., p. -iO? ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 360; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1146b. On fir trunks, deals, &c. Always lougitudinally extended, effuso-reflexed, and some- times resupinate ; coriaceous, thin and soft, zoneless, covered with umber-coloured down, then becoming almost glabrous, hoary. I have seen it extending for a foot in length, but narrow, about J in. broad. Gills decurrent on the effused base, distant, simple, unequal, not anastomosing, frequently interrupted or torn into teeth, glaucous from the dense bloom. (Fries.) XEROTUS. Fries, (fig. 16, p. 301.) Pileus dry, membranaceous, tough; gills coriaceous, re- sembling broad folds, dichotomous, margin quite entire, obtuse, attached to the central or excentric stem; s^Dores white. Xerotus, Fries, Epicr., p. 48 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 359. The membranaceous pileus, and coriaceous, dichotomous gills having the obtuse margin quite entire, readily dis- tinguish the present from all other genera. It is almost a coriaceous-membranaceous Cantharellus, but in the last- named genus the gills are much broader. (Fries.) XEKOTUS— PANUS. 307 Xerotus degener. Fr. (fig. 16, p. 301.) Pileus about 1 in. across, coriaceo-membranacGous, very tough, plano-infundibuliform, entire, grey isli-bay and striate when moist, somewhat zoned ; gills few, decurrent, distant, simple or dichotomous, greyish-white; stem up to 1 in. long, often much shorter, thin, brown with white velvety- down. Xerotus degener, Fries, Epicr., p. 100; Cke., Hdbk., p. 359 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1150b. (After Sowerby, pi. 210, called Agaricus tiirfosus.) In peat mosses, on naked ground, &c. Most nearly allied to Thelephora undulata (= Stereum undu- latiim, Fung. Flor., vol. i. p. 130). The young hymenium has obtuse ribs, and when adult the edges of the gills are acute. On the ground in sterile, gravelly places. Stem very tough, solid, or floccosely stuffed at the apex, not 1 in. long, often not more than 2-3 lines, 1 line thick, equal, brown with a slight coating of white down. Pileus very thin, coriaceo- membranaceous, very tough, plane becoming infundibuli- form, greyish-bay and striate when moist, ilocculose and somewhat zoned when dry, grey, but some of the small indi- viduals are zoneless. Gills decurrent, very few and very distant from each other, when only slightly evolved, re- sembling the ridges in Cladoderris, edge very obtuse, when most perfectly evolved, thin, rather broad ; greyish- white, margin acute, flaccid, variable, sometimes quite equal, simple, sometimes dichotomous, with shorter ones inter- mixed. (Fries.) PANUS. Fries, (fig. 7, p. 301.) The whole fungus coriaceous and tough, drying up, texture fibrous ; pileus irregular, stipitate, sessile and hori- zontal, or resupinate; gills more or less decurrent, unequal, at length dry and coriaceous, margin quite entire ; stem ex- centric, lateral, or entirely absent ; spores smooth. Panus, Fries, Epicr., p. 396. Allied to Lentinus in the tough, somewhat coriaceous sub- stance, but at once distinguished by the coriaceous gills having the margin quite entire. X 2 308 FUNGUS-FLOEA. Growing on wood, form variable, persistent for a long time. (Fries.) ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES, * Stem excentric. ** Stem distinctly lateral. *** Stem absent ; pileus resupinate * Stem excentric. Panus conchatus. Fr. Pilens about 3 in. across, tough and flexible, unequal, ex- centric or dimidiate, margin often lobed, cinnamon-colour becoming pale, at length more or less scaly ; flesh thin ; gills narrow, forming decurrent lines on the stem, some- what branched; pinkish-white then pale-ochraceous, stem about -§- in. long, 3-4 lines thick, solid, unequal, j)ale, base downy. Panus concTiatiis, Fries, Epicr., p. 398 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 357 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1149a. On trunks of beech, poplar, &c. Often imbricated and more or less grown together. Allied to Panus torulosus, but distinguished by the much thinner pileus, more expanded and excentric, also dimidiate, flaccid, cinnamon becoming pale, but the form not constant. Stem about h in. long, 4 lines thick, often compressed, downy at the base. Pileus 2-4 in. broad, scaly when old. Gills de- current in long, parallel lines, not at all resembling those of Pleurotus ostreatus, which anastomose behind, but frequently iinequally branched, at first whitish or pale flesh-colour, then wood-colour, crisped when dry. (Fries.) Panus torulosus. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, coriaceous and flexible, plane, in- fundibuliform, or. dimidiate, margin often much waved, even, somewhat flesh-colour then ochraceous, not scaly ; flesh thin ; gills decurrent ; narrow, rather distant ; not anastomosing behind ; ruddy then pale buff ; stem ^-1 in. long, 3-5 lines thick, solid, oblique, covered with a dense grey down. PANUS. 809 Pamis tondosus, Fries, E^Dicr., p. 397 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 358 ; €ke., Illustr., pi. 1149b. On stumps, trunks, &c. Common on dead birch trunks. Very variable in sbape, at first tough, then coriaceous. Stem solid, short (usually 1 in. long), oblique, tough, firm, usually with grey — but sometimes with violet down or tomentum. Pileus entire but very excentric, much more fleshy than in P. conchatus ; rather compact when young, plane then infundibuliform, 2-3 in. broad, even, glabrous, rather fleshy, varies from livid-rufous to a violet tinge. Flesh pallid. Gills decurrent, rather distant, distinct behind, reddish then pale tan-colour. The indumentum on the stem resembles that of Paxillus atro-tomentosus. (Fries.) ** Stem lateral. Panus stypticus. Fr. (fig. 7, p. 301.) Taste hot and pungent, Thin, flexible, ^-Ih in. across, reniform, cinnamon then yellowish bufl", cuticle broken up into mealy granules; gills narrow, rather close, connected by thin transverse ridges, cinnamon ; stem lateral, very short, flattened ; spores 3x1" 5-2 fx. Panus stypticiiSj Fries, Epicr., p. 399; Cke., Illust., t. 1114a. On decaying stumps, trunks, &c. Usually densely imbricated, the short stems being con- ifluent. Gregarious, caespitose, remarkable for the astringent taste. Stem solid, distinctly lateral, compressed, dilated up) wards, not reaching I in. in length, ascending, pruinose, paler than the gills. Pileus dry, thin, but not membrana- ceous, reniform, ^-1 in. broad, pruinose, cinnamon becoming pale, cuticle broken up into minute scurfy squamules. Gills determinate, not decurrent, thin, very narrow, crowded, beautifully connected by veins, cinnamon. (Fries.) Panus farinaceus. Schum. Pileus somewhat coriaceous, wavy, cinnamon-umber, the cuticle breaking up into greyish white scurf which eventually 810 FUNGUS-FLOE A. falls away ; stem lateral, short, coloured like the pileus ; gills determinate, free, distinct, paler. Panus farinaceus, Schum., p. 365; Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 490. On trunks. With the habit of P. sfypticiis. This species has not yet been found in Britain, but the following, which is considered as a variety of the above, has been collected in Epping Forest. Var. albido-tcmentosus, Cke. and Mass., Cke., Hdbk., IX 358; Cke., Illiistr., pL 1144b. Pileus about | in. long, |- in. broad, horizontal, sometimes imbricated, semicircular, subcoriaceous, flexuous or regular^ pale umber, densely clothed with a short, whitish, velvety down, which seems to be persistent, but thinner and shorter towards the shortl}- incurved margin ; stem lateral, very short ; or entirely absent, and attached by a downy base ; gills radiating from the point of attachment ; nari'owed behind, lanceolate, honey-coloured, margin entire, rigid, scarcely crowded, shorter ones intermixed; spores subglo- bose, smooth, 5 /x diameter. On trunks and branches. Pileus about an inch broad, often in imbricated tufts. It is doubtful whether this is not a distinct species from the type described by Fries. (C. & M.) *** Stem absent, Panus patellaris. Fr. Pileus ^— f in. across, resupinate, coriaceous, plane then cup-shaped, orbicular, attached by a slightly projecting vertex, scurfy or downy, pallid, margin narrowly incurved ; gills radiating from the point of attachment, narrow, dark ochraceous ; spores white, smooth, 4 x 3 yu,. Panus patellaris, Fries, Epicr., p. 400; Cke., Hdbk., p. 538; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1144c. On branches of cherry, beech, &c. Simple ; allied to P. stijioticus. Gills as in other species. LENTINUS. 311 quite entire, crowded ; but the substance is much firmer, as in Lcntinns. (Fries.) In some respects very similar to P. ringens, but dififers in the distinctly mealy pileus, and the smooth, not striate margin. Pileus h in. or a little more. (Cooke.) Very remarkable. Analogous with Pamis ringens, but most nearly allied to P. stypticua. Pileus resupinate, coriaceous, orbicular, saucer-shaped, sessile, adnate and attached by the vertex, margin free and involute, h in. or a little more across, scurfy-downy and pallid externally. From the observations of Lindblad the pileus is viscid at first. Gills meeting at a central point, crowded, quite entire, dry, dark ochraceous. (Fries.) Panus Stevensonii. B. & Br. Pileus spathulate, olive-yellow, stem dilated above, convex, golden, slightly hispid ; gills narrow, entire ; flesh greenish- yellow. Panus Stevensonii, Berk k Broome, Ann. Xat. Hist., no. 1796 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 359. On oak. I have not seen a specimen of the above, consequently cannot add to the scanty diagnosis. The species is pre- sumably small in size. LEXTINUS. Fries, (fig. 6, p. 301.) Pileus coriaceous, tough, hard and dry when old, not soon decaying, always more or less irregular; gills becoming dry, tough, simple, unequal, thin, margin acute, toothed or irregular, more or less decurrent ; stem when present, hard and firm, central, excentric, or lateral ; spores white, smooth. Lentinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 45 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 354. Allied to Panus in the dry, coriaceous nature of the pileus and gills, but distinguished by the toothed or serrate margin of the gills. All the species grow on wood. 312 FUNGUS-FLOKA. ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES. I. Mesopodes. Pileus more or less entire, stem distinct. * Lejndei. Pileiis scaly. Veil more or loss evident. (Yeil absent in all the following sections.) ** Pulverulenti. Pilens downy or pulverulent. *** Coclileati. Pileus glabrous. II. Pleuroti. Dimidiate, sessile or with, a lateral stem. I. MESOPODES. Le]^idei. * Lentinus tigrinus. Fr. (fig. 6, p. 301.) Pileus usually about 2 in. across, fleshy-coriaceous, thin, generally orbicular and central, convexo-plane at first, at length infundibuliform, white variegated with blackish, adpressed, pilose squamules, the margin often split when dry; gills decurrent, not at all sinuate, narrow, crowded, unequal, white, margin toothed ; stem solid, very hard, about 2 in. long, usually attenuated downwards, minutely squamulose, whitish, base often ascending and brownish, apex at first furnished with an entire reflexed ring, but this soon disappears ; spores elliptical, smooth, 7 X 3 * 5 /a. Lentinus tigrinus. Fries, Epicr., p. 389 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1138 and 1139a; Sowerby, tab. 68. On dead wood, oak, &c. Subgregarioiis or caespitose. Slenderer than L. lepideiis, and more coriaceous and regular. (I'ries.) Lentinus Dunalii. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, coriaceous, thin, umbilicate, margin often waved and deformed, pallid, ornamented with ad- pressed, spot-like scales which eventually fall away, leaving LENTINUS. 313 the pileus smootli ; gills decurrent, crowded, rather narrow, pallid ; stem about f in. long, somewhat silky, solid, veil scarcely evident. Lentinus Dunalii, Fries, Epicr., p. 390; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1139b; Cke., Hdbk., p. 255. On trunks, &c. Allied to L. tigrinus ; ring on the stem very rudimentary. More or less clustered. Lentinus lepideus. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, fleshy, tough, convex then depressed and unequal, pale dingy ochraceous, becoming broken up into darker, spot-like squamules; flesh 2-3 lines thick at the disc, white ; gills slightly sinuate, decurrent, 2-3 lines broad, margin irregular, torn, transversely striate, whitish, or tinged with yellow ; stem usually about 1 in. long, but sometimes longer, about \ in. thick, tapering to a rooting base, hard, j)ale, with downy squamules, veil very soon disappearing ; spores narrowly elliptical, smooth, 7 X 3 /x. Lentinus lepideus. Fries, Epicr., p. 390; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1140 and 1141 (monstrous form); Cke., Hdbk., p. 355. On trunks, stumps, &c. Showy, large, firm, much deformed, somewhat excentric, smell pleasant. Often white. (Fries.) Developing into very grotesque forms when growing in dark situations. ** Pulverulenti. Lentinus leontopodius. Schulzer. Pileus 4-8 in. across, fleshy, compact, tough, irregular, very excentric, or almost lateral, broadly umbilicate, margin arched and bent down, more or less lobed, distinctly tomen- tose, i)ale reddish-ochraceous, rather darker towards the margin ; flesh 5-9 lines thick at centre of pileus, gradually becoming thinner towards the margin, very close and com- pact, white ; gills deeply decurrent on the under side of the stem, not crowded, 3-4 lines broad, pale reddish-ochraceous, margin darker and minutely toothed, veined at the sides, connected by veins ; stem 3-4 in. long, up to 1 in. thick, curved and ascending, solid, hard, tough, somewhat equal, 3 1 4 FUNGUS-FLOE A. scurfy or downy, brown, base often blackish. ; spores cylin- drical, obliquely apiculate, smooth, white. 12-15 /x long. Lentinus leontojpodtus, Schulzer, in Kalchbr., Icon. Hym. Hung., p. 45, pi. 28 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 355. On willow trunks, &c. A large and noble fungus, gregarious or caespitose in small clusters. Smell very pleasant. Taste sweet, grateful. (Schulzer.) Lentinus pulverulentus. Fr. Pileus about 2 in. across, flesh thin, tough, convex, yellow ; stem stout, elongated, equal, rigid, yellow, powdered with white meal ; gills denticulate, white. Lentinus jmherulentus, Fries, Epicr., p. 391 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 355 ; B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., no. 1567. Agaricus pulverulentus^ Scop., Carn., p. 434. On trunks. Caespitose. An uncertain species, not seen by Fries. Kecorded for Britain by Berkeley and Broome, but judging from their notes, given below, it appears doubtful v.'hether they had the right species in view. Tufted, at first infundibuliform, then lateral flabelliform, fuliginous, floccoso-pulverulent, with little umber particles ; stem elongated, at length smooth ; gills pallid, deeply decurrent, their edge crenulate, but not torn ; pileus 2 in. ; stem 3 in. high. (B. & Br.) Lentinus resinaceus. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, rather fleshy, tough, excentric, convex then depressed or infundibuliform, margin involute and variously waved, downy, somewhat glandular and covered with a resinous gum, ochraceous-cinnamon ; gills adnato-decurrent, crowded, very narrow at first, fold-like, connected by veins, at length 1-14- line broad, white, margin serrate ; stem solid, firm, scarcely 1 in. long, unequal, ex- panding into the pileus, even, somewhat dov\ny, pallid. Lentinus resinaceus^ Fries, Epicr., p. 391 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 356. On trunks. Somewhat caespitose ; stems often more or less grown together; fleshy, pliant. LENTINUS. 315 Lentinus adhaerens. A. & S. Pileus aboiit 1 in. across, flesh thin, tongh, irregular, lacunose, somewhat pulverulent, dingy, pale, glutinous ; gills forming clecurrent lines on the stem, very thin, torn, white ; stem rooting, coloured like the pileus, glutinous, somewhat hollow. Lentinus adhaerens, Fries, Ejoicr., p. 391 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 356. Agaricus adhaerens, Alb. & Schw., p. 186. In pine woods. Small, unequal ; taste becoming astringent. Pileus con- vex and somewhat umbonate, then depressed and infundi- buliform. (Fries.) The pileus and stem appearing as if lacquered, from the gluten. *** Cochleati. Lentinus cochleatus. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, tough, flaccid, irregular, more or less lobed and twisted, often depressed or even infundibuliform, reddish-cinnamon ; gills somewhat decurrent, crowded, soft, margin distinctly toothed, about Ih line broad, pinkish- white ; stem variable in length and thickness, several fre- quently more or less grown together, solid, sulcate, smooth, coloured like the pileus or paler. Lentinus cochleatus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 484; Cke., Hdbk., p. 356 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1142a. On trunks, stumps, &c. Annual ; tufted ; with a faint, but very distinct spicy smell. Tough, flaccid, not perennial, sometimes solitary, at others caespitose, imbricated, and growing into each other; smell weak, resembliug aniseed, or none. From a small diminutive form, iisually solitary, with pileus and stem scarcely reaching 1 in., extending up to 3 in. Stem solid, firm, sometimes central, often excentric, and sometimes entirely lateral, always sulcate, glabrous, flesh-colour above, reddish-brown below; pileus flexible, thin, 2-3 in. broad, usually excentric, imbricated, very unequal, more or less lobed or contorted, plane, umbilicate, or infundibuliform, 316 FUNGUS-FLORA. not pervious, glabrous, flesli-co]our, becoming pale and some- what tan-colour. Gills decurrent, crowded, serrate, whitish with a tinge of flesh-colour. (Fries.) Veiy much tufted. Several stems are confluent in such a way as to make it doubtful whether the several pilei are really distinct, or are only lobes of one large one, the circle of the gills being always incom2:tlete on the side of the common centre, the whole forming a lobed funnel with deflected edges. The surface is rough, with prominent minute ribs or prickles (as expressed by Sowerby's figure), pale rufescent, often powdered with the white sporules, 1-1 J in. broad. Sometimes the surface is more even, but still somewhat sculptured so as to be rough with raised lines. Stem com- pound, strongly ribbed and sulcate, the ribs being continua- tions of the serrated paler decurrent gills. At first the pileus and gills are tender, stem firm and leathery. Odour agreeable. (Berk.) 11. PLEUEOTI. Lentinus Scoticus. B. & Br. Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, soft, very variable, plane, umbilicate, or infundibuliform, smooth, pallid or brownish, hygrophanous ; stem excentric or lateral, variable darker than the pileus, pulverulent, springing from a branched, brown mycelium ; gills decurrent when the stem is present, rather distant, strongly toothed, pallid; spores elliptical, smooth, 0-6 X 4 /x. Lentinus Scoticus, Berk. & Broome, Ann. Nat. Hist., no. 1423; Cke., Hdbk., p. 356; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1143. On furze, birch, &c. Inodorous, or, at any rate, without any odour of aniseed ; extremely variable ; pileus ^-1 J in. broad, smooth, hygro- phanous, pallid, at length brownish ; either quite stemless and reniform, or variously stipitate, solitary or caespitose, sometimes deeply umbilicate, lobed at the margin and sinuate or plicate ; stem, when present, varying from 2 lines to as many inches ; gills rather distant, strongly toothed, decurrent when the stem is developed. Yery rarely two LENTINUS. 317 pilei are joined. The nearest ally to this curious species i& Leniinus omphalodes. (B. & Br.) Lentinus fimbriatus. Currey. Pileus -J^-f in. across, flesh thin, rather coriaceous, some- what dimidiate, depressed behind, pale fawn-colour, or whitish, with scattered darker floccose scales; margin slightly incurved and hairy, gills descending but not truly decurrent, narrow, tinged with brown, margin toothed and torn ; stem up to ^ in. long, not 1 line thick, solid, whitish, incurved. Lentinus fimbriatus, Currey, Linn. Transact., xxiv. p. 152, t. 25, f. 2 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 356 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1148a. On a stump standing in a pond. Distinguished among British species by its small size. Lentinus vulpinus. Fr. Piles l-2h in. across, sessile or produced behind into a stem-like base, imbricated, tough, somewhat orbicular or shell-shaped, grown together behind, longitudinally wrinkled and rough with minute floccose points, pale tan- colour; margin incurved, entire; gills 2 lines broad, margin torn, white. Lentinus vuljyinus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 238 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 357 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1142b. On trunks and stumps. Inodorous, and like Armillaria mellea, the pilei become powdered with the white spores. (Fries.) Lentinus flabelliformis. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, thin, flabby, tough, almost sessile, reniform, plane or somewhat depressed behind, glabrous, even, fawn-colour or pale cinnamon, margin more or less crenulate ; gills 2 lines broad, often torn, pallid. Lentinus flahelliformis, Fries, Epicr., p. 395 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 357; Cke., Illustr., pL 1148b (after Bolton). On trunks and stumps. Clustered or imbricated. Fries mentions a small var. herharum, with a membranaceous pileus that becomes pale ; growing on stems of Lpilohium. 318 FUNGUS-FLOE A. CAKTHAEELLUS. Adans. (fig. 4. p. 301.) Pilens fleslij^ or membranaceous, regular, excentric, or variously lobed ; gills more or less decurrent, thick, margin blunt, ratber waxy, narrow ; stem central, lateral, or absent ; veil absent ; spores white, smooth. Cantharellus, Adans., Fuug. Ord. v. ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 339. The characters of this genus mainly depend on the gills, which are fold-like, more or less thick, decurrent, branched, usually repeatedly dichotomous, and straight, rarely anasto- mosing. Veil absent. Spores white. The species are fleshy or membranaceous, soon decaying, central stemmed, and terrestrial, or some of the smaller species grow on living mosses, rarely on wood. Many of the species bear a very close resemblance to species of Craterellus, but are distinguished by the evident gills. In HygropTiorus the gills are often thick and waxy, but the edge is always sharp and thin. ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES. I. Mesopus. Pileus entire. Stem central. * Pileus and solid stem fleshy. ** Pileus somewhat membranaceous ; stem tubular, polished. II. Pleueopus. Dimidiate ; stem exactly lateral. III. Eesupinati. Pileus sessile, cup-shaped at first, attached by the vertex, then more or less reflexed ; wavy. Growing on moss. CANTHARELLUS. 319 I. MESOPUS. * Pileus and solid stem fleshy. Cantharellus cibarius. Fr. Every j^art opaque yellow-buff; pileus l|^-2i in. across ; flesh thick, firm, whitish; irregular and wavy, at length turbinate, glabrous or very minutely downy ; gills decurrent, narrow, thick, distant ; stem 1-2 in. long, stout, becoming thicker upwards and gradually expanding into the flesh of the pileus, solid ; spores elliptical, smooth, 9 x 5-6 fx. Cantliarelliis cibarius. Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 318 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 339 ; Cke., Illustr., pi." 1103. Agaricus cantliarelliis, Linn., Suec, no. 1207. In woods. Esculent. Smell none when fresh, but resembling apricots after having been kept for some time. Fries says that the fungus is sometimes entirely white. Subgregarious. Pileus 1-4 in. broad, fleshy, firm, variously lobed, depressed, the margin vaulted, smooth, shining, of a rich yolk-of-egg yellow, paler when dry; flesh white or yellowish ; folds much sinuated, but evidently forked, thick fleshy, decurrent. Spores elliptic. Stem 1-2 in. high, ^-^2 ^^- thick, attenuated downwards, smooth, tough, yellow, diffused into the pileus. Smell very agreeable, like that of dried apricots, taste agreeable, but pungent. Much firmer than C. aiirantiacus. (Berk.) Entire plant of a full buffish-yellow, or yolk-of-egg colour, of a rather firm yet brittle substance. Pileus 1-4 in. in breadth, glabrous, irregular, subrepand, frequently variously lobed, the margin rounded, the centre mostly depressed, sometimes much hollowed. Flesh yellowish- white or pale yellowish. Lamellae in the form of tumid veins or folds, branching dichotomously, and sometimes anastomosing. Stipes firm, solid, 1-2 in. long, variable in diameter, at- tenuated downwards. Odour none when quite fresh, but soon after having been gathered, that of ripe apricots. (Grev.). Every part egg-yellow, pileus truly fleshy, convex at first, then plane and subdepressed, wavy, always glabrous ; stem 320 FUNGUS-FLORA. solid, tliickened upwards and passing gradually into the turbinate pileus, a character that separates this species from all others. Gills very decurrent, more tumid than in other species, distant, branched, narrow, resembling folds. Smell none. Taste pleasant. (Fries.) var. rufipes. Gillet, Hym. France, ser. 13; Cke., Hdbk., p. 339 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1131a. Flesh pale ochraceous ; stem rufous at the base. Cantharellus Friesii. Quel. Pileus |-1J in. across, flesh rather thin, white, convex then more or less depressed, downy, pale opaque huffish orange ; gills decurrent, thickish, narrow, branched, coloured like the pileus or paler; stem about J in. long, 3 lines thick, solid, downy, expanding upwards into the j)ileus, paler than the pileus, base whitish. Cantharellus Friesii, Quelet, Fung. Jura et Vosg., t. 23, f. 2 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 339 ; Cke., Illustr., pL 1131b. In woods. Intermediate between Cantharellus ciharius and C. auran- tiacus, with the gills of the former, and the habit of the latter. (Cooke.) Cantharellus aurantiacus. Fr. (fig. 4, p 301.) Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh rather thin, depressed and more or less irregular and wavy, soft, rather tomentose, dingy opaque orange, sometimes paler; gills decurrent, crowded, rather thin, striate at the sides, forked, brighter-coloured than the pileus ; stem J— f in. long, about 3 lines thick, slightly thickened upwards and expanding into the pileus, coloured like the pileus, base often darker, stuffed or imperfectly hollow; spores elliptical, smooth, 10 X 5 /x. Cantharellus aurantiacus, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 318; Cke., Hdbk., p. 339 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1104. Heaths, fir woods, &c. Gills sometimes paler than the pileus, nearly white, (Cooke.) Gregarious. Pileus l-}r-2 in. broad, often irregular, slightly depressed, tomentose, though sometimes quite smooth, as in Scotch specimens gathered by Klotzsch, of a beautiful orange ; margin paler and involute ; sometimes there are CANTHARELLi:S. 321 sliglit traces of an umbo. Folds bright orange, narrow, straight, repeatedly dichotomous. Spores elliptic. Stem 1 in. high, ^-^- in. thick, often excentric and curved, at- tenuated below, subequal, or incrassated at the base, in general of the same colour as the pileus ; often black at the base when old ; much smoother than the pileus. B. On the roots of grass. Pileus 1^- in. broad; depressed and sometimes umbonate, nearly white, or shaded with rich yellow-brown. Folds white or brownish cream-colour. Spores elliptic. Stem 1-14- in. high, ^-^- in. thick, of the same colour as the pileus. Smell strong. (Berk.) Cantharellus Brownii. B. & Br. Ochraceous- white or cream -col our. Pileus about h in. across, flesh thin, orbicular, obtuse or slightly umbonate, slightly silky ; gills subdecurrent, very narrow, rather distant, simple or forked; stem 1^2 in. long, not 1 line thick, tough, stufl'ed; spores broadly elliptical, smooth, 7 X 5 fjL, CaniliareUus Brownii, B. & Br., Berk., Outl., p. 216; Cke., Hdbk., p. 340; Cke., Illustr., ^dL IIOGa. Among grass. Differs from the typical Cantliarellus type in the almost simple, very narrow, not decurrent gills, and the specimen sent to me suggested Arrhenia. (Fries.) Whole plant of a pale ochraceous cream-colour. Pileus orbicular, thin, convex, subumbonate, ^ in. across, some- times rather larger, obscurely silky. Stem slender, 1^-2 in. high, scarce 1 line thick, nearly equal, subfurfuraceous, furnished with a little white fibrillose mycelium at the base, which sometimes forms a small earthy ball, rather tough, stuffed. Folds linear, very narrow, sometimes slightly forked, obtusely decurrent ; interstices smooth, occasionally quite obsolete except towards the margin. Hymenium nearly white. There is no described species allied to this, except Cant, aurantiacus, which approaches to it by means of its white variety. It is a very neat and beautiful fungus, with very much the habit of Ag. hemispliaericus ( = Naucoria sideroides), and with the stem stuffed as in that species. (B. & Br.) VOL. II. T 322 FUNGUS-FLOEA. Cantharellus carbonarius. Fr. Pileus 1-|-2J in. across, flesh thin, flexible, usually irregular, urabilicate or deeply depressed, minutely squamu- lose, bay then blackish; gills decurrent, straight, narrow, white; stem 1-3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, more or less rooting, not unfrequently branched and bearing 2-3 pilei, white or greyish, stufted ; spores elliptical, smooth, 14-15 X 7-8 /x. Cantharellus carhonarius, Fries, Hj-m. Eur., p. 456; Cke., Hdbk., p. 340 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1105, Cantharellus radicosus, B. & Br., Ann. Xat. Hist., 1134 (1860). Cantharellus anthraco])hilus, Leveille, Ann. Sci. Nat. 1841, p. 236, t. 14, f. 2. 3Ierulius carhonarius, Alb. & Schw., p. 375. On charcoal or on the ground where charcoal has been burnt. A variable species, but recognised by the depressed, blackish pileus and rooting stem, which is sometimes branched. Pileus |-1 in. across, deeply umbilicate, dark brown or black, rough with radiating flocci ; stem rooting, deeply pallid ; gills narrow, white. Two or three pilei often grow from the same obconical root, which is wiiite and spongy. This agrees in some respects with C. carhonarius, Alb. & Schw., which is said to be a variety of C. umbonatus, and must be therefore very different from the present species. (B. & Br.). Cantharellus umbonatus. Fr. Pileus up to 1 in. across, fleshy, expanded, umbonate then depressed, slightly flocculose, grey then blackish; gills decurrent, narrow, straight, crowded, shining white ; stem 2-3 in. long, about 2 lines thick, almost, equal, elastic,, stuffed, paler grey than the pileus, base downy; spores elliptical, smooth, 10 x 4-5 /x. Cantharellus umbonatus. Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 317; Cke., Hdbk., p. 340 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1106b. Among moss, &c. Piesembling an Agaric in habit. Allied to C. carhonarius, but distinguished by the regular pileus and the regular. CAXTHAEELLUS. 323 equal stem, which is not rooting. The habitat is also different. Fries says that the present species often becomes reddish when bruised. Cantharellus albidus. Fr. Pileus ^-Ih in. across, flesh rather thin, somewhat in- fundibuliform, irregular, rather wavy, indistinctly zoned, whitish or with a yellow tinge ; gills decurrent, thin, rather crowded, repeatedly dichotomous, white ; stem 1-1 J- in. long, 2 lines thick, equal or becoming compressed, glabrous, white, or rarely tinged with yellow, solid ; spores elliptical, smooth, 8 X 4/x. CantliareUus albidus. Fries, Epicr., p. 365 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1107a; Cke., Hdbk., p. 340. In meadows, among moss, &c. Tough, but not coriaceous, white, verging on yellow or rufous, j)ileus somewhat zoned. (Fries.) ** JPileiis siibmemhranaceous ; stem liollow, polislied, Cantharellus tubaeformis. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, flexible, infundibuliform, waved and more or less lobed, flocculose, yellowish-brown becoming pale; gills slightly decurrent, thick, distant, repeatedly branched, smoky-yellow ; stem 2-3 in. long, 3 lines thick, almost equal, often compressed, lacunose, glabrous, dull tawny-orange, hollow ; spores elliptical, smooth, 9 X 6-7 /x. CantliareUus tiibaeformis. Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 319 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 340; Cke., Illustr., pi. li08. In woods, on the ground and on rotten wood. Gregarious. Pileus 2 in. broad, thin, at first convex, at length much undulated, depressed and very much umbilicate, occasionally pervious, scrobiculato-squamose, brownish-yellow. Folds straight-forked, slightly anasto- mosing, cinereous yellow, frosted with a white bloom. Stem 2 in. high, ^- in. thick, hollow, compressed, thickest downwards, smooth, slightly downy at the base, saffron- coloured, brownish-yellow above. (Berk.) Closely allied to C. infundibuliformis, with which it was once united, but the typical form appears to be clearly Y 2 321 FUXGUS-FLOIIA. distinct altliougli intermediate forms exist. Far removed from C. ciharlus, C. aurantiaciis, C. umhonatus, and C. alhidus, in the submembranaceous, infundibuliform, flocculose pileus and tubular stem. From C. infundihidiformis the present -differs in the deeply umbilieate, broader, usually waved and lobed pileus, fuscous when moist, becoming pale when dry, stem hollow, at length compressed and lacunose, tawny- orange, gills more divided, yellow or smok3'-grey, and, ■according to Secretan, never pruinose. Analogous with Craterellus lutescens in habit and colour. Suhsj). lutescens, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 208. Stem equal or attenuated upwards ; pileus convex, um- bilieate, regular, almost even ; gills dichotomous, coloured as in the typical form. Intermediate between the present species and C. infiindi- huliformis. Cantharellus infundibuliformis. Fi\ Pileus 1-2 V in. across, submembranaceous, umbilieate then infundibuliform, usuall}' perforated at the base and opening into the cavity of the stem, floccosely rugose on the surface, yellowish-grey or smoky when moist, pale when dry, at length undulated ; gills decurrent, thick, distant, dicho- tomous, straight, yellow, or grey, especially when old, and then pruinose ; stem 2-3 in. long, about 2 lines thick, hollow, slightly thickened at the base, even, glabrous, always yellow ; spores elliptical, smooth, 0-10 x 6 /x. Cantliarellus infundibuliformis, Fries, Epicr., p. 366 ; Cke., lUustr., pi. 1109; Cke., Hdbk., p. 341. On the ground and on rotten wood. Gregarious, somewhat caespitose. For distinctions be- tween the present species and C, tuhaeformis, see under the latter. Cantharellus cinereus. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, flexible, infundibuliform, pierced at the base and continuous with the hollow of the stem, ornamented with downy squamules, smoky-brown then blackish; gills decurrent, narrow, thick, distant, grey; stem 1^-2 in. long, gradually widening upwards, paler than the pileus, hollow ; spores broadly elliptical or sometimes sub- globose, about 7 X o a. .CANTHAEELLUS. 325 Cantharellus cinereus, Fries, Syst. Mj^c, i. p. 320 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 341 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1110a. In woods. Closely resembling Craterelliis cornucojnoides, but distin- guished by the distinct gills. Cantharellus Houghtoni. Phil. Pileus §-l|- in, across, flesh thin, convex, umbilicate, margin often wavy and upturned, smooth, pallid- white ; gills veiy slightly decurrent, narrow, with a pale pink tinge ; stem lh-2 in. long, equal, slightly expanding into the pileus, whitish, at first delicately fibrillose, stuffed ; spores ellip- tical, 7 X 4 /x. Cantharellus Houghtoni, Phillips, in Cke.'s Hdbk., p. 341 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1107b. On the ground. Pileus 1 in. or more across, dirty- white, with a tinge of flesh-colour ; stem 2 in. high, 1 line thick, stuffed, rooting at the base, which is more or less cottony ; gills scarcely forked, narrow, slightly decurrent. (Cke.) Altogether thin and slender, and calling to mind a white, slender Glitocyhe. Cantharellus leucophaeus. Mouel. Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh very thin, j^liant, infundi- buliform, glabrous, dusky-brown, margin usually incurved ; gills decurrent, distant, simple or forked, with intermediate shorter ones, narrow, white; stem about 1 in. long, lJ-2 lines thick, slightly thickened at the base, otherwise equal, stuffed, smooth, paler than the pileus or similar in colour ; spores elliptical, smooth, 9 X 5 /a. Cantharellus leucophaeus, Mouel., Mem. Soc. Lille, 1831, t. i. f. 2-3 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 341 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1111a. A very neat, regular species, somewhat resembling C. cinereus in colour and habit, but smaller, pileus not pervious at the base, and stem stuffed. Cantharellus cupulatus. Fr. Pileus about \ in. across, flesh thin, plane then depressed or infundibuliform, often wav}^, hygrophanous, pallid-brown or rufescent and with the margin striate when moist, floccu- 326 FUNGUS-FLOKA, lose and witliout striae wlien dry ; gills decurrent, very distant, rather broad, branched and with intermediate shorter ones, grey; stem about 1 in. long, about h line thick, equal, slightly expanding into the pileus, polished, glabrous, stuffed, coloured like the pileus; spores elliptical, smooth, 7 X o /JL. CantJmrellus ciqndatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 367 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 342 ; Cke., lUustr., pi. 1110b. On the ground. Easily recognised by its diminutive size, rufescent pileus and stem, and grey gills. Resembling a Xerotus in habit. See note under C. Stevensoni. Cantharellus Stevensoni. B. & Br. Pileus up to 4 lines across, orbicular, umbilicate, pallid, smooth, margin inflexed, flesh thin ; gills decurrent, pallid, brownish behind ; stem up to \ in. high, not ^ line thick, cylindrical, delicately pulverulent, white, then darker. Cantharellus Stevensoni, Berk. & Br., Ann. Kat. Hist., no. 1422; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1111b; Cke., Hdbk., p. 342. On rotten wood among moss. Pileus about 2 lines across, stem -|- in. high, l line thick, with a little white mycelium at the base. Yeiy near to C. ciqndatusy but that is very strongly umbonate when young, and the umbo is always visible at the bottom of the umbilicus ; the habitat moreover is different. (B. & Br.) Cooke's figures are larger than the measurements given above ; pileus up to h in. across, with a decided nipple-like umbo ; stem up to 1 in. long. Cantharellus replexus. Fr. Pileus i-1 in. across, membranaceous, campanulate then expanded and reflexed, striate, brownish then grey ; gills very slightly decurrent, distant, connected by veins to form a reticulation, distant, with shorter branched ones between, white then glaucous; stem 11-2 in. long, 1 line thick, glabrous, slightly thickened upwards, hollow. Cantharellus replexus. Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 158. Cantharellus rejlexus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 342. On the ground. "With the habit of Mycena, but the gills are broad behind, CANTHAEELLUS. 327 thick, and fold-like, margin obtuse and paler. Pileus glabrous or cracked into squamules. (Fries.) Var. devexus, Fries, S^^st Myc, i. p. 158 ; ( .'ke., lUustr., pi. 1150a. Differs from the type in the bent down margin of the pileus, stuffed stem, and unbranched grey gills ; spores <5 X 4/x. On scorched ground. Cooke's figures show the pileus upturned at the margin. II. PLEUEOPUS. Cantharellus muscigenus. Fr. Pileus ^-J in. across, somewhat membranaceous, flaccid, more or less spathulate, often depressed behind, horizontal, smooth, usually zoned, yellowish-brown or fuscous, then greyish-white when old and dry ; gills radiating, distant, branched, thick, narrow, coloured like the pileus ; stem 1-2 lines long, slender, lateral, downy at the base. Cantharellus onmci genus, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p, 323 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 342 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1115a. On the larger mosses, Hijjmum, &c. Distinguished from C. glaucus by its habitat, and brownish -colour when moist. Agreeing with C. retirugus in growing on mosses, but known by the true lateral stem and thick gills. Cantharellus glaucus. Batsch. Entirely grey ; pileus up to h in, across, membranaceous, strap-shaped or flabellate, ascending, silky, not zoned ; gills radiating from the point of attachment of the stem, distant, narrow, thick, forked ; stem lateral, expanding into the pileus, about 1 line long, slightly pruinose ; spores elliptical, smooth, 5 X 3 /x. Cantharellus glaucus, Cke., lUastr., pi. 1115b; Cke,, Hdbk., p. 343. On the ground. Distinguished from C. muscigenus, the only other British species with a lateral stem, by growing on the ground, and by being altogether grey in colour. 328 rUXGUS-FLORA. III. EESUPINATI. Cantharellus retirugus. Fr. Pileus J-| in. across, membranaceous, expanded, more or less fan- shaped or irregular, margin wavy and lobed, greyish- white; snbsessile or rarely produced behind into a short, flattened, stem-like base, attached by fibrils ; gills radiating from the centre, very thin, anastomosing ; spores broadly elliptical, smooth, 10 x 8 /x. Caniharellus retirugus, Fries, Epicr., j). 368 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 343; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1112a. On mosses, Hyj^num, &c. Agreeing with C. miiscigeniis in growing on mosses, but differing in the absence of a true slender stem, and in the very delicate, anastomosing gills. Cantharellus lobatus. Fr. Pileus J-1 in. across, membranaceous, horizontal, more or less orbicular, but with the margin deeply lobed, sessile, brownish, pale when dry ; gills radiating from a point, thick and fold-like, branched, distinct. Cantliarellus lohatus. Fries, Syst. Mvc, i. p. 323; Cke.> Hdbk., p. 343 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 11126." On mosses in swampy places. Distinguished by being completely sessile, and the margin of the pileus deeply incised. In swampy places on Sijpnum, sj^Jiagnum, &c., in the spring. Sessile, horizontal, membranaceous, somewhat circular, hardly 1 in. broad, adfixed at first, entire, then sublateral and lobed, dark brown when growing, much paler when dry. Gills fold-like, rather distant, distinct, branched, coloured like the pileus. (Fries.) Wet boggy places, on moss, as Eijimum cuspidatum and revolens. April — autumn. Pileus 2 lines, IJ in. broad, membranaceous, horizontal, often at length vertical, attached laterally by a few byssoid fibres, which sometimes run down the moss for some distance, pale cinereous-umber, margin nearly white, under a lens most minutely scabrous, as if it were innato-fibrillose, occasionally there are two or three zones. Hjjmenium paler, consisting of radiating more or less NYCTALIS. 329 anastomosing wrinkles, which, especially at the base, are reticulate, though towards the margin they continue distinct. At first sight it appears like a pale minute specimen of Peltidea canina, much sodden with moisture. (Berk.) KYCTALIS. Fries, (fig. 5, p. 301.) Pileus symmetrical, in some species hearing large conidia on its surface ; gills adnate or decurrent, thick, soft, margin obtuse ; stem central, its substance continuous with the flesh of the pileus; spores colourless, smooth, elliptical or subglobose. Nydalis, Fries, Syst. Orb. Yeg., p. 203 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 343. The typical species are saprophytic on decaying fungi. ANALYSIS OF TEE SPECIES, I. Paeasitae. Gills distinct, distant. Growing on decaying fungi. II. Speleae. Gills somewhat growing into each other, crowded. Grow- ing in dark places, and in all probability nothing more than morbid conditions of other species. I. PARASITAE. Nyctalis parasitica. Fr. Pileus up to I in. across, flesh thin, conical then soon becoming expanded, unequal, pruinose from the presence of conidia, grey ; gills adnate, thick, distant, at length anasto- mosing, brownish; stem 1-3 in. long, not 1 line thick, often wavy, equal, downy, whitish ; spores broadly elliptical, smooth, 5 X 3 • 5 /x. Nyctalis parasitica, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 4G4; Cke., Ildbk., p. 344; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1113. 330 FUXGUS-FLORA. Growing on Bussida adusta and B. foetens. Gregarious or caespitose. The conidia produced "by the diyphae of the pileus are large, elliptical, and smooth. Nyctalis asterophora. Fr. (fig. 5, p. 301.) Pileus about h in. across, fleshy, conical then hemispherical, flocculose and rather mealy owing to the large, stellate conidia, whitish then tinged with fawn-colour ; gills adnate, distant, narrow, rather forked, straight, dingy ; stem about |- in. long, slender, twisted, stuffed, white then brownish, rather mealy ; spores elliptical, smooth, 3 x 2 /x. Nyctalis Asterojjhora, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 463 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 344; Cke., Illustr., pi. 11326. Growing on old blackened specimens of Bussula nigricans. Gregarious or slightly caespitose. The very large stellate bodies borne by hyphae on the upper surface of the pileus iiave been shown by Brefeld to be true conidia, which, under proj)er cultivation, give origin to the fungus. II. SPELEAE. Nyctalis caliginosa. W. G. Sm. Pileus about h in. across, veiy fleshy, margin involute, slightly exceeding the gills, marked with light and dark grey colours when wet, white and floccoso-pruinose when dry; gills decurrent, thick, branched; stem, about 2 in. long, floccoso-pruinose, base naked ; spores elliptical, smooth, 4 X 2J /.. Nyctalis caliginosa, W. G. Smith, Journ. Bot. 1873, p. 337; Cke., Hdbk., p. 343 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1132a. On ground in a dark place, among fallen leaves. Odour and taste rank and disagreeable, like Polyjyorus squamosus. (W. G. S.) Caespitose; stem brown inside, white externally, much swollen at the base, where several are usually more or less grown together. A doubtful species. Probably a diseased state of some Clitocyhe. (Cooke.) HYGKOPHORUS. 331 HYGROPHOEUS. Fries, (fig. 1, p. 301.) Pileus regular or variously undulated and wavy, often viscid or moist ; gills more or less decurrent, or sometimes adnate or adnexed, waxy, often thick and forked, but the margin always thin and sharp, flesh of the pileus passing- unchanged into the trama ; stem central, continuous with the flesh of the pileus ; spores subglobose or elliptical, smooth. HygropJioriis, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 405 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 289. Terrestrial, their development in many cases being favoured by the early autumnal frosts; soon decaying; often very fragile ; many species are glutinous or viscid. Bright colours, as crimson, golden, lemon-yellow, &c., are not uncommon. The gills are usually distant, thick, and waxy, and in this respect the genus approaches Cantharellus, but always diflers in the gills being broader and the margin or edge, thin and and shar]3. The essential character of the genus consists in the hymenium at length becoming soft and separating from the trama, a character remarkably well seen in Hygroplwriis caprinus, H. coccineus, H. nitrosuSj &o. (Fries.) ANALYSIS OF THE SUBGENEBA OF HYGBOPEOBUS. Suhgen. I. Hygrocybe. Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 101. Veil absent ; whole fungus slender, watery, fragile. Pileus viscid when moist, shining when dry, rarely floccosely scaly. Stem hollow, soft, not ornamented with granular or wart-like projections. Gills soft. Most species brightly coloured. Suhgen. II. Camarophyllus. Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 98. Veil absent, stem even, glabrous or fibrillose, not rough with wart-like projecting points. Pileus firm, opaque, moist in rainy weather, but not viscid. Gills distant, arcuate. 332 FUNGUS-FLORA. SuJjgen. III. Limacium. Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 31. Universal veil viscid, partial veil floccose, often forming a trace of a ring, or attached to the margin of the pileus; stem covered with scales, or often with wart-like squamules near the apex. Gills adnato-decurrent. ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES. Suhrjen. I. HYGEOCYBE. * Gills decurrent. ** Gills adnexed, eventiiall}' separating from the stem more or less completely. * GUIs decurrent. Hygrophorus (Hygro.) Colemannianus. Blox. Pileus np to 2 in. across, flesh thick at the disc, margin thin ; somewhat campanulate, then expanded and strongly nmbonate; pale umber, slightly striate, and viscid when moist, paler, except the disc, when dry ; gills deeply de- current, connected by veins, thickish, distant, pallid brown ; stem 1-1 J in. long, nearly equal, often slightly curved, rather silky, pale, solid ; spores elliptical, 7 x 4 /x. Hygrophorus Colemannianus, Bloxam, in Berk., Outl., p. 200 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 903 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 298. Among grass. Pileus 1-2 in. broad, at first subcampanulate, at length expanded, strongly umbonate, reddish-umber, paler when dry, except in the centre; when moist striate and very obscurely viscid. Stem 1 in. or more high, 1-2 lines thick, brittle, fibrous, nearly equal, white, very slightly tinged with umber, somewhat silky; gills umber, but paler than the pileus, strongly decurrent, broad, distant ; interstices strongly veined and rugose. (B. & Br,) Hygrophorus (Hygro.) foetens. Phill. Yery foetid and nauseous. Pileus about 1 in. across, hemispherical then convex, at length expanded and some- HYGrvOPHORUS. 333 times sliglitly depressed, umber, dry, then more or less broken np and cracked ; gills decurrent, about 1 line broad, grey; stem 1-1^ in. long, 1-1^ line thick, usually slightly thinner towards the base, olive-yellow, cracked up into transverse fibrous squamules; spores subglobose, apiculate, 4—5 /x diameter. SygropJiorus foetens, Phillips, Grev., vii. p. 7-i; Cke., Hdbk., p. 299; Cke., Illustr., pi. 903b. Among grass. Gregarious or in small clusters. Distinguished by its small size, umber pileus, and very foetid smell. Hygrophorus (Hygro.) sciophanus. Fr. Pileus h-lh in across, disc fleshy, remainder membrana- ceous, hemispherical or obtusely campanulate, then expanded, always obtuse, rather viscid, disc even, faintly and remotely pellucidly striate towards the margin, deep tawny or vivid brick-red, opaque, very hygrophanous, pale when dry, becoming more or less lacerate and whitish when old ; gills adnate, narrowed behind, at first evidently ascending, then plane, distant, usually distinct, coloured like the pileus, or sometimes with a rosy tinge; stem 1^-3 in. long, thin, everywhere equal, flexuous, even, glabrous, shiny, paler than the pileus, hollow. Hygrophorus scio])lianus. Fries, Epicr., p. 329 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 299 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 937a. Among grass and moss. Very elegant, densely gregarious, fragile, deep tawny, stem paler or whitish, never straight. Spores very pale clay-coloured. There were two forms, one with a darker pileus and the flesh dark, the other paler, with the flesh also pale. The former only deposited spores ; it is probable, therefore, that the pale form was not so fully developed. (Berk.) Hygrophorus (Hygro.) lactus. Fr. Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh thin, margin almost mem- branaceous, convex then expanded, obtuse, slim}^ even or pellucidly striate towards the margin, tawny, shining, not becoming pale ; gills somewhat decurrent, distant, thin, slightly connected by veins, generally flesh-coloured, but no 4 FUNGUS-FLOrtA. varying to white, smoky, &c. ; stem 2-3 in. long, about 2 lines thick, equal, tough, even, very glabrous, slimy, tawnj'-, hollow, frequently undulated, and having the apex darker ; sj)ores elliptical, smooth, 7 X 4-5 jx. Hygrophorus lactus. Fries, Monogr., ii. ]>. 18; Cke., Hdbk., p. 299 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 938. Hygrophoriis HougJitoni, B. and Br., Ann. N^at. Hist., no. 1360; Cke., Hdbk., p. 299 ; Cke., Hlustr., pi. 936. Among grass and moss. After examining the type specimens of H. HougJitoni, I quite agree with Dr. Cooke in uniting it with the present species. Hygrophorus (Hygro.) vitellinus. Fr. Pileus ^-1 in. across, disc rather fleshy, remainder very thin ; glabrous, viscid, deep lemon-yellow, whitish when dry, margin plicato-striate ; gills deeply decurrent, rather distant, deeper yellow than the pileus ; stem about 2 in. long, scarcely line thick, even, glabrous, pale yellow, whitish when dry, very fragile, hollow, usually flexuous ; spores elliptical, 6 X 4 /x. HygropJiorus viteUiniis, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 312; Cke., Hdbk., p. 300 ; Cke., Hlustr., pi. 904a. In fields, &c. Somewhat resembling H. ceraceus, but certainly different in the bright lemon-yellow colour of every part becoming almost white when dry, plicate margin of the pileus, and the deeply decurrent gills. Hygrophorus (Hygro.) ceraceus. Wulf. Pileus about 1 in. across, fragile, flesh thin, convex then more or less plane, obtuse, slightly viscid, pellucidly stria- tulate, waxy yellow, shining; stem 1-2 in. long, about 2 lines thick, often unequal and flexuous, smooth, coloured like the pileus, hollow; gills slightly decurrent, almost triangular, broad, distinct, yellow ; spores elliptical, 8 X 6 /x. HygropJiorus ceraceus, Cke., Hdbk., j). 300 ; Cke., Hlustr., pi. 904b. Agaricus ceraceus, AVulf., in Jacq. Coll., ii. t. 15, f. 2. In pastures. Fragile, readily distinguished from every other species by the unchangeable, wax-j-ellow colour. (Fries.) HYGEOPHORUS. 335 Pileus 1 in. broad, convexo-plane, occasionally siibumbo- nate, viscid, subcarnose, margin snbstriate. Gills very broad (^ in.), ventricose, connected by veins. Stem 2-3^ in. long, 2 lines or more thick, flexuons, equal, or slightly unequal, sometimes compressed, yellow, occasionally orange at the base. (Berk.) Pileus plano-convex, nearly 1 in. in breadth, yellow, shin- ing, dry and sometimes concave in age. Lamellae rather broad, distant, yellow, decurrent; stipes rather slender, 2-3 in. long, hollow, often compressed, yellow, attenuated at the base. Plant subgregarious. (Grev.) Hygrophorus (Hygro.) coccineus. Schaeffer. Pileus 1-2^- in. across, convex then plane, often irregular, at first viscid, even, bright crimson, then becoming pale, not floccosely squamulose ; flesh thin, coloured like the pileus and also descending into the similarly coloured trama ; gills broadly adnate with a decurrent tooth, distant, connected by veins, soft and watery, base purplish, middle pale yellow, margin glaucous when adult; stem about 2 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, then compressed, almost even, not slimy, crimson above, base always pale yellow, hollow; spores elliptical, smooth, 10-12 X 6 /A. Hygropliorus coccineus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 19 ; Cke., Ilustr., pi. 920. Agaricus coccineus, Schaefier, Fung. Bav., t. 302. Among moss and grass, and in open places. Size variable. Distinguished from H. jpuniceus, by the broadly adnate gills and yellow base of stem, and from H. minicitus by its larger size the pileus being glabrous when old, and yellow base of stem, Pileus 1-2 in. broad, at first obtuse, conico-campanulate, at length inverted, sometimes strongly umbonate, splitting from the centre, yellow, orange or scarlet, viscid when moist, when dry pallid, appearing to the eye fibrillose, but not really so; margin thin, more or less wavy. Gills broad, A^entricose, wrinkled, thick, connected by veins, retaining their colour longer than the pileus, adnate, with a decurrent tooth in depressed specimens. Stem 1^- in. long, -J- in. thick, more or less hollow, subflexuous, smooth though apparently subfibrillose, tough but easily splitting. (Berk.) 336 FUNGUS-FLORA. Hygrophorus (Hygro.) miniatus. Fr. Pileus i-1 in. across, flesh thin, convex, obtuse, then um- bilicate, at first even, glabrous, crimson, then becoming pale, opaque, and squamulose ; gills adnate, not at all decurrent, distant, distinct, rather thick and firm, yellow or sometimes tinged more or less with crimson; stem lh-2 in. long, about 1 line thick, even, glabrous, shining, crimson, equal, round, imperfectly stuffed; spores elliptical, 10 x />t. Hygrophorus miniatus. Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 19 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 921a. Among grass in pastures, woods, &c. Very fragile, much smaller than the other crimson or blood-red species, H. coccineus and H. puniceus. Pileus um- bilicate, bleached, and squamulose when old. Hygrophorus (Hygro.) turundus. Fr. Pileus J-|- in. across, flesh thin, convex then expanded and depressed or umbilicate, covered with greyish-brown down, at length minutely squamulose ; margin incurved, crenulate ; gills decurrent, distant, white then yellowish ; stem about Ih in. long, slender, rigid, equal, shining, tawny, stuffed then hollow. JSygroijliorus turundus, Fries, Epicr., p. 330 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 801. On the ground. Very fragile ; allied to H. miniatus but very dissimilar. Pileus soon broken up into smoky floccose particles, but golden and viscid at first. (Fries.) Var. mollis. B. and Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., no. 1279 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 92lB. Pileus |— I in. across, nearly plane then slightly depressed, golden yellow, clad with short radiating fibrils of the same colour, stem equal, stuffed, 1-1 1 in. long, slender, and yellow with a red tinge, base white, hollow ; gills distant, arcuate, slightly decurrent ; spores elliptical, 8 x 4 /x. On naked soil. In Cooke's figure, copied from Berkeley's drawing, the pileus is more or less crimson with golden fibrils. Hygrophorus (Hygro.) mucronellus. Fr. Pileus |— ■§ in. across, almost membranaceous, conical then campanulate, acutely umbonate, margin sometimes upturned HYGROPHOPvUS. 337 witli age, glabrous, bright red, becoming pale ; gills cleciir- rent, triangular, thick, yellow; stem 1-1^ in. long, ^ line thick, equal, fibrous and rather silky, coloured like the pileus, base white, hollow. HijgropJiorus mucronellas, Fries, Epicr., p. 331 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 301 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 937b. In grass fields. Stem usually slightly curved. Known from the other small red species by the acute pileus and decurrent, trian- gular gills. Hygrophorus (Hygro.) micaceus. B. & Br. Pileus J-J in. across, flesh thin, hemispherical, then ex- panded and sometimes slightly depressed, at first yellow, then becoming grey or with a tinge of green, wrinkled, sprinkled with micaceous particles ; gills decurrent, narrow, pale umber; stem §-1 in. long, about 1 line thick, equal, yellow, then brown below, granulated, solid; spores 4 x 3/x. Hygrophorus micaceus, B. and Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., no. 1779; Cke., Hdbk., p. 301 ; Cke., Hlustr., pi. 905b. On clay soil. Mycelium white. Whole plant turns brown when dry. (Berk, and Broome.) Hygrophorus (Hygro.) Wynniae. B. & Br. (fig. 1, p. 301.) Pileus J-1 in. across, flesh equally thin ; convex, umbili- cate or rather infundibuliform, striate, hygrophanous, lemon- yellow, becoming greenish when dry ; gills decurrent, nar- row, thin, yellowish, then with a green tinge ; stem about 1 in. long, and 1 line thick, slightly expanding upwards into the pileus, smooth, coloured like the pileus, hollow ; spores elliptical, 7-8 x 6 /x. Hygrophorus Wynniae, B. and Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., no. 1787 ; Cke., niustr., pi. 905a; Cke., Hdbk., p. 301. On chips, among twigs, &c. A small but very distinct species ; lemon-yellow, changing to a greenish tint as it loses moisture, remarkable for growing on chips and twigs. VOL. II. ^ z 338 FUNGUS-FLOEA. ** Gills adnexed, then hecomhig free, Hygrophorus (Hygro.) puniceus. Fr. Pileus 2—4 in. across, flesh very thin, at first campanulate, obtuse, usually wavy and lobed, very irregular, even, gla- brous, viscid, deep crimson or blood-red, becoming pale, espe- cially at the disc when old, or in dry weather ; flesh simi- larly coloured, fragile ; gills ascending, ventricose, 2-4 lines broad, thick, distant, yellowish- white or pale yellow, often tinged with red at the base, insertion various, but from the form of the pileus, ascending, and appearing to be free ; stem about 3 in. long, J-1 in. thick, solid when young, then hol- low, very stout, not compressed, ventricose or attenuated at both ends, striate, apex generally squamulose, when dry yel- lowish or colour of the pileus, base always white, and often incurved ; sjoores elliptical, 8 x 5 /x. Hygrophorus puniceus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 21 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 302 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 922. In mossy pastures, &c. The largest species of the genus, and very showy. Com- monly confounded with H. coccineiis, but very distinct in the larger size, adnexed gills, and striate stem with a white base. (Fries.) Hygrophorus (Hygro.) obrusseus. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, rigid and fragile, flesh very thin, campanulate then expanded, wavy, somewhat lobed and often lacerated, obtuse, dry, even, glabrous, golden-sulphur colour ; gills adnexed, ventricose, but at length seceding from the stem and becoming free, very broad, up to ^ in. thick, dis- tant, whitish ; stem 2-3 in. long, -J in. thick, broader when comr)ressed, scarcely ventricose, sulphur-yellow, base becom- ing tawny, ascending, usually uneven, glabrous, hollow ; spores elliptical with an oblique apiculus, 10-12 X 7 /u. Hygrophorus obrusseus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 21 ; Cke., Il- lustr., pi. 906. Grassy places in woods. Not to be confounded with bleached forms of -H'.pi^iiceMs. When growing always golden-sulphur, not red. The gills are much more rigid and firmer than in allied species. (Fries.) HYGEOPHORUS. 339 The tawny colour at base of stem not always evident in British specimens. Hygrophorus (Hygro.) intermedius. Pass. Pileus lip to 2 in. across, flesh very thin everywhere, campanula te then expanded, obtuse, or sometimes with an indication of an umbo, almost dry, margin often wavy, golden- yellow then becoming greyish; gills adnate, ventricose, narrowed in front, 2 lines broad at the widest part, distant, whitish then yellow; stem 2-3 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, equal, fibrillosely striate, yellow, hollow ; spores elliptical, 8-9 X 6 ya. jffi/grophoriis intermedius, Passerini, Parm. ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 302 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 907. Among grass. Eemarkable for possessing the smell of meal. Eesembling E. ohrusseus in size and general appearance, but distinguished by the pileus becoming grey, and the mealy smell. Hygrophorus (Hygro.) conicus. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. high and across when expanded, fragile, flesh very thin, acutely conical, margin usually more or less lobed, at length cracking and turning up, glabrous, viscid when moist, shining when dry, yellow or sometimes more or less tinged with crimson ; gills narrow behind and almost free, ventricose, rather crowded, thin, yellowish ; stem 3-4 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, cylindrical, fibrously striate, yellow, hollow; spores elliptical, 10-11 x 6-8 fx. HygrojjJiorus conicus. Fries, Epicr., p. 331 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 302 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 908. In pastures. Every part usually turning black \vhen bruised, or as the plant becomes old. Pileus 1-2 in. high, acutely conic, variously waved and lobed, fibrillose, viscid when moist or young, juicy, turning black, as does the whole plant when broken or bruised, orange, yellow, scarlet, brown, dusky, &c., various colours ■often blended together. Gills thick, fleshy, ventricose, attenuated behind free or adnexed, yellowish with frequently a cinereous tinge. Stem 3-4 in. long, 2-5 lines thick, often splitting fibrilloso-striate, coloured like the pileus. Fries z 2 340 FUNGUS-FLOEA. has observed tlie gills to ^lonr forth a sulphur- coloured milk, like A. scrohiculatus. (Berk.) Readily distinguished from allied species by the following characters : — stem hollow, straight, cylindrical, fibrosely striate ; pileus siibmembranaceous, acutely conical, glabrous, more or less-lobed, then exi)anded and cracked, not becoming pale when dry, as in allied species, but shining in dry weather, and becoming blackish m rainy w^eather ; gills narrowed behind and almost free ; ventricose, thin, rather crowded, but varies to yellow, whitish, smoky, and in purple -crimson forms, reddish at the base. (Fries.) A polymorphous plant, especially in regard to colour. Pileus acutely conical, smooth, shining, particular when young, fleshy, margin striate, irregular, frequently lobed, 1-2 in. from the base to the apex of the cone, becoming partly ex- panded in age, the margin sometimes turning up, and even revolute, mostly some shade of deep yellow, orange, or bright red, often intermixed with each other, in some varieties brown or even black, the brightest colour then remaining longest at the margin ; lamella numerous, more or less deep yellow, ventricose, but attenuated towards the stipes, to which they are frequently slightly attached. Stipes hollow, with a great tendency to split, variously coloured, like the pileus, 2-3 in. high, diameter various. (Grev.). Hygrophorus (Hygro.) calyptraeformis. Berk. Pileus lh-2h in. high and the same across when expanded, flesh very thin, at first acutely conical, then splitting and expanded, the margin eventually much upturned, innately fibrillose, pale clear rose-colour, becoming paler with age ; gills narrowed behind and slightly adnexed 1-1 J line broad, rather distant, pale rose-colour then whitish ; stem 3-4 in. long, l-h in. thick, slightly striate, white, fragile hollow ; spores elliptical, 7x4^. Hygrophorus calyptraeformis^ Berk., Outl., p. 202 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 303 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 894. Among grass. Habit of H. conicus, but very distinct in colour and in not turning black. A very beautiful species. Fragile. Var. niveus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 303 ; Cke., Hlustr., pi. 923. HYGEOPHORUS. 341 Size and form of the typical specie?, but entirely snow- white. Among grass. Hygrophorus (Hygro.) chlorophanus. Fr. Pileus about 1 in. across, somewhat membranaceous, very fragile, at fiist convex, then plane, obtuse, orbicular, lobed, at length cracked, glabrous, viscid, striate, not becoming- discoloured, usually bright sulphur, sometimes truly crimson ; gills emarginate, adnexed, very ventricose, with a small decurrent tooth, rather distant, distinct and thin ; stem hollow, equal, round, rarely compressed, 2-3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, everywhere even, glabrous, viscid when moist, shining when dry, everywhere deep yellow ; spores elliptical with an apiculup, 8 x 5 /x. Hygrophorus cldoroplianus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 23 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 303 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 909. Grassy places, especialty in woods. Closely allied to S. conicus, but does not become black after being bruised, and the obtuse pileus separates the two. Differs from H. ceraceus in the bright sulphur-yellow colour, watery substance, and emarginate gills. (Fries.) Hygrophorus (Hygro.) psittacinus. Schaeff. Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh thin, campanulate then expanded, more or less acutely umbonate, vaguely-striate, yellow or orange, covered with an evanescent green gluten ; gills adnate, 1 line or more broad, ventricose, distant, thick, yellow with more or less green ; stem 1-2 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, equal, even, often a little curved, yellow, generally green at the apex, hollow ; spores elliptical, 10 X 5 /x. Hygrophorus psittacinus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 303 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 910. Agaricus psittacinus, Schaeffer, Icon., t. 301. In pastures, &c. Whole plant green at first, at length almost entirely yellow, except the summit of the stipes, which frequently, remain green to the last, pileus about 1 in. in breadth, conical, becoming somewhat plane or umbonate, or, at least, spreading at the margin, smooth, glutinous, striated when moist, the edge subentire, often cracking. Flesh thin, yellowish. Lamellae rather thick and somewhat distant. 342 FUNGUS-FLOKA. sliglitly attached to the stipes, broadest in the centre, bright yellow, freqiientl}' shaded with green. Stipes hollow^ splitting, very viscid, 2-3 in. high, about 2 lines thick, sometimes compressed, mostly crooked at the base, green above, yellow below. The colonr of the whole plant varies greatly in intensity. It bears the^ nearest affinity to Ag. conicus ( = Hygro])liorus conicus'), from which indeed it is diffi- cult to separate it by a written character. The strongest difference resides in the green colonr, which is fortunately very constant. It may be added, that the lamellae are crowded in Ag. conicus, and not adnate with the stipes, that the pileus, when young, forms a much higher cone, and that the margin is very irregular, being frequently even lobed. (Grev.) Hygrophorus (Hygro.) spadiceus. Fr. Pileus 2-4: in. across, flesh thin, campanulate then ex- 23anded, obtuse, very glutinous, distinctly virgate with black fibrils, olive-bay, black when dry, shining ; gills broad and rounded behind, rather thick, broad, lemon-yellow, distant ; stem about 3 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, dry, striate- virgate with brownish fibrils, fundamental colour yellowish, equal, straight, hollow ; spores elliptical, 6-7 X 4 /x. Hygrojplwnis spadiceus. Fries, Epicr., p. 332 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 304; Cke., Illustr., pL 1161. In mossy meadows, &c. Very similar to H. conicus, but the substance is firmer, never presenting a scorched, blackish appearance while growing or when bruised; pileus quite black when dry; distinctly virgate, more glutinous when moist and not striate ; gills thicker, more distant, and not narrowed behind. Hygrophorus (Hygro.) unguinosus. Fr. Pileus about 2 in. across, flesh thin, campanulate then convex, obtuse, covered with a tenacious smoky -brown, dripping gluten, even, at length cracking ; gills adnate but verj'- ventricose, distant, thick, broad, connected by veins, whitish becoming rather glaucous, soft; stem about 2 in. long, 3 lines thick, usually attenuated at base and apex, unequal, more or less compressed, glutinous, coloured like the pileus, hollow; spores 10 x 7-8 fi. HYGROPHORUS. 343 Hi/groplioriis unguinosus, Fries, Epicr., p. 332 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 304 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 924. In moist woods, &c. Very fragile ; covered with a dense smoke-coloured gluten when growing. (Fries.) Very fragile, inodorous, covered with gluten when growing, sooty, unchangeable, stem 2—3 in long, 3 lines thick, usually attenuated at base and apex, colour of the pileus. Pileus slightly fleshy, covered with a tenacious gluten that falls away in drops, even or slightly rivulose, about 2 in. across ; gills distant, thick, up to 4 lines broad, connected by veins, soft, becoming glaucous. (Fries.) Hygrophorus (Hygro.) nitratus. Pers. Fragile; smell very strong, nitrous. Pileus lj-2|- in. across, flesh thin ; campanulate then expanded and usually wavy, viscid, soon dr}^ and breaking up into minute squa- mules, dingy greyish-brown ; gills adnate, soon separating from the stem, broad, distant, white then glaucous ; stem 2-3 in. long, up to h in. thick, unequal, more or less com- pressed, polished, whitish or yellowish, imperfectly hollow; spores elliptical, 8 x 5 /a. Hygrophorus nitratus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 304 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 925. EygropJiorus miirhiacins. Pries, Epicr., p. 333. Agaricus nitratus, Persoon, Syn., p. 356. In pastures. Stature of H. coccineus, but differing altogether in colour and strong nitrous smell. Stem often yellowish. A very distinct species, distinguished by the dingy colour, and strong nitrous smell. Size and habitat very variable. (A). Major, stem hollow, equal, but often twisted, at length more or less compressed, fragile, 2-3 in. long, 3-5 lines thick, externally polished, glabrous, white, composed of thick, crisp fibres. Pileus scarcely fleshy, very fragile, convex, obtuse, or having the centre depressed, slightly viscid at first, soon flocculose then squamulose, and cracked, deformed, rather wavy, becoming pale, 2 in. broad. Gills broadly emarginate, very broad, up to f in., obliquely ovate, distant, thick, soft, connected by veins, whitish then glaucous. (B). A smaller form in sunny places among grass, 344 FUNGUS-FLORA. stem 1 in. and more long, 1-3 lines thick, unequal, usually compressed and wavy, sometimes becoming yellowish. Pileus when young viscid when moist, smooth, brown, but soon dry and cracked into squamules, grey, i-1 in. across. Gills at first adnate, with a decurrent tooth, white, then ventricose and glaucous, but broad and thick. (Fries.) Var. glauco-nitens, Fries, Epicr., p. 54; Cke., Hdbk., p. 304. Eigid ; pileus fibrillosely virgate ; blackish-olive or sooty, becoming pale ; stem equal, shining, gills l)ecoming glaucous ; spores elliptical, 8 x 6 />t. Among grass. Siihgen. 11. CAMAKOPHYLLUS. Gills deeply and at length obconically decurrent. Gills plano-adnate or sinuately arcuate, ventricose. * ** Hygrophorus (Camar.) caprinus. Scop. Pileus 3-4 in. across, flesh thick at the disc, thinning out towards the margin ; conical then expanded and umbonate, becoming depressed and rather wavy, moist, virgate, sooty- brown or blackish ; gills deeply decurrent, very broad and very distant, thick, pure white then glaucous; stem 2-3 in. long, J-| in. thick, more or less equal, fibrillose, sooty ; solid, expanding at the apex into the flesh of the pileus ; spores broadly elliptical, smooth, 10 x 7-8 {x. Hygro^Jiorus cajyrinus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 294; Cke., Illustr., pi. 916. Agaricus cajmnus, Scopoli, Cam., ii. p. 438, In pine woods, &c. The largest species of the genus, and very distinct, scarcely comparable with any other species. Pileus some- times blackish or bluish, at first Avith a nut-shaped umbo. Gills somewhat branched, soft when adult, waxy, the hyme- nium separating from the trama. (Fries.) Hygrophorus (Camar.) leporinus. Fr. Pileus about 2 in. across, equally and very fleshy, convex, gibbous, equal, broken up into floccose fibrils, reddish- HYGROPHORUS. 345 yellow, opaque; gills decurrent, rather narrow, yellowiBli- red ; stem about 2 in. long, § in. thick, or sometimes more, attenuated at the base or more or less fusiform, solid, fibril- lose, pallid, sometimes tawny at the base ; spores subglobose, 5-6 /x diameter. Hygropliorus leporinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 320 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 294; Cke., Illustr., pi. 930. On open downs, &c., also in woods. Closely resembling H. jpratensis. Stem rigid, usually at- tenuated below, rarely at the apex. Pileus 1-2 in. broad, cuticle broken up into floccose tufts, colour yellowish-rufous or brownish. (Fries.) Hygrophorus (Camar.) nemoreus. Fr. Pileus 1|-2J in. across, flesh thick, attenuated to a very thin margin ; convex, then exj)anded and gibbous or de- pressed, almost glabrous, tawny-orange; gills decurrent, thick, distant, about Ij- line broad, as deeply coloured as the pileus, stem about 2 in. long, J in. or more thick at the apex, slightly attenuated towards the base, or sometimes subequal or slightly ventricose, stuffed, firm, whitish, fibrosely striate and minutely scaly ; spores elliptical, 6 X 5 /x. Hygroplwrus nemoreus. Fries, Epicr., p. 326 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 294; Cke., Illustr., pi. 931. In pastures. Allied to H. p'citensis and chiefly distinguished by the squamulose, pale stem. Hygrophorus (Camar.) pratensis. Fr. Every part yellowish-tawny or buff. Pileus 1-3 in. across, very fleshy at the disc, but thin towards the margin, convex, then expanded, almost turbinate with the stem thickened upwards ; even, glabrous, moist in rainy weather, but not viscid, often cracked when dry ; flesh firm, white, apparently formed from the upward dilatation of the stem. Gills re- markably decurrent, at first arcuate, very distant, firm, fragile, connected by veins at the base, very broad at the middle; stem 1^-2 in. long, stuffed, spongy within, polished and even externally, firm, h in. and more thick at the apex, attenuated downwards, even, glabrous, naked ; veil absent; spores elliptical, 6 x 4 /x. 346 rUXGUS-FLORA. Hygrophorus pratensis. Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 12 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 294; Cke., Illustr., pi. 917. Among grass in pastures, also in woods. A^ery Yariable. Specimens are sometimes entirely white, others grey ; stem often white ; when the pileus is especially thin, the margin becomes striate. (Fries.) Pileus variable, often monstrous, firm, 1-2 in. broad, com- pact, margin thin, very dry, smooth, deep buff, convex, more or less umbonate, rarely becoming quite plane, but frequently remaining obtusely conical. Lamellae very distant, thick, arched, decurrent, reddish-buff. Stipes 1-2 in. high, ^J in. thick, firm, generally somewhat crooked, attenuated towards the base, same colour as the pileus, but rather paler, solid spongy in the centre. (Grev.) Var pallidus, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., no. 1356; Cke., Illustr., pi. 932a. Pileus depressed or infundibuliforum, margin waved, often bent down; stem dilated, fibrillosely striate; gills distant, decurrent ; branched, pallid ; wholly ochraceous- white. Among grass in pastures. Var. cinereus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 413 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 392b. Pileus grey; thinner than the typical form, margin at length striate ; stem often whitish. In grassy places. Hygrophorus (Camar.) virgineus. Wulf. Entirely white. Pileus 1^-3 in. across, fleshy in the centre, thin towards the margin ; convex, soon plane, obtuse then usually depressed, moist, minutely cracked into areolae, downy when dry ; gills decurrent, about 1^ line broad, rather thick, distant; stem lJ-2 in. long, 3-5 lines thick at the apex, which gradually expands into the pileus, narrowed downwards, firm, smooth, solid; spores elliptical, 8-10 X 5 /x. Hygroplwms virgineus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 295 ; Cke., Illustr., pL 892. Agaricus virgineus, Wulf., in Jacqu. Miscell., ii. t. 15. f. 1. Among grass. Distinguished from H. niveus by its larger size and fleshy pileus. Commonly confounded with Hygr, niveiis on account of the HYGKOrHOEUS. 347' white colour of everj^ part, but to me it is more difficult to distinguish from H. p-atensis, with which it agrees in the firm, short, stufifed stem attenuated downwards, smooth and naked externally ; pileus fleshy, convex then plane, at length somewhat depressed, moist in damp weather; flesh some- times equal, sometimes abruptly thin, striate ; gills de- current, distant, rather thick. Distinguished from H. iwa~ tensis more especially by its small stature, constantly white colour, sometimes becoming pallid, pileus obtuse, scarcely turbinate ; at length cracked in an areolate manner, and floccose when dry, thin gills, &c. Certain individuals often difficult to distinguish from allied species. (Fries.) Var. roseipes, Mass., in Cke.,Hdbk,, p. 295 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 893. Size of the typical form, diifering in the stem soon becoming hollow and rosy towards the base; spores pip- shaped, 12 X 5-6 jx. In fir woods, &c. Hygrophorus (Camar.) niveus. Fr. Entirely white ; pileus ^1 in. across, almost membrana- ceous, without a fleshy disc, hence truly umbilicate, cam- panulate then convex, glabrous, striate and viscid when moist, not cracked when dry ; flesh thin, everywhere equal, white, hygrophanous. Gills decurrent, distant, thin, scarcely connected by veins, arcuate, quite entire ; stem hollow, equal, 2 in. or more long, 1-2 lines thick, straight, even, glabrous ; spores elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5 fx. Sygrophorus niveus. Fries, Epicr., p. 327 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 295 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 900a. Among grass, moss, &c. More slender, tougher, hygrophanous, and appearing later in the season than H. virgineus. White, hygrophanous, shining white when dry. Smell none, and in this respect differing from H. russo-coriaceus. Hygrophorus (Camar.) russo-coriaceus. B & Br. White ; fragrant. Pileus ^-f in. across, persistently con- vex, disc very fleshy, becoming very thin towards the margin, smooth, rather viscid; gills decurrent, 1| line broad, thick, very distant; with shorter ones between, arched, white; stem up to 1 in. long, li-2 lines thick at the apex, which 348 FUXGUS-FLORA. widens into the flesh of the pileus, slightly narrowed towards the base, smooth, white, solid; spores elliptical, 8 x 5 /x. Hi/gropJiorus russo-coriaceiis, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., no. 332 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 296 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 900b. In pastures, &c. About the size of H. niveus, but very distinct in the thick flesh at the disc of the persistently convex pileus, which is not at all umbilicate, the thick, distant gills, and the strong scent. The stem is stout and expanding upwards into the pileus, both in Berkeley's type specimens and in his sketches, nevertheless a thin-stemmed form, as described by B. & Br. in the following note, may have occurred. Pileus about ^ in. in diameter, convex, fleshy, slightly viscid, ivory-white. Stem f-1 in. high, not a line thick, incrassated upwards, smooth, solid, pure Avhite. Gills thick, broad, arched, decurrent, very few and distant, with a few shorter ones intermixed. The whole plant exhales a strong musky smell, like that of Eussian leather, or Potentilla atrosanguinea, which it sometimes retains for years. It is at once known by its delightful odour. (B. & Br.) Hygrophorus (Camar.) ventricosus. B. & Br. Pileus 2-3 in. across, very fleshy at the disc, margin thin ; persistently convex, sometimes irregular, white ; gills deeply decurrent, narrow, white ; stem 2-3 in. high, ^| in. at the thickest j)art, ventricose, solid, smooth, white ; spores ellip- tical, 7 X 4 /x. Hygrophorus ventricosus, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist. no. 1777 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 296; Cke., Illustr., pi. 901. Among grass. Stem often becoming imperfectly hollow ; gills sometimes forked. Known among the entirely white species by the very fleshy pileus, and stout ventricose stem. ** Gills adnate or sinuate. Hygrophorus (Camar.) fornicatus. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, campanulate then ex- panded, obsoletely umbonate, somewhat wavy, viscid, even, glabrous, white, or livid; gills sometimes almost free, at HYGEOrHORUS. 349 others slightly adnexed with a decurrent tooth, thick, ventricose, distant, distinct, projecting be3^ond the margin of the pilens, white ; stem solid, or hollow at the apex, compact, firm, tongh, equal, 2-3 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, rather wavy, glabrous, shining white ; spores elliptical, 0-6 X 3 /x. Sygroj)horus fornicatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 327 ; Cke., Hdbk,, p. 296; Cke., lUiistr., pi. 993. Among grass and moss. Agreeing with H. pratensis in the structure of the pileus and stem, but very different in the insertion of the gills, and in being entirely white. Fries says that the base of the stem is sometimes furnished with fuscous squamules. Hygrophorus (Camar.) distans. Berk. Pileus l-lf in. across, flesh rather thin ; plane or depressed, sometimes with an indication of an umbo, viscid, white with a silky gloss, here and there stained with brown ; gills adnate with a very slight tendency to become decurrent, broad behind, very distant, pure white ; stem 1-1|- in. long, 2-3 lines thick, slightly attenuated and grey below, white above, stuffed; spores broadly elliptical, 10 x S fx. Hygrophorus distans. Berk., Outl., p. 200, t. 13, f. 1 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 296 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 902. In woods. A neat species with a regular pileus. Distinguished among species with a white pileus by the very distant, adnate gills. In Cooke's figures the stem is entirely white. Hygrophorus (Camar.) Clarkii. B. & Br. Pileus 1^—2 in. across, fragile, flesh thin, convex then more or less plane, somewhat umbonate, smooth, margin even, viscid, livid grey ; gills broadly adnate with a decurrent tooth, up to 5 lines broad, thick, distant, white ; stem 2-3 in. long, about 2 lines thick, equal, smooth, grey, base white, often slightly bent, hollow; spores subglobose, smooth, 12 X 10 />t. Hygrophorus Clarlm, B. & Br.. Ann. Nat. Hist., no. 1358 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 297 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 934a. In woods, &c. A very fine species, characterised by the livid grey stem and pileus, the very broad, distant, adnate gills, and the 350 FUXGUS-FLOEA. large siibglobose spores. H. cUstans differs in tlie wliite Timbilifcate pileus. Hygropliorus (Camar.; metapodius. Fr. Pileus 14-3 in. across, flesh ^ in. thick at the disc, pale grey, convex then plane, olDtuse, at first even and somewhat shining, then silky and squamiilose, irregular, greyish- brown ; gills variable in mode of attachment, adnate, broadly emarginate or arcuato-decurrent, distant, thick, veined, about 3 lines broad, grevish-white ; stem stuffed, 1-2 in. long, ■J in. and more thick, attenuated towards the base, unequal, ascending, glabrous, grey, reddish inside ; spores elliptical, 8 X o./x. Hygropliorus metapodius, Fries, Epicr., p. 328 ; Cke., lUustr., pi. 218. In mossy pastures, &c. Very distinct from H. ovinus, the only species to which it is allied, in the thick flesh, fragility, and often deformed when growing in clusters. From the thick flesh becoming reddish and afterwards blackish when broken, and the juicy gills, the present species is very analogous with liussula adusta. Smell resembling new meal, taste sweet. (Fries.) Hygrophorus (Camar.) ovinus. Bull. Pileus I5— 2|- in. across, flesh thin, campanulate then expanded, rather umbonate, at first rather viscid and even, then dry and squamulose, brown, at length revolute, wavy, cracked, blackish in large forms ; gills arcuato-adnate, with a decurrent tooth, distant, thick, usually 3 lines broad, connected by veins, and sometimes divided, grey then tinged rufous, margin thin, quite entire ; stem about 2 in. long, 3 lines thick, almost equal, or slightly thickened at each end, curved or twisted, compressed, glabrous, rather polished, pallid, or in large specimens blackish-brown ; sp)ores broadly elliptical, 5 x 3-4 /x. Hygropliorus ovinus. Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 15; Cke., Illustr., pi. 934b. Agaricus ovinus, Bull., Champ., t. 580. In mossy pastures, also in woods. Closely allied to H. metapodius, smell almost the same; v^ery fragile, but differing in the rigid, fragile, very thin HYGROPHORUS. 351 pileus, at first almost conical ; stem not attenuated down- wards, at length hollow, and thinner gills. (Fries.) Pileus about 1 in. broad, brownish or subochraceous, sub- carnose, at first conic, obtuse, afterwards expanded with a strong umbo, much waved and split at the margin, which is at first involute and minutely tomentose ; the surface rimose. Gills distant, broad in front, ventricose, acutely arcuato- adnate, thick, connected and traversed by veins, white with a slight reddish-cinereous tinge. Stem 1-1 J in. high, 2-4 lines thick, nearly equal, stuffed, at length hollow ; pruinose above, with sometimes a few superficial squamulae towards the base. (Berk.) Hygrophorus (Camar.) subradiatus. Fr. Pileus l|-2 in. across, disc rather fleshy, remainder almost membranaceous, somewhat umbonate, brownish, especially at the disc, radiately striate ; gills broadly adnate with a decurrent tooth, ventricose, thin, distant, white ; stem l^-2h in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal, glabrous, pallid, base white, hollow ; spores broadly elliptical, smooth, 8 x 5 /x. Sygrophorus subradiatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 328 ; Cke., Hdbk., IX 297 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 935a. On ground, among heather, &c. Stem often twisted. Pileus variable in colour, whitish, livid, or livid with a reddish tinge. (Fries.) Var. lacmus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 16; Cke., Illustr., pi. 935b. ? Pileus about 1 in. across, fragile, disc fleshy, the rest membranaceous, plane then depressed, sometimes at the same time umbonate, margin irregular, radiato-striate when moist, even and shining when dry, usually glabrous but sometimes fibrillose or squamulose at the disc, lilac then pallid ; gills very slightly decurrent ; 1 line broad,^thin, rather distant, connected by veins, grey; stem 2-2 J in. long, often twisted, glabrous, somewhat shining, stuffed then hollow, base and apex narrowed ; spores 8 x o-Q fx. Among moss, &c. Cooke's figure does not at all agree with Fries' description in his Monogr. as given above. Hygrophorus (Camar.) irrigatus. Fr. Pileus 1-2! in. across, flesh very thin, campanulate then 352 FUNGUS-FLORA. expanded, indistinctly iimbonate, often becoming depressed round the umbo, and the margin upturned and more or less striate when old, livid with a tinge of brown at the disc, moist in rainy weather but not viscid ; gills adnate with a slight decurrent tooth, ventricose, 3-4 lines broad, thickish, rather distant, whitish ; stem 2-3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, hollow, rather tough, glabrous, grey, very viscid, often com- pressed ; spores elliptical, 6-7 X -i /x. Hygrophorus {rrlqatus, Fries, Epicr., i. p. 39 ; Cke., Hdbk^ p. 298; Cke., lUustr., pL 919. Amongst grass. Hygrophorus unguinosiis resembles the present species, but is distinguished by the viscid pileus. H. Clarhii is readily distinguished by the globose spores. Hygrophorus (Camar.) clivalis. Fr. Pileus about 1^ in. across, disc rather fleshy, remainder very thin, fragile, at first camjoanulate, obtuse, margin in- curved, flexuous, glabrous, even, opaque, then expanded and gibbous, irregular, often cracked, polished, shining, striate owing to the thinness of the margin ; gills at first adnexed, crowded, very ventricose when the pileus is expanded, dis- tant, rather thick, fragile; attenuated behind, or free, or arcuate and with a decurrent tooth ; stem solid, flesh fibrous, not more than 1 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, attenuated at the base, round or compressed and curved, even, glabrous, fragile, mostly white. Sygrophoriis clivalis, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 134; Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 414. Amongst grass in damp places. Pileus somewhat gibbous, not viscid ; distinguished from H. disians in the gills being narrowed behind and nearly free. Suhgen. III. LIMACIUM. * White, or becoming yellowish. ** Eeddish. *** Tawny, or yellow. **** Olivaceous umber. ***** Dingy grey, or livid. HYGROPHORUS. 353 * WJiite, or hecomhifj ydlowisli. Hygrophorus (Lima.) chrysodon. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, convex then plane, obtuse, viscid, white, shining when dry, but tlie disc usually becoming; yellowish, and with minute, adpressed squamules, maro-in with yellow fibrils; flesh white, sometimes tinged red; gills decurrent, distant, 3 lines broad, thin, white, margin yel- lowish, sometimes crisped ; stem stuifed, soft, almost equal, 2-3 in. long, about .V in. thick, white, with minute yellow squamules, crowded towards the apex in the form of a ring ; spores elliptical, 8 x -^t /^. HTjgrophorus chrysodon, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 3; Cke., Illustr., pi. 885. On the ground in woods, &c. Keadily known by the w^hite colour of every part, and by having the margin of the gills, margin of pileus, and upper portion of stem more or less tinged yellow. It not only grew under the lime underwood, but amongst grass in the open glades. It resembles very closely in many respects, Hygr. ehurneus, but is beautifully distinguished by the golden yellow pubescence which is sprinkled here and there over the plant, but principally on the stem, and margin of the pileus. Sometimes the gills are elegantly edged with yellow flocci. The smell is strong, like that of Hygr. cossus. (Berk. ) Hygrophorus (Lima.) eburneus. Bull. Everywhere Avhite. Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh rather thick at the disc, thin towards the margin ; convex then almost plane, even, viscid, margin at first incurved and downy, soon naked ; gills decurrent, distant, firm, straight, about 1|- line broad ; stem 1^-3 in. lonoj, attenuated towards the base, viscid, rough at the apex with wart- like squam- ules, stufl'ed then hollow; spores broadly pip-shaped, 5 x 4 /x. Ilyqroijliorus eburneus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 289 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 88G. Agaricus eburneus, Bulliard, Champ. Fr., t. 551, f. 2. In woods. VOL. II. 2 a 354 FUNGUS-FLOEA. Eesemblino; H. cossm in general appearance, but tlie colour is a mncli purer white, and the smell weak, but pleasant. Pileus white, smooth, slimy when young and in wet weather, shining when dry, 1-2 in. broad, more or less um- bonate, the margin turning up in age. Lamellae distant, white, thick, very decurrent, broad. Stipes 1-3 in. high, slightly crooked, firm, scurfy or nearh^ smooth, often attenu- ated at the base, solid, becoming hollow in age. (Grev.) Altogether shining white; pileus and stem very glutinous in rainy weather ; stem rough with points at the apex ; pileus involute when young at the margin, which is downy, but soon naked. Size very variable, pileus convex then plane, somewhat wavy, even, glabrous, thin or rather thick in the ■flesh. Stem sometimes short, sometimes elongated, but soft within and at length hollow, thinner towards the base, apex soabrid. Gills decurrent, distant, veined at the base, 3-4 lines broad, straight, quite entire. Smell sweet, not unplea- sant. (Fries.) Hygrophorus TLiina.) cossus. Sow. Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh rather thick, convex then plane, obtuse, glabrous, glutinous, shining when dry, white with a yellow tinge, disc somewhat ochraceous ; flesh white ; gills adnato-decurrent, distant, connected by veins, firm, white ; stem 2-3 in. long, sometimes more, 2-5 lines thick, about equal, white, scurfy or rough with points above, white, often with a yellow tinge : spores elliptical, 7-8 X 4-5 /x. Smell very strong, resembling that of the goat-moth. Agaricus cossus, Sow., t. 121. Hygrophorus cossus, Fries, Epicr., p. 321 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 289 : Cke., Illustr., pi. 887. Amon"; irrass in woods, &c. Allied to H. ehurneus, differs in the j'ellowish pileus having the margin naked from the first, and especially in the unplea- sant smell, resembling that of tlie goat-moth. (Fries.) Pileus 1^- in. broad, pure white, slimy (slime consisting of round and oval bodies under a high magnifier), shining when dry, stained here and there with yellowish ; the disc some- limes subochraceous. Gills broad, thick, distant, adnato-de- current, connected by veins and themselves slightly veined. Spores white, elliptic. Stem 2-|- in. high, 1-3 lines thick, HYGROrilOIiUS. o5D nearlj'- equal, here and there yellow wlien bruised. Smell like that of the larva of the goat-moth, or a damp meadow, and remaininoj for a Ions; time on the finders after touching: it. (Berk.) Hygrophorus (Lima.) pulverulentus. B. & Br. Pileus about h in. across, fleshy, convex, sometimes becom- ing slightly depressed, viscid, white, margin slightly in- curved, downy ; gills decurrent, thick, margin rather thick, whitish ; stem about B in. long, nearly 1 line thick, slightly curved, equal or attenuated at the base, white but powdered with rosy meal ; spores globose, 7 fx diameter. Hygrophorus pulverulentus, B. and Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., no. 1660 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 290 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 895a. Among pine leaves, &c. Distinguished by its small size and rose-powdered stem. Hygrophorus (Lima.) penarius. Sow. Pileus 2—3 in. across, fleshy, especially when young, at first Timbonate, then very obtuse, hemispherical then expanded, even, glabrous, usually dry, opaque, tan-colour ; margin in- volute at first, extending beyond the gills, then expanded and wavy ; flesh thick, hard, whitish, unchangeable ; gills very slightly decurrent, distant, thick, o-4 lines broad, veined, pallid-tan; stem lJ-2 in. long, apex up to Ij in. thicic, ventricose or attenuated downwards and terminatinii; in a long, fusiform root, solid, compact, hard, pallid- white, covered with sticky gluten which soon becomes dry and roughened ; veil not evident ; spores elliptical, 7-8 X 3-4 /x. Agaricus penarius, Sow., t. 71. Hygrophorus penarius, Cke., Hdbk., p. 290 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 895b. In mixed woods. Stem hard, at first hard and thickened from the apex, then attenuated at both ends, dry, but rough from the dried gluten. Smell agreeable. **' Beddish. Hygrophorus (Lima.) erubescens. Fr. Pileus 2-5 in. across, fleshy, gibbous then convexo- plane, viscid, adpressedly squamuloso-punctate, then almost 2 A 2 356 FUNGUS-FLOKA. £;labroiis, flesh sometimes everywhere thick, at others thin towards the margin, which is naked from the first, funda- mental colour everywhere white, also the flesh, but becoming reddish all over, the pileus often blood or rose-red; gills decurrent, distant, soft, white, variegated with red spots; stem solid, sometimes short, about 2 in. long, robust, 1 in. thick and attenuated upwards ; at other times elongated, 4 in. long, equal or attenuated at the base, flexuous, with red fibrils and red points at the apex ; veil absent. Sygroj^Jiorus eruhescens. Fries, Mon., ii. p. 5 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 290 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 888. Under pines, &c., gregarious, often forming large, lax circles. Hygrophorus (Lima.) pudorinus. Fr. Pileus 2-4 in. across, fleshy, convex then expanded, obtuse, even, glabrous, viscid, vermilion flesh-colour (the colour pure and not squalid, as in H. eruhescens), the funda- mental colour appears to be yellow ; margin naked, involute ; flesh white; gills adnate, then decurrent, distant, distinct, rather thick, white, not spotted; stem solid, 2-3 in. long, \ in. thick, glabrous, whitish, constricted at the apex, rough with white points ; spores elliptical, 8 x 4 /x. Hijgroplioriis pudoriinis, Fries, Epicr., p. 322 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 290 ; Cke., Illustr., pL 911. In fir woods. Colour approaching that of H. eruhescens, but allied tO" H. ehurneus. Veil absent. Pileus not pelliculose, sometimes spotted with yellow, as is also the white flesh. (Fries.) Hygrophorus (Lima.) glutinifer. Fr. Pileus 2-4 in. across, fleshy at the disc, margin thin, convex then expanded, broadly gibbous, sometimes depressed, disc with minute wrinkles or points, rufescent, whitish towards the margin, with a thick pellicle of gluten ; gills slightly decurrent, arcuate, abont 2 lines broad, rather thick.^ white; stem 3-4 in. long, § in. thick at the widest part, slightly ventricose below the middle, rather elastic, coloured like the pileus or paler upwards, and with white squamules, viscid i'rom the veil, stuffed. Ilygrojjhorous glutinifer, Fries, Epicr., p. 322; Cke., Illustr., pL 889; Cke., II dbk., p. 290. HYGPtOrHortUS. 357 In woods. A very fine large species; known among the reddish, viscid species by the ventricose stem and rugoscly punctate disc of the pilens. ***- Tawny or yellow. Hygrophorus (Lima.) arbustivus. Fr. Pilens 1-2 in. across, flesh rather thick, convex then almost plane, obtuse or more or less umbonate, vi.scid, streaked with fine raised lines, palo tawny ; gills adnato with a slight suggestion of becoming decurrent, rather distant, thick, 1| line broad, firm, white; stem l|-3 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, equal, naked, elastic, pallid, the apex Avith free, white, powdery granules, solid ; spores elliptical, 10 X 6 /x. Hijgrojplioriis arbustivus. Fries, Epicr., p. 323 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 29i ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 8'JGx. In w^oods under birch, &c. Differs from all allies in the free (not innate) white granules at the apex of the stem. Stem solid, l^V in. long, 4f in. thick, equal, incurved, glabrous, white becoming pallid, polished and more rigid outside, as in Hygrophorus pratensis, rather spongy inside, hence elastic. Pileus fleshy, convexo- ))lane, obtuse, 2 in. broad, rather wavy, viscid, virgate with innate fibrils but entirely glabrous, even, o[)aque tawnj^- brick-red, becoming paler towards the margin. Gills adnate, scarcely decurrent, distant, distinct, thick, white. Smell and taste not unpleasant. (Fries.) Hygrophorus (Lima.) aureus. Arrh, Pileus about 1 in. across, very fleshy at the disc, margin very thin ; convex, then almost ])lane, obtuse, even, glutinous, clear shining golden-yellow ; gills slightly decurrent, distant, thin, whitish; stem about 2 in. long and 3 lines thick, nearly or quite equal, glabrous, whitish upwards, reddisli- tawny and with an imperfect ring from the glutinous veil, stuffed; spores elliptical, 8x4^. Hygrophorous aureus, iVrrhen., in Fries, Monogr., il. p. 127; Cke., Hdbk., p. 291 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 896b. In woods. 358 ru:>Grs-rLOEA. Distinguished from all other golden-yellow species by the glutinous pileus and stem. In Cooke's figure the gills are rather deeply decurrent and deep yellow. Hygrophorus (Lima.) discoideus. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin except at the disc, at first campanulato-convex, then plane and somewhat obtuse, at length with the disc depressed, even, glabrous, very glutinous, yellowish-red then becoming paler, disc always, darker and somewhat ferruginous ; gills at first adnate and somewhat crowded, then decurrent and distant, thin, soft^ 3' ello wish-white; stem stuffed, 13.-2 in. long, 3-5 lines thick,, equal or attenuated upwards, very soft, texture fibrous, flocculose, viscid, pallid white, apex spotted with white; spores subglobose, o-Q> X -l-o or G-8 X 4 /x. IIygroj)lioriis discoideus, Fries, Epicr., p. 323; Cke., Hdbk... p. 291 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 912. Among grass in pine woods, &c. Gregarious. Fries says that in the late autumn he has- met with a form having a clay-coloured pileus with a ferruginous disc, and an elongated stem becoming hollow. Sometimes solitary. Hygrophorus (Lima.) aromaticus. Sow. Pileus 2-3 in. across, convex then expanded and almost plane, very fragile, cinnamon-colour, smooth, glutinous ; the gluten in drying sometimes contracts and forms raised, anastomosing ribs ; disc flesh}', margin thin ; gills slightly decurrent, about 1^ line broad, white with a pink tinge ; stem 1^-2 in. long, 2-4 lines thick, almost equal, coloured like the pileus, stuifed then hollow. Smell spicy, taste acrid. Hyqrophoriis aromaticus. Berk., Outl., p. 198; Cke., Hdbk., p. 29i. Agaricus aromaticus, Sowerby, t. 144. Among grass. There is a certain amount of uncertainty about the fungus described above, and called Agaricus aromaticus by Sowerby. It is considered by Berkeley to be a species of Hygrophorus, hence its appearance here ; the characters, judging from Sowerby's figure and description, given below. HYGrtOriioRus. 339 appear to be well marked, and if found again, its true position can be settled. The agreeable spicy odour suggested its name ; it appears to be A. gliiiinosus of Bulliard, though his gills ai'e colourless ; a name applicable to many of the fungi (^and would do for this were it not previou>ly engaged), as it is sometimes altogether a gluten, or jelly. The pileus has generally a thick glutinous skin of a cinnamon colour: the gills are somewhat pinky; they appear to be decurrent in the young state, but when advanced they separate, so as to appear naturally loose and separate from the stipes, which is j«ome- wliat hollow and I3ithy. The whole plant when fresh is often so tender, I have not been able to gather it whole ; in bruising- it becomes blackish. As the plant dries, the skin corrugates, and often becomes very prettily reticulated (may not this be A. reticulatus of Dr. AVithering, ed. iii., p. 289?) The taste is watery, with a peppermint-like coolness in the mouth, and a lasting roughness in the throat. (Sowerby.j *■*■** Olivaceous umhcr. Hygrophorus (Lima.) linaacinus. Fr. Pileus 1^-21 in. across, flesh rather thick, firm, white, convex then expanded, obtuse, glabrous, viscid, disc umber then smoke-colour, paler towards the margin : gills adnate, then decurrent, rather distant, thin, greyish-white; stem solid, firm, 2-3 in. long, -h in. thick, ventricose, flocculose, fibrillosely striate, apex rough with squamules ; spores elliptical, 12 x S jx. Hi/qrojyhorus limacinus. Fries, Epicr., p. 324; Ckc., Hdbk., p. 292; Cke., Illustr., pi. 897. In woods. Intermediate between H. agcdliosmus and B". olivcfceo-cdbus ; difiering from the former in the presence of an evident veil, and from the latter in the squaniulose apex of the stem. Hygrophorus (Lima.) olivaceo-aibus. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, fleshy at the disc, very thin else- where, obtusely cylindrical then expanded, umbonate, even, covered with olive gluten that disappears, leaving the pileus 360 FUNGUS-FLOE A. paler, unibo brownish; gills slightly deciirrent, about 1^ line broad, rather distant, shining Avhite ; stem 2-3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal, often slightly curved, viscid, v^^hitish but spotted and stained with brown from the veil, apex smooth, solid ; sj^ores elliptical, 7-8 x *i /^. Hygro^Jiorub olivaceo-alhus. Fries, Epicr., p. 32-± ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 292 ; Cke., Illustr., ^\. 890. AVoods and w^oodland pastures. Stem solid, about 3 in. long, 3 lines thick, equal or attenuated at the base, fundamental colour- W'hite, but spotted with squamules from the adnate sheathing brown veil, viscid ; the veil terminates in a ring near the apex, above which the stem is stnooth and shining wdiite. Pileus fleshy, at first cylindrico-globose, then expanded, umbonate, becoming depressed round the umbo, altogether even, glabrous, glutinous, 1-2 in. broad, olive-brown, becoming- pale, especially towards the margin, which is naked from the first, and somewhat striate when old. Flesh thin, w^hite, gills decurrent, distant, broad, simple, connected by veins at the base, always shining white. (Fries.) Hygrophorus (Lima.) hypothejus. Fr. Pileus 1-21^ in. across, convex then dej^ressed, sometimes almost infundibuliform, even, slightly virgate, greyish- olive, at first coveied with olive mucus, paler and yellowish- olive or brownish after the gluten has disappeared ; flesh thin, tinged yellowish; gills decurrent, about li line broad, distant, distinct, whitish then with a yellow- or yellow-pink tinge ; stem 2— i in. long, 3-5 lines thick, almost or quite equal, viscid, paler than the pileus, stufied then hollow, veil evident at first in the form of an imperfect ring, but soon disappearing; spores broadly elliptical, 8-10 X 4-5 /x. Hygroplwrus liypothejus, Fries, Epicr., j). 324; Cke., Hdbk,, p. 292 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 891. In pine woods, among heather, &c. Distinguished by the glutinous pileus and stem and the yellowish-olive colour. Usually appears late in the season. H. olivaceo-cdhus differs in the persistent shining-white gills. IIYGKOPHOEUS. 361 Hygrophorus (Lima.) cerasinus. Ecrk. Smell strong-, resembling the cherry-laurel. Pileus about 1^7 in. across, flesh very thick at the disc, tapering gradually to the margin ; convex, broadly and obtusely umbonate, even, viscid, pale umber tlien greyish, margin downy ; gills slightly decurrent, about 1 line broad, very distant, sometimes forked, white with a pink tinge ; stem 2-3 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, usually very slightly ventricose below the middle, ba.se nar- rowed rather abruptly, white, witli minute wart-like squam- ules near the apex, solid ; spores elliptical, 8 x 4 /x. Rygropliorus cerasinus. Berk., Outl., p. 197 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 202; Cke., lUustr., pi. 897. In fir plantations, &c. Distinguished by the peculiar smell and the attenuated base of the stem. *^-*** Dingy grey or livid. Hygrophorus (Lima.) fusco-albus. Lasch. Pileus about 2 in. across, fleshy at the disc, margin thin ; convex then j^lane, even, glabrous, viscid, brownish then grey, margin paler ; gills slightly decurrent, 2 lines broad, rather thick, snow-white; stem 2-3 in. long, 4-6 lines thick, equal, dry, whitish, with white flocculent tufts at the apex, solid; spores elliptical, apiculate, 12-14 X 7-8 /x. Hygroi^Jiorus fasco-alhus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 293; Cke., Illusti"., pi. 899. Agaricus Jusco-alhus, Lasch., no. 502. In woods. Hygrophorus (Jjima.) agathosmus. Fr. Pileus li-3 in. across, flesh}", convex then plane, gibbous, viscid, livid-grey everywhere, covered with minute, crowded, viscid, pellucid, whitish points, margin at first incurved and downy, soon spreading, naked, and wavy ; flesh soft, watery, whitish ; gills decurrent, distant, soft, 3-4 lines broad, quite entire, somewhat veined at the base, white ; stem solid, firm, at length very soft and often hollow, 2-3 in. long, ^-^ in. thick, somewhat fibrillosely striate, not viscid, with white spot-like squamules above, at length becoming greyish, rough, almost mealy ; partial veil not evident ; spores ellip- tical, smooth, 9-10 X o fji. o 62 FUXGUS-FLOPvA. Hygroxjliorus ar/atJwsmus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. ; Ckc, Hdbk., p. 293 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 913. In pine woods, &c. Smell, especially when old, pleasant, resembling aniseed. In luxurious specimens the pileus is much larger than indi- cated above, and iiexuous, the stem is also sometimes curved or flexuous. Larger and firmer than L. jpiistulatus. (Fries.) Hygropliorns (Lima.) mesotephrus. B. & Br. Pileus 1-1 i in. across, flesh rather thick at the disc, thin elsewhere, somewhat hemispherical, white with a brown disc, viscid, striate ; gills decurrent, pure white, rather distant; stem lh-1 in. long, slender, flexuous, attenuated towards the base, viscid, whitish, granular at the apex; spores elliptical, apiculate, 9-10 X 5 /x. Sycjropliorus mescAeplirus^ B. and Br., Ann. Xat. Hist., xiii. t. 15, f. 2 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 293 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 914. In woods. Pileus about 1 in. across, convex, subhemispheiical, white with the disc brown, viscid, striate, the extreme margin often remaining quite even, flesh white, hygrophanous. Stem about 2 in. high, 2 lines thick, flexuous, attenuated at the base, white, viscid, floccoso-granulated at the apex, stuff'ed with a fibrillose pith. Gills pure white, moderately broad, rather distant, ventricose, shortly decurrent. A very deli- cate species, allied to H. fusco-alhus, but with a very ditferent habit. In age the lower part of the stem is slightly stained, but by no means squamose. (B. and Bi\) Cooke's figures, quoted above, differ much from Berkeley's description and figures. In Cooke's "Illustrations" the pileus is pale yellowish buff, disc darker, plane, umbonate, and depressed round the umbo; altogether suggesting a slender, pale form of H. prntensis. Hygrophorus (Lima.) livido-albus. Fr. Pileus li-2^ in. across, flesh everywhere thin; expanded, obtuse, more or less irregularly waved, even, glabrous, viscid, livid, all one tint, margin naked; gills decurrent, distant, 1-1 i line broad, distinct, clear white; stem 2-3 in. long, about 2 lines thick, nearly equal, often more or less flexuous, stufl'ed, whitish, glabrous; spores elliptical with an oblique apiculus, 10 X 6 /^. rLKLUOTUS. 363 HijgropJiorus Itvido-albus, Fries, Epicr., p. 324; Ckc, Illustr., pi. 915; Cke.,Hdbk., p. 293. In woods. Somewhat resembling; IT. i'hiirneus in habit and size, but distinguished by tlie livid colour of the pileus and the gla- brous stem. PLEUEOTUS, Fries, (figs. 12, 13, p. 301.) Pileus excentric, fleshy or membranaceous, sometimes re- supinate ; gills usually decuirent, sometimes determinate behind, or not running down the stem, rarely abruptly adnate, margin acute ; stem exi^anding gradually into the flesh of the pileus, excentric, truly lateral, or absent ; veil present in some species ; spore more or less elliptical,, smooth. Pleurotus, Fries, Epicr., p. 129 ; Cke., Ildbk., p. 101. The principal feature of the genus is the excentric or lateral stem. Most species grow on wood, twigs, moss, &c., rarely on the ground. In some of the higher species, P. cor- ticatiis, P. idmarius, P. spodoleacus, &c., the stem is sometimes central, and the pileus regular and horizontal. On the other hand, certain species of Clitocj/he and Omplialia when growing from an oblique or lateral substratum become excentric and oblique. In Laclarius, Cantharenus, Marasmiiis, and the whole of the other Leucosporae, there is nothing analogous with Pleurotus. (Fries.) ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES I. EXCENTRICI. Pileus entire, extended laterally, excentric but not truly lateral. * Yeil forming a ring on the stem. ** Veil absent ; gills sinuate or obtusely adnate. *** Yeil absent ; gills deeply decurrent ; stem distinct, more or less vertical. 364 FUNGUS-FLOKA. **** Veil absent; gills deeply decuirent; pileus lateral, sessile, or produced behind into a short, oblique, stem-like base. II. DniIDIATI. Pileus distinctly lateral, not marginate behind ; not resu^^i- nate at first. III. Eesupixiti. Pileus at first resupinate, then reflexed, sessile; gills radi- ating from an excentric point. * Pileus fleshy, uniform in texture. ** Pileus fleshy, striate, upper layer gelatinous, or, covered with a viscid pellicle. *** Pileus membranaceous, not viscid. EXCENTRICI. * Veil forming a ring. Pleurotus corticatus. Fr. Pileus 4—8 in. across, flesh thick, hard, white, convex then expanded and almost disciform, horizontal, always entire, everywhere covered with a dense greyish do^Ti when 3 oung, and as the pileus expands the down becomes broken up into floccose squamules on a whitish ground, margin strongly incurved when young; gills very decurrent, anastomosing behind, also dichotomously branched, rather distant, white but becoming yellowish when old ; stem l-o in. long, up to i in. thick, solid, hard, rooting, more or less excentric, curved and ascending, almost equal, squamulosely fibrillose, white : ring cottony-floccose, thick, white, torn into shreds that at first adhere to the stem and margin of pileus, but finally disappear. Agaricus (Pleurotus) corticatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 129; Cke., Hdbk., p. 101 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 290. On trunks. PLEUROTUS. 365 Often large and showy, usually solitary, but sometimes truly caespitose. The presence of a ring, and the deeply decurrent gills anastomosing behind stamp the present S2:)ecies. A large and noble Agaric, perhaps too closely allied to P. dryinus. Pileus exceutric, 7 in. across, exj^anded, swollen in the centre ; disc, especially in tlie centre, broken up into brownish-grey silky scales, w'hicli are more minute towards the thin, strongly involute margin. Stem 3 in. high, 1^ in. thick, pitted and silky below the evanescent ring, firm and tough, mottled. Gills rather broad, pure white, very de- current, anastomosing behind, sometimes forked ; edge en- tire. Smell rather strong. (B. and Br.) Pleurotus dryinus. Pers. Pileus 2-4 in. across, flesh thick at the vertex, becoming thin at the margin, white, becoming yellowish when broken; oblique or sometimes almost circular, compact and hard, whitish, varieo-ated with innate, brownish scales, margin incurved and bearing fragments of the torn veil ; stem very exceutric, but not truly lateral, rarely almost central, about 1 in. long, | in. thick or even more, whitish ; gills decurrent narrow^ almost simple, not anastomosing, white, becoming tinged wdth primrose yellow when bruised; spores elliptical, 10 X -i /x. Agaricus (Pleurotus^ dryinus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 102 ; Cke., niustr., pi. 226. Agaricus dryinus, Persoon, Syn., p. 478. On trunks of oak, hornbeam, &c. Small, hard, stem short, oblique, but not truly lateral, the pileus being marginate behind. Pileus |-3 in. broad, exceutric, white, the surface broken into light brown adpressed scales, the margin involute, wdth fragments of the broad woven veil adhering to it, flesh continued into the stem. Gills white, not very broad, decurrent, forked, crisp. Sporules white. Stem 3 in. high (in my specimen elongated from growing in a hollow ash), attenuated downwards, firm, almost woody, tomentose but not scaly. Taste like that of A. campestris. The plant assumes partially a yellowish tint when dry or cut. (Berk.) 366 FUNGUS-FLORA. Pleurotus spongiosus. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, fleshy, excentric, somewhat lateral, piilvinatc, covered with a persistent grey down; flesh loosely floccose, white ; gills sinuately adnexed, with a decnrrent tooth, simple, distinct, crowded, white, margin quite entire ; stem lip to 1 in. long, sometimes almost wanting, excen- tric, incurved, not rooting, white, tomentose; ring white, soon torn, adhering to the margin of the pilens, at length disappearing; spores 8-10 x 4 /x. Agaricus (Pleurotus^ spongiosus, Fries, Epicr., p. 130 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 102 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 253. On trmiks of beech, &c., among moss. Distinguished by the presence of a veil and sinuately ad- nexed gills. ** Gills sinuate or ohiiisely adnate. Pleurotus ulmarius. Bull. Pileus 3-7 in. across, fleshy, compact, horizontal, fairly regular but more or less excentric, convex then plane and disciform, even, glabrous, livid becoming pale, but ele- gantly marbled with roundish spots ; flesh white, tough ; gills horizontal, emarginate and rounded behind, slightly adnexed, broad, rather crowded, whitish ; stem solid, firm, elastic, somewhat excentric, curved and ascending, 2—3 in. long, up to 1 in. thick, base thickened and tomentose, not unfrequently tomentose everywhere, white. Agaricus v.lmarius, Bull., Champ., t. 510; Cke., Hdbk., p. 102; Cke., Illustr., pi. 227. On trunks of various trees. ITsually solitary ; often very large and robust. When the fungus grows vertically from the side of a trunk, the stem is more or less excentric and ascending ; when grow- ing horizontally, the stem is central and erect, when it resembles a TricJwloma, but distinguished by growing on wood. (Fries.) In Cooke's figures the pileus and stem are pale ochraceous. Pileus 3-12 in. broad, obtuse smooth, subcoriaceous, but within very white, soft yet compact, thick, sometimes marbled with livid spots. Gills numerous, broad, white, adnate or subdecurrent, irregular. Stem excentric, ascending, 2-3 in. PLEurtOTUS. 367 long, about 1 in. thick, solid, firm, incrassated at the base, white sometimes furfnraceons, single or in tufts, varying a good deal in its texture. (Grev.) Pleurotus tessulatus. Bull. Pileus o— i in. across, horizontal, flesh compact, tljick, white, convex then plane, and in somewhat lateral forms de- pressed behind, rather irregular, even, glabrous, not cracked in a tessulated manner, but marked with roundish or poly- gonal, paler spots, pallid-tawny ; gills sinuate behind, unci- nately adnexed, thin, crowded, white or becoming tinged yellow ; stem solid, compact, about 1 in. long, equal, or at- tenuated at the base, very excentric, curved-ascending, even, glabrous, white. Agarkus (Pleuyolus) tessulatus,^ Bull., t. 513, f. 1 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 102; Cke., lllustr., pi. 254. On trunks. Solitary or caespitose. Allied to P. iilmarius, but more irregular in form, smaller, more compact, and smell of new meal. Pleurotus subpalmatus. Fr. Pileus 3-5 in. across, flesh thick, soft, variegated; convex then more or less flattened, irregularly circular, obtuse, rugu- lose, smooth, with a gelatinous cuticle, rufescent; stem ex- centric or almost lateral, but the pileus is always marginate behind, fibrillcse, short, equal, flesh fibrous, soft ; gills ad- nate, 3— i lines broad, crowded, joined behind, dingy. Agoricus (^Pleurotus) suhjKiImatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 131 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 103; Cke., lllustr., pi. 255. On old trunks, squared timber, &c. Very remarkable for having the fl^sli variegated as in Ft's- tidina hejjcitica. Pileus, especially when young, covered with a viscid pellicle. (Fries.) Pleurotus craspedius. Fr. Pileus 3-G in. across, more or less excentric, sometimes almost lateral, but always marginate behind; flesh thin, almost membranaceous at the expanded margin, flaccid, plane, depressed behind when very excentric, brick-red, or after rain tan-colour becoming pale ; also greyish, even, glabrous, rather moist, but without a separable pellicle, 368 FUXGUS-FLOEA. margin at first incurved, then expanded, elegantly crenately lobed or fimbriate ; flesh watery, white when dry ; gills entirely adnate, not sinuate, very thin, crowded, and narrow, at length torn, white ; stem sometimes verj'- short, at others up to 3 in. long and 1 in. thick, solid, firm, elastic, spongy inside, often twisted or compressed, pallid, usually glabrous, or the base slightly downy. Agaricus (Pleurotus) craspecUus, Fries, Epicr., p. 131 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 256; Cke., Hdbk., p. 103. On rotten trunks. Distinguished by the very narrow, thin, crowded gills being truly adnate, and not at all emarginate behind. Pleurotus fimbriatus. Bolton. Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh quite thin ; more or less plane then depressed, the margin becoming variously broken up into lobes and crenated, even, whitish, hygrophanous and almost hyaline ; stem more or less excentric, about 1 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, firm, compressed, downy, not rooting ; gills adnate, thin, narrow, much crowded, sometimes forked, white. Agaricus (PleurGtus) fimhriatus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 103; Cke., Illustr., pi. 178a. Agaricus fimhriatus, Bolton, t. 61. On trunks. A remarkable species, allied to Pleurotus lignatilis. Pileus and stem downy when young, but naked when old, in the specimens found by me. (Fries.) Gregarious or tufted. Pileus 3 in. broad ; most beautifully and repeatedly lobed and fimbriated; turning pale. Stem about 1 in. long, smooth. (Berk.) Pleurotus Ruthae. B. & Br. Pileus 14-3 in. across, flesh thicki&h; more or less fan- shaped, upper stratum gelatinous, rather hispid, whitish or yellowish-buff, even, margin very thin, often striate ; gills determinate and anastomosing behind, about 1^ line broad, white then reddish, interstices veined ; stem either distinctly lateral, or the pileus marginate behind, short, rather stout, reddish, hispid. Agaricus (^Pleurotus) rutJiae, Berk, and Broome, Ann. Nat. PLEUROTUS. 3G9 Hist., no. 1754; Cke., Hdbk., p. 103; Cke., Illustr., pi. 178b, and 654. On sawdust. Distinguished from P. pantoleucus by tlie gills being de- terminato (ending definitely and not decurrent), and anasto- mosing behind. Pleurotus lignatilis. Fr. Pileus 2-G in. across, rarely central, usually more or less excentric, sometimes quite lateral, often reniform, flesh thin but compact and tough, cracking, convex then plane, obtuse and often umbilicate, flocculosely mealy, becoming naked after rain, wavy, margin at first involute, then expanded, undulately lobed in luxuriant specimens, dingy white ; gills adnate, much crowded, narrow, unequal, diverging in the lobes, white ; stem stuffed then hollow, sometimes 2-3 in. long, sometimes only 3-4 lines long, or almost absent, alwaj'S slender, unequal, curved or flexuous, tough and flexible, whitish, villosely pruinose everywhere, base rooting and rather downy. Arjarkus (Pleurotus) ]i(juatilis. Pries, Epicr., p. 132 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 101; Cke., Illustr., pi. 257b. On trunks, rotten wood, &c. Very variable, form altogether inconstant, substance thin, tough, smell strong of meal, din^ry whitish; usually densely caespitose, but also solitarj-. (Fries.) Pleurotus circinatus. Fr. Entirely white. Pileus jibout 3 in. across, orbicular, hori- zontal, flesh rather thick, pliant, convex then flattened and more or less discoid, even, but covered with a whitish silki- ness ; gills slightly decurrent, crowded, up to 3 lines broad ; stem 1-2 in. long, 3-4 lines tlnck, equal, central or slightly excentric, commonly straight, glabrous, base rooting, stuffed; elastic. Agaricus {Pleurotus) circinatus. Fries, Epicr., p. 132; Cke., Hdbk., p. 104; Cke., Illustr., pi. 257b. On rotten wood of birch, &:c. Kegular, solitary, entirely white, not hygrophanous, odour weak but pleasant. Appears to approach Agaricus (Glito- cyhe) rivulosus, from which it is distinguished by its habitat. (Fries.) VOL. II. 2 B 370 FUNGUS-FLORA. *** Gills decur rent ; stem almost vertical. Pleurotus pantoleucus. Fr. Entirely white. Pileus 2-3 in. across, excentric, spathuli- form or somewhat elliptical, even, glabrous, marginate and depressed behind, margin even, entire ; flesh thick behind, thin at the margin, white; gills decurrent; 3 lines broad, crowded, not forked nor anastomosing behind ; stem not 1 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, ascending, glabrous, solid, not rooting ; spores elliptic fusiform, smooth, 11-12 x 4 /t. Agariciis (Flevrotus) pantoleucus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 172; Cke., Hdbk., p. 104; Cke., Illustr., pL 179 and 275a. On trunks. Solitary, firm, white, stem solid, ascending, very excentric, 1 in. or a little more in length, I- in. or more thick, equal or narrowed downwards, even, glabrous ; pileus fleshy, ascending, obliquely horizontal, spathulate and slightly convex, up to 3 in. long, and 2 in. broad, even, glabrous, disc often opaque, margin quite entire. Gills decurrent, rather crowded, white. (Fries.) Owing to the slightly pronounced characters, this species was at one time considered as a sub-species of P. spodoleucus, but the constant white colour, short, ascending stem, thinner towards the base, and somewhat lateral pileus, de- pressed behind, distinguish it. In one of Cooke's figures (pi. 179), the pileus is of a pale warm ochraceous colour, the gills also are pallid. There is a suggestion of these tints in the fig. by Fries, Icones, pi. 88, f. 2. Pleurotus sapidus. Kalchbr. Caespitose, or several pilei appearing to spring from a common branced stem ; pileus 1-3 in. across, flesh thick, ex- centric, irregular, convex or obtusely gibbous then depressed, glabrous, white or brownish ; stem stout, solid, several usually springing from a thickened knob, whitish, 1-2 in. long, expanding upwards into the pileus ; gills decur- rent, rather distant, narrow, whitish; spores elliptical, 10-11 X 4-5 fi. Pleurotus sapidus, Kalchbi-enner, Hym. Hung., t. 8, f. 1 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 371 ; Cke., Hlustr., pi. 954. On elm trunks. TLEUROTUS. 371 A very variable spacies; according* to Kalclil)renner, the spores have a faint tinge of lihic, and the pilens is Avhite, tawnj', brownish, or umber on tlie same trunk, The white form only has been met with in this country. Pleurotus mutilus. Fr. Pilens np to 1 in. across, flesh father thick, soft, irregu- larly circular in outline and slightl}^ depressed, but very variable in form, glabrous, silky when dry, white; gills de- current, somewhat crowded, narrow, rather thick, simple ; stem about v in. long, slender, expanding upwards into the ilesh of the pileus, excentric or almost lateral, glabrous, base downy, white. Agaricus (Pleurotas) iuntihis, Fries, Syst. M^'c, i. ]). 191 ; Cke., Ildbk.; p. 10-1: Ckc., Illnstr., pi. 275d. On the ground among grass. Cooke says, also on dead ^vood. Very similar to OmpliaVia scj/plioides, Fr. ; of which it may pot^sibly be a variety; but although the two have grown mixed together, I have never observed a direct transition. P. mutilus differs in being almost glabrous, never regular in form, and not infundiljuliform. (Fries.) {!;. jjj j!;- jjj Gills decurrent ; stem lateral^ short or ahsenf. Pleurotus ostreatus. Jacq. Pileus 3-6 in. across, fleshy, soft, at first convex and hori- zontal, then expanded and ascending, glabrous, moist, even, but the cuticle sometimes torn into squamules, dark and almost blackish -when young, then brownish-grey, clear bluish-grey with violet tinge, or lavender colour, often becoming yellowish when old; stem short or obliterated, firm, obliquely ascending, incrassated upwards, white, base downy or strigose; gills decurrent, anastomosing behind, rather distant, broad, Avhitc, sometimes tinged yellow, never pinkish; spores elliptical, white, 10-12 X 4-5 fx. Agaricus ostreatus, Jacques., Austr., t. 2G8; Cke., Hdbk., p. 105; Cke., Illnstr., pi. 195 and 953. Pleurotus columhinus, Quelet, in Bresad., Fungi Trident., p. 10, t. vi. On trunks. 2 c 2 372 FUNGUS-FLORA. Caespitose. Smell strong ; tlie stem is sometimes almost central. Distinguished from all species except P. corticatus by the gills anastomosing behind, and often forming an open network on the stem-like base. Known from P. corticatus by absence of a ring on the stem. Edible. Imbricated, large. Pileus subdimidiate, very thick and fleshy ; flesh white, dusky towards the surface, 1 in. deep) ; the border at first fibrillose or even decidedly squamulose, mai'gin involute ; as the pileus expands the white fibrillae vanish and the colour changes from dusky to bistre ; margin paler and rimulose, the \vhole surface shining and satiny when dry, soft and clammy when moist; towards the base in age there is a little white down. Gills broad, here and there forked, anastomosing at the base, dirty- white, the edge ser- rated, umber. In large specimens there is often a distinct stem, clothed with a dense short white down, which runs up between the gills. When dr^", the pileus becomes pallid or 3'ellowish. Taste and odour like that of A. personatus^ which it resembles somewhat in colour. Stem strjgose at the base, according to Fries. (Berk.) Var. glandulosus. With the habit of the typical form, but larger; pileus dark brown, becoming pale; gills white, with scattered small wart-like or glandular bodies. Agariciis glandulosus, Bulliard, t. 426. On trunks. A very constant, but somewhat rare variety; easily known by ihe dark brown pileus. The gland-like bodies on the gills are due to the outward giowth of the hyphae of the trama in minute patches here and there. Var. euosmus, Cke., Hdbk.,''p. 105 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 196. . Agaricus (Pleurotus) euosmus, Berk., Outl., p. 185. Strong scented, imbricate ; pileus fleshy, depressed, shining, silky when dry, at fiist white with a tinge of blue, then brownish ; stem short or obsolete ; gills decurrent, ventri- cose, dingy white, spores 12-14 X 5 /t, pale pinkish-lilac. On elm trunks. Pilei very much crowded, 2 in. or more across, deeply de- pressed, unequal, at first white, invested with a slight blue varnish, at length of a pale brown ; stems distinct above, connate below; gills rather broad; running down 'to the PLEUROTUS. 37 o bottom of the free portion of the stem ; spores oLlong, narrow, oblique, white tinged with purple. The whole plant smells, when first gathered, strongly of tarragon. (B. ife Br.). Pleurotus revolutus. Kickx. Pileus 4-7 in. across, flesh very thick near the stem, and gradually attenuated to the very thin margin, firm, dvy, elastic; convex then flattened and depressed in the centre, margin incurved, glabrous, ratlier shining, colour at first smoky-yellow, then lead or mouse-colour, centre darkest ; stem lateral, about 1 in. long, up to 1 in, thick, whitish, glabrous or downy, solid ; gills decurrent, rather narrow, distinct, rather crowded, white, margin minutely toothed. Agaricus (^Pleurotus) revolutus, Kiclvx, p. 158; Cke., Hdbk., p. 105. On beech trunks. Var. anglicus, Size and habit of the typical form, but differing in the margin of the pileus being only very slightly, or not at all incurved, and in the gills being pallid ochraceous. Cke., Illustr., jdI., 180. On trunks. Pleurotus salignus. Pers. Pileus 2-4 in. across, subdimidiate, horizontal, at length depressed behind and strigose, margin entire, incurved, pale yellow-brown or dusky ; stem always short, firm, more or less downy ; gills horizontal, not distinctly decurrent, li— 2 lines broad, distinct behind, branched at the middle, crowded, pale dingy -pallid, margin often broken, not glandular. Agaricus salignus, Pers., Svn., p. 478; Cke., Hdbk., p. 105; Cke., Illustr., pi. 228. On rotten trunks, especially willows. Not caespitose. Keadily distinguished by the pileus being pulvinate when young, then becoming depressed and strigose, gills thinner and more crowded than usual in the genus, somewhat branching, not anastomosing behind ; dingy smoke-colour, as are also the spores. (Fries.) Pleurotus acerinus. Fr. Pileus 1-4 in. acro.-s, some\vhat circular, convex or almost 874 ruxGrs-FLOKA. plane ; flesli thick at the disc, Ijecomiiig thin elsewhere, white ; silkil}' downy, shining white : stem very excentric, almost lateral, slender or almost obsolete, downy ; gills decurrent, very much crowded, thin, white then yellowish. Agaricus (Pleurotus) acerinus. Fries, Epicr., p. 134; Cke., Hdb'k., p. 106; Cke., Illustr., i^L 291? On trunk. Caespitose or solitary: not hygrophanous. Cooke's figure differs from the description given by Fries in having the pileus tinged with bro-wn, and the stem robust, 1 in. long, and above -I in. thick. II. JJIMIDIATI. Pleurotus petaloides. Bull. Pileus 1-2 in. long, flesh thin ; ascending, somewhat obovate or spathulate, almost plane, depressed behind and running into the stem where it is downy, remainder gla- brous, brownish, becoming pale, margin at first involute, then expanded ; gills decurrent, very much crowded, about 1 line broad, linear, and very unequal, whitish then grey ; stem solid, firm, about h in. long, sometimes very short, compressed, more or less downy, exactly lateral, whitish ; spores 9-10 x -t fj- Agaricus (Pleurotus) petaloides, Cke., Ildbk., p. lOG ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 258a. Agaricus petaloides, Bull., Champ., 22G, f. 2. On trunks. Gregarious or imbricated, pileus entire, stem channelled in large specimens ; colour of pileus various ; taste bitter. Fries mentions a form growing on the ground in grassy places, having the pileus somewhat vertical, margin refiexed, small, almost indicating a transition to P. tremulus. Pleurotus serotinus. Schrad. Pileus l-o in. broad, flesh thick, at first convex and gibbous, then plane and ascending, reniform or obovate, even, glabrous, covered with a viscid 2:)ellicle in wet weather, yellowish-green, sooty-olive, &c. ; margin at first involute, then expanded and rather wavy ; gills not truly decurrent. TLEIKOTUS. 375 narrow, crowded, often branclied, typically j-ellow, but sometimes pallid or pinkish, the margin with sooty points that are a continuation of the squamules of the stem ; stem lateral, solid, up to 1 in. long, otten short or almost absent, thick, deformed, yellowish, with scattered sooty squamules that form a crowded zone near the gills. A(/aricus serotinus, Schrader, Abbild. d. Schwamm, 3 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 106 ; Cke., lUustr., pi. 258b. On trunks. Gregarious or imbricately caespitose, very fleshy, compact when young, then softer. Pleurotus pulmonarius. Fr. Pileus about 2 in. long by 1 in. or more broad, flesh thin, soft, slightly convex, obovate or reniform, glabrous, greyish or tan-colour ; gills slightly decurrent, narrow, simple, whitish then livid ; stem lateral, round, very short, downy. Aqaricus (^Pleurotus) pulmonarius, Syst. Myc, p. 187; Cke., Hdbk., p. 106; On trunks. Solitary. Difiers from P. serotinus in the very short stem and glabrous pileus. Var. juglandis, Fries, Monogr., i. p. 248. Sessile, smaller than the typical form, gregarious ; pileus obovate, attenuated into a ver}^ short stem-like base, not marginate behind, flaccid, glabrous, grejdsh-brown ; gills decurrent, coloured like the pileus or paler. On walnut trunks. Pleurotus mitis. Pers. Pileus J-1 in. acro^ss, flesli thin, tough, white ; horizontal, reniform, even, glabrous, without a viscid pellicle, whitish or with a rufescent tinge ; gills adnato-decurrent, closely crowded, narrow, simple, white : stem distinctly lateral, up to I- in. long, sometimes very short, compressed and broadened upwards, powdered with white squamules; spores elliptical, slightly curved, 4 x 2 /x. Agaricus (^Pleurotus) mitis, Cke., Hdbk., p. 107; Cke., Illustr., pi. 211. Agaricus mitis, Persoon, Syn. p. 481. On fallen branches of pine, larch, &c. 376 FUNGUS-FLORA. Eesembling Paniis stypticus in habit and size, Lilt dis- tinguished by its white colour and glabrous pileus. Firm, tasteless, white or lufescent, in the young state spathulate, and the stem quite distinct, the pileus gradually dilates, the stem becomes obsolete, and the pileus reniform,. the outer margins meeting, and the one overlapping the other ; the upper stratum gelatinous. (Berk.) Pleurotus gadinoides. Smith, (figs. 12, 13, p. 301.) Pileus about J in. across, rather fleshy tender, horizontal, semi-circular or shell-shaped, white, hygrophanous, covered with delicate adpressed, floccose dow^n, wnth no gelatinous upper stratum; stem minute, lateral, or absent; gills some- what crowded, and slightly branched ; white; spores ellip- tical, 7 X 3 /x. Agaricus (Pleurotus) gadinoides, W. G. Smith, Journ. But., 1873, t. 129, f. 1-4; Cke., Hdbk., p. 107; Cke., Illustr,, pi. 276a. On tree-fern stem in hot-horse. Probably an introduced species. Pleurotus limpidus. Fr. Pileus l-l in. across, flesh thin, obovate or renifoim^ horizontal, even, glabrous, hygrojohanous, white when moist, shining white when dry, not furnished with a viscid pellicle, margin veiy tliin, shortly inflexed ; gills thin, crowded, white; true stem alsent, but the ^^ileus narrowed 1 ehind into a very f?ho]t, stem-like base, on which the gills are decurrent. Af/ariciis (Pleurotus) limpidus, Fries, Epicr., p. 135; Cke., Hdbk., p. 107; Cke., Illustr., p)l. 276b. On rotten trunks of beech, etc. With the habit and substance of P. mitis, but entirely shining w^hite, and subsessile. (Fries.) Pleurotus reniformis. Fr. Pileus \-?^ in. across, rather fleshy, horizontal, reniform, grey, rather notched behind, and furnished with a very shoit, rudimentar}^ downy stem; gills diverging from the stem-like base, thin, narrow, crowded, grey. Agaricus {Pleurotus) reniformis. Fries, Yet. Akad. Farh., 1873, p. 5; Cke., Hdbk., p. 108 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 276a PLEUROTUS. 377 On brandies. Stem reduced to a white downy tubercle; flesh of pileus thin, pileus exactly lateral, semicircular, horizontal, plane, even, downy, grey, -^5 lines broad ; flesh very thin, rather gelatinous, diaphanous. (Fries.) Pleurotus lauro-cerasi. B. and Br. Pileus up to 1^ in. across, flesh thin, equal, sessile, hori- zontal and attached by a narrow base, more or less circular in outline, or shell-shaped, sulcate, brownish; gills very broad at the middle, narrowed to both ends, rather thin, connected by veins, whitish, margin wavy ; spores elliptical, apiculate, 8 X o /x. Agaricus (Pleurotus) lauro-cerasi, B. and Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., no. 1854; Cke., Hdbk., p. 108; Cke., Illustr., pi. 242a. On stems of cherry laurel. Pileus rather more than 1 in. across; the cuticle is ex- tremely thin, and gives way at the furrows, so as to expose the substance of the pileus. (B. & Br.) Pleurotus tremulus. Fr. Pileus about h in. across, flesh thin, dimidiate, somewhat horizontal, reniform, plane, depressed and often villous behind, the remainder glabrous, even, greyish-brown becom- ing pale, hygrophanous ; gills adnate, appearing decurrent from the depression of the j)ileus, determinate, narrow, rather distant, very unequal, grey ; stem distinct, exactly lateral, vertical or slightly ascending, round, about h in. long, about two lines thick, sometimes very short, dilated upwards, attached by the fibrillose base to mosses. Agaricus (Pleurotus) tremulus, Fries, Epicr., p. 135; Cke., Hdbk., p. 108; Cke., Illustr., pi. 242b. On mosses and on the ground. More variable than neighbouring species. Entire fungus grey. (Fries.) Distinguished from P. tremulus by the presence of a distinct stem. Pleurotus acerosus. Fr. Pileus up to 1 in. across, almost membranaceous, reniform or almost orbicular, plane, somewhat lobed, striate, hygro- phanous, greyish, when dry with a white silkiness ; stem 378 FUNGUS-FLOEA. lateral, very sliort or almost obsolete, rather coarsely downy at the base ; gills determinate, narrow, crowded, simple, greyish. Af/aricus (Fleurotus) acerosns, Fries, Sj'st. Myc, i. p. 191 ; Cke.\ Hdbk., p. 108; Cke., Illustr., pi. 242c. On wood, among leaves, on gravel, &c. Very variable, flaccid, greyish-brown, becoming pale, re- sembling Cantharellus Johatus in appearance. Attached by spreading white mycelium when growing on SpJiagnum in swamps. (Fries.) III. EESUPIXATI. * P Ileus Jleshij, uniform in texture, Pleurotus porrigens. Pers. Entirely white. Pileus 2-3 in. long, and about Ih in. broad ; flesh thin, tough ; sessile, at first resupinate then ascending or horizorital, expanded from the base and be- coming ear-shaped, fan-shaped, or almost circular, glabrous, more or less downj^ towards the base ; gills radiating, very narrow, rather crowded. Agaricus (Pleurotus) jporrigens, Cke., Hdbk., p. 109 ; Cke., Illustr., ifl. 259a. Agaricus ]jorrigens, Persoon, Obs. 31yc., i. p. 54. On old pine trunks. Usually imbricated. Iiesembling P. petaloides in habit, l>ut differing in colour, and in the absence of a narrowed &tem-like base. Pleurotus septicus. Fr. Pileus up to l' in. across, flesh rather thick ; downy, resu- pinate at first and closel}^ applied to the wood on which it grows, furnished with a minute, downy stem 1-2 lines long, which soon disappears, leaving the pileus reflexed, and apparently sessile, shining white; gills radiating from the point of attachment of the stem, rather distant and broad, wdiite ; sjDores broadly elliptical with an oblique basal apiculus, 8-10 and 6 /x. Pleurotus se2)ticus, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 192; Cke., Hdbk., p. 109; Cke., Illustr., pi. 259. PLEUROTUS. 379 On wood, brandies, twigs, decaying fungi, dung, &c. Small, but very variable in form. ISuperficially resem- bling Clandopus variabilis^ but the gills are persistently white, as are also the sjDores. Distinguished from the other small white species of Pleu- rotus by the thicker flesh of the pileiis, and more evident stem, and by the gills being at first uppermost, and then turned over. **■ P ileus Jleslnj, striate, upper layer r/elatinous. Pleurotus mastrucatus. Fr. Pileus up to 2 in. long and 1 in. broad, sessile, at first re- supinate then expanded and horizontal, often lobed, upper stratum of pileus gelutinous, brown, bristling with squar- roise or erect squamules : flesh thickish ; gills radiating from the point of attachment, broad, rather distant, greyish white. Agaricus (Pleurotus) mastrucatus, Files, S3'st. Myc, i. p. 190 ; Cke., lidbk., p. 109 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 243a. On old trunks. Imbricated. Eeadily distinguislied by the brown, squar- rosely scaly pileus. Pleurotus atrocoeruleus. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. long, up to 1 in. broad, at first resupinate, soon distinctly reflexed and horizontal, obovate or reniform, downy, rarely almost glabrous, riigulose when dry due to contraction of the cuticle, usually blackish-blue, rarely fus- cous ; flesh soft, superior stratum (pellicle) slightly gelati- nous, up to 2 lines thick, b!ackisb-brown ; lower layer, or flesh proper, thin and whitish ; gills at first radiating from a point, then converging towards the base, broad, whitish, at leniith tinged with yellow; spores 7-8 X 5 /x. Agaricus (^Pleurotus) atrocoeruleus, Fries, Epicr., p. 137 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 243r.. On rotten trunks of beech and poplar, in densely shaded places. Sessile, gregarious, somewhat imbricated. Smell very pleasant. (Fries.) 380 FUNGUS-FLOE A. Pleurotus Leightoni. Berk. Pileus about ^ in. across, flesh ratlier thick, at first ob- liquely conical, umber then lead-colour, scurfy with short black bristles intermixed ; upper layer gelatinous ; gills ra- diating from the point of attachment of the pileus, rather thick, distant, tan-colour, somewhat forked at the base, rather wavy. Agaricus (Pleurotus) Leightoni, Berk., Ann. Nat. Hist., vol. xiii., t. 9, f. 1 ; Cke., lllustr., pL 260a ; Ckc., Ildbk., p. 109. On wood. Pileus 5 lines broad, at first cyphellaeform, obliquely coni- cal, umber-brown, gradually becoming paler, at length of a pallid lead-colour, furfuraceous, especially behind, where there are a few bristles; flesh consisting of two distinct strata, of which the upper is gelatinous, and of the colour of the pileus, the lower white. Stem none. Gills of a pallid tan-colour, thickish, distant, undulated, obscurely wrinkled at the base, but the interstices can scarcely be said to be reticulated. (Berk.) Pleurotus algidus. Fr. Pileus about 1 in. across, rather fleshy, at first resupi- nate, then expanded and horizontal, reniform, covered with a thin viscid pellicle, glabrous, reddish brown ; gills radi- ating from the point of attachment of the pileus, rather broad, crowded, yellov/ish. Agaricus {Pleurotus) cdgidus, Yries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 190; Cke., Hdbk., p. 110; Cke., Illustr., pi. 260r. On trunks. Pileus grey, umber, or reddish-brown ; often pruinose when young. Usually caespitose and imbricated. Pleurotus fluxilis. Fr. Pileus up to I in. across, rather fleshy; sessile, reniform and very slightly depressed behind, even, pale umber, ge- latinously viscid ; gills diverging from the point of attach- ment of the pileus, distant, few, white, simple. Agaricus (^Pleurotus) fluxilis, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 189 ; Cke., Hdbk., 110 ; Cke., Hlustr., pi. 24-Ia. On mosses growing on trunks, also on sawdust. PLEUROTUS. 381 Pleurotus cyphellaeformis. Berk. Pileus up tu I in. bioad and liigli, rather fleshy, sessile, ciip-sliaped, more or less pendulous, upper layer gelatinous, grey, margin paler, sprinkled with a few meal-like scales, very minutely downy, especially at the base ; gills narrow, distant, pure white. Agaricus (Pleurotus) cyphellaeformh, Berlc, Mag. Zool. and Bot., i. t. 15, f. 3; Cke., Hdbk., p. 110; Cke., Illustr., pi. 244b. On dead stems of herbaceous plants. Gregarius ; resembling a Cypliella in habit. Pleurotus applicatus. Batsch. Up to \ in, across, cup-shaped and orbicular when young, usually sessile and fixed by the downy base, rarely fur- nished with a xQvy short, rudimentary stem; gills radi- ating from a central point; when adult more or less re- flexed, but never truly dimidiate, slightly j^i'uinose when 3^oung, glabrous or downy, minutely striate when moist ; colour variable blackish-blue, dark or ashy-grey ; gills scanty, rather thick, broad, distant, paler than the pileus, and margin usually whitish. Agartcus ai?plicatus, Batsch, f. 125; Cke., Hdbk., p. Ill ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 224c. On rotten wood. Distinguished among the minute species by its dingy colour. Somewhat resemblinir P. tremulus, but known bv the absence of a distinct stem. Pileus 2-4 lines broad, when young cup-shaped, resupinate, slightly fleshy, striate when moist, more or less villous. Gills broad distant radiating, grey, the margin whitish. Stem none. (Berk.) *** Pileus membranaceous, not viscid. Pleurotus Hobsoni. Berk. Pileus 2-i lines across, thin and delicate, reniform or semicircular, horizontal, plane, pale grey, minutely downy ; gills rather distant, radiating from the point of attachment of the pileus, pallid. o 82 FUNGUS-FLORA. Agaricus (Tleuroiiis) Hohsoni, Berk., Oiitl., p. 139 ; Cke., TTdbk., p. Ill ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 212a. On stumps, branches, &c. Diifers from P. applicatus in being niucli paler in colour, and horizontal and plane, not ciip-sbaped. Pleurotus striatulus. Fr. Pileus 2-3 lines across, very thin, pale brownish grey, more or less concave, liaccid, glabrous, striate, sessile ; gills broad, few, distant, radiating from an excentric point, greyish. Agaricus {Pleurotus) striatulus. Fries, Syst. ^lyc, i. p. 193; Cke., Hdbk., p. Ill ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 212b, On fallen branches, wood, &c. Variable in form (A.) obconicall}' campanulate, pendulous when growing on the under side of fallen trunks ; (-B.) imbricated, reflexed ; on branches of hazel; ((7.) irregular; on twigs. Becomes contracted when dry and escapes the eye. (Fries.) Distinguished among the minute grey species by the glabrous, striate pileus. Pleurotus hypnophilus. Berk. Pileus 2-4 lines across, very thin, resupinate, flat, white, somewhat reniform, nearly smooth ; gills radiating from the jDoint of attachment of the pileus, narrow, distant, simple ; spores elliptical, 5 x 3 y.. Agaricus {Pleurotus') lujpnopliilus, Berk., Outl., p. 139; Cke., Illustr., pi. 212c; Cke., Hdbk., p. 111. On moss, fallen leaves, &c. Resembling Claudopus variahilis closely in size and general appearance, but the spores are white, and the gills do not change colour. Distinguished among the small white species of Pleurotus by the glabrous pileus. Exactly the habit of A. variahilis, but the sjDores are white, and inconsequence the gills do not change colour. (Berks.) Pleurotus chioneus. Pers. Pileus 2-3 lines across, very thin, partly resupinate, snow- white, downy; stem lateral, very short, downy, at length almost disappearing; gills radiating from an excentric point, rather broad, with intermediate shorter ones, pure Avhite. OMPHALIA. 38 o Agarims chioneus, Persoon, Myc. Eur., iii. t. 2G, f. 10-11 ; ( 'ke., Hdbk., p. Ill ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 212d. On wood, dung, leaves, &c. Somewhat resembling P. septkus, but smaller, witli a less distinct stem, the flesh of the pileus much thinner. Known from P. hypnopliilus by the distinctly villose or downy pileus. Pileus 2 lines l)road, extremely delicate and fragile, clothed with white down, fixed by a few downy threads, the maroin involute. Gills radiatino- distant, with sometimes a single smaller one in the interstices. (Berk.) OMPHALIA. Fries, (figs. 10, 11, p. ;}01.) Pileus symmetrical, usually very thin, depressed or infiin- dibuliform ; gills truly decurrent ; stem distinctly cartila- ginous externally, tubular, but the cavity frequently stuffed, especially when young, usually expanding upwards into the flesh of the pileus ; spores more or less elliptical, smooth. Omplialia, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. jd. 162; Cke., Hdbk., p. 91. Agreeing with Clitocyhe in the decurrent gills, but readily known by the externally polished, cartilaginous stem, and the very thin substance of the pileus. Separated from 3Ij/cena and Collyhia by the truly decurrent gills. The species are with few exceptions small, and many grow on wood, twigs, etc. ; none are edible. Smell obsolete, or nearly so, in all the species. ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES, I. COLLYBIARII. Pileus dilated from the first, margin incurved. * HydrogrammL Usually large, gills narroAv, very much crowded. (In addition to the stem character, the species of this group differ from the CyatM formes section of Clitocyhe, in the gills being truly decurrent from the first, very much crowded, and arcuate.) 384 FUNGUS-FLOEA. ** Pyxidati. Medium size ; gills slightly distant, narrow, narrowed at botli ends. *** Umhelliferi. Gills very distant, broad, usually thick. II. Mycenarii. Pileus campanulate at first, margin straight and pressed to the stem. * Campanellae. Gills broad, perfect, unequal. ** Integrelli. Gills fold-like, narrow. I. COLLYBIARII. Hydrogrammi. * Omphalia hydrogramma. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thin, flaccid, deeply umbilicate, very h3'grophanous, marginal portion spreading, rather wavy, stiiate, livid- white, whitish when dry; gills very decurrent, closely crowded, narrow, arcuate, margin quite entire, very unequal, livid-white ; stem about 3 in. long and 3 lines thick, distinctly cartilaginous, hollow, glabrous, base rooting, sometimes shorter, round, and straight, often decumbent and caespitose, commonly compressed and undulate, livid, apex naked. Agaricus (^OmpJialia) hi/drogrammus, Fries, Epicr., p. 120; Cke., Hdbk., p. 92; Cke.', Illustr., pi. 239. Among damp and rotting heaps of leaves, &c. Subcaespitose, of one colour, livid or whitish-livid, when moist, becoming whitish when dry, and in this state some- what resembling C. ijliyllophila ; the latter differs in the elastic, externally fibrous stem, the piano-depressed, never truly infundibuliform pileus, and the broader, very slightly decurrent grills. to' Omphalia detrusa. Fr. Pileus about IJ, in. across, rather fleshy, convex then more or less expanded and becoming umbilicate, even, glabrous, OMPHALIA. 385 indistinctly zoned ; gills slightly decurrent, tliin, crowded, whitish; stem about Ij in. long, 2 lines thick, firm, glabrous, dark grey, soon hollow. Agaricus {OmpJialia) detriisus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 291. Agaricus (Omphalia) umhilicatus, Cke., Hdbk., j). 92. In woods among moss, &c. With the habit of some species of Clitocyhe, but readily distinguished by the cartilaginous stem. Stem stuffed when young, then hollow, rather firm, 1-1^ in. long, 2 lines thick, attenuated upwards, even, glabrous, dark grey, almost blackish, base whitish. Pileus slightly fleshy, convex at first, then umbilicate, 1-2 in. broad, even, glabrous (slightly zoned according to the figure), dark grey. Flesh white, gills somewhat horizontal, slightly decurrent with a tooth, about 1 line broad, thin very crowded, whitish. Agaricus umbilicaius, Sch.3ieffe,r,t. 207, approaches the present species, but differs in the livid colour of the pileus when moist, and whitish when drj^, apex of stem silk}-, and pileus umbilicate from the first. (Fries.) Omphalia maura. Fr. Pileus 1-1 J in. across, submembranaceous, convex, deeply umbilicate, glabrous, hj^grophanous, striate when moist^ sooty brown ; even, shining with a silky gloss, and livid when dry , the umbilicus is very deep, but the remainder of the pileus arched, w-ith the margin drooping ; gills very deeply decurrent, narrowed at both ends, arcuate, very closely crowded, shining white ; stem 1-2 in. long, scarcely 1 line thick, distinctly'' cartilaginous, almost horny, rigid, fragile, stuffed at first, sooty black ; spores broadly elliptical,. 5-6 X 3-4 fx. Agaricus (^Om2)JiaUa.) maurus. Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 168; Cke., Hdbk., p. 92 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 287a. Swampy places, especially where the ground has "been. burnt ; also among grass on lawns. Superficially resembling Collyhia atrata, but distinguished by the decurrent, narrow, crowded gills. Omphalia ofFuciata. Fr. Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh thin, convex then piano- depressed, but not deeply umbilicate, even, glabrous, hygro- phanous ; like the gills at first dark then pale flesh-colour, VOL. II. 2 c 386 FUXGUS-FLOEA. becoming pale when old and dry, almost wliite ; gills mode- rately decurrent, plane, straight, crowded, narrow, coloured like the pileus ; stem abont 2 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, equal, round when young then flattened, glabrous, reddish, apex slightly mealy, distinctly cartilaginous, hollow. Agaricus (Omplmlia) officiatus. Fries, Epicr., p. 121 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 92; Cke., Illustr., pL 287b. In woods, beech especially, among fallen leaves. The larger form resembles Colhjhia dryopliila in habit, the smaller Triclioloma carneoliim, but distinct from both in the decurrent gills. (Fries.) ** Pyxidati Omphalia chrysophylla. Fr. Pileus 1-2J in. across, somewhat membranaceous, flaccid, deeply umbilicate, limb spreading and somewhat reflexed, flocculose, somewhat squamulose, very hj'grophanous, brownish-yellow when moist, hoary tan-colour, or whitish and hoary when dry ; gills decurrent, distant, distinct, broad, persistently deep golden-yellow; stem 1-2 in. long, 2 lines thick, tough, soon hollow, equal, rather incurved, base downy, somewhat rooting, goklen- egg-yellow, colour per- sistent ; spores elliptical, 8 x 4 /x. Agaricus {Omijlialia) clirijsoplnjllus, Fries, Epicr., p. 122 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 92 ; Cke., Illustr., pL 1152a. On rotten pine wood, also on old pine sawdust. Gregarious. Distinguished from 0. Postii, which the present species rather resembles in colour, in the pileus not being glabrous, broader gills, and in growing on wood. Omphalia Postii. Fr. Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh very thin; deeply um- bilicate, margin striate, glabrous, orange; gills deeply decurrent, narrow, rather distant, whitish; stem 2-3 in. long, 1-lJ line thick, even, glabrous, yellow, hollow, equal, straight. Agaricus (Omphalia) Postii, Fries, Monogr., ii. i^. 291; Cke., Hdbk., p. 93; Cke., Illustr., pi. 194a? In swamps. It is doubtful ^'hether Cooke's figure is not an orange OMPHALIA. 387 form of 0. pjx'idata ; it differs in many particulars from tlie description and fioaire of Fries, especialh^ in the very ilexuoiis stem, thickened upwards, whereas Fries says the stem is remarkably equal and straight. The pileus is also much lobed in Cooke's figure, and the specimens were found on charcoal beds. A very elegant species, growing in swamps. The bright orange colour of the glabrous pileus distinguish this from every other species. Stem hollow, 2-3 in. long, 1 line and more thick, remarkably equal, straight, even, glabrous, yellowish. Pileus membranaceous, umbilicate at first then depressed, 1-2 in. and more broad, even, glabrous, convex and striate at the margin. Gills very deeply and truly decurrent, 1 line broad, arcuate, white. (Fries.) Var. aurea. Mass. Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin ; very regular, infnndibu- liform, smooth, even, margin drooping, bright golden-yellow ; gills slightly decurrent, crowded, Ij line broad, thin, white; stem about 2 in. long, li-2 lines thick, equul smooth and polished, coloured like the j^ileus, hollow, white and tapering at the base ; spores elliptical, 7 X 3*5 /x. On Sphagnum in swamps. Figured by Cke., Illustr., pi. 1152b, as a form of 0. Postii, but probably a distinct species. Omphalia pyxidata. Bull. Pileus |-1 in. across, membranaceous, umbilicate then infundibuliform, almost glabrous, radiately striate, brick- red or .with a rufescent tinge when wet, hygrophanous, whitish and minutely silky under a lens when dry; gills decurrent, rather distant, narrow, flesh-colonr then yellowish ; stem about 1 in. long, 1 line thick, even, tough, pale rufescent, stuffed then hollow. Agariciis {Omplialici) injxidatus, Cke., Illustr., pi. 194b; Cke., Hdbk., p. 93. Among short grass, &c. Stem stuffed then hollow, tough, 1 in. long, about I line thick, equal, round, glabrous or pruinose, pallid then reddish. Pileus membranaceous, pellucid, umbilicate then infundi- buliform, about 1 in. broad, very hygrophanous, glabrous when moist, sometimes the margin only, sometimes the 2 c 2 388 ruNGrs-FLOKA. wliole pileiis radiately striate, brownish brick-red, or rnfons- brown, slightly flocculose or silky when dry, becoming pale, opaque. Gills decurrent, rather distant, distinct, narrow, but broad in the middle, flesh-colour then yellowish. The entire fungus very much more variable than neighbouring species. (Fries.) Pileus smooth, disk submembranaceous. Gills decurrent, rather distant, narrower than in any neighbouring species, dirty-white with a rufescent tinge, then of the same colour as the pileus. Stem when young stuffed, then hollow, thickened at the base and there clothed with whitish down, subattenuate upwards. (Fries.) Omphalia leucophylla. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, submembranaceous, infundibuliform, almost smooth, not floccose, dark grey, margin reflexed, involute; gills decurrent, rather distant, arcuate, distinct, shining w^hite ; stem 1^-2 in. long, about 1 line thick, equal, even, glabrous, grey, stuffed then hollow. Agaricus (Omphalia) leucophyllus, Fries, in Yet. Ak. Forh., 1851 ; Cke.,~Hdbk., p. 93 ; Cke., Illustr., pL 288a. Damp places in woods, &c. Di.stinguisbed from every other species by the persistently white, shining gills. Omphalia striaepileus. Fr. Pileus f-l^ in. across, flesh thin, convex then expanded, umbilicate, glabrous, everywhere striate, livid-brown, hygro- phanous; gill slightly decurrent, not crowded, whitish; stem about 2 in. long and 1 line thick, glabrous, tough, tinged with brown, hollow. Agaricus (Omvlialia) striaepileus, Fries, Vet. Akad. Forh., 1861, p. 22 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 93; Cke., Illustr., pi. 288b. Among grass in woods, &c. Stem fistulose, rather firm, tough, up to 2 in. in length, 1 line thick, equal, often flexuous, even, glabrous, becoming brownish. Pileus membranaceous, convex then plane, umbilicate, 1 in. or a little more in breadth, everywhere elegantly striate, glabrous, livid-fuscous, hygrophanous, even and pallid white when dry, not floccose. Gills slightly decurrent, somewhat crowded, 1-1 J line broad, whitish, not becomiug grey. (Fries.) OMPHALIA. 389 Omphalia telmatiaea. Berk. & Cke. (figs. 10, 11, p. 301.) Pileus 1-3 in. across, flesh thin, pliant ; depressed and soon infundibuliform, margin broadly arched and drooping, dark umber, hygrophanous, pale buff and silky when dry ; gills decurrent, rather crowded, thin, about 1 line broad, pallid ; stem 1-2 in. long, equal, polished, grey, white and cottony at the base, hollow ; spores elliptical with an oblique apiculus, 7x4//. Agaricus (Omphalid) telmatiaeus, Berk, and Cke., Hdbk., p. 93 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 240. Agaricus (Omplialici) africatiis, Berk, in Cke., Hdbk., ed. i., no. 216 (not of Fries). Attached to Sphagnum in partly dried up swamps. Eeadily distinguished by the dark umber pileus when moist, and the bluish-grey stem. The pileus is frequently more or less waved at the drooping margin. The stem is attached to the sphagnum by white cottony mycelium. Gregarious. Omphilia Nevillae. Berk. Pileus h an in. across, hemispherical, depressed in the centre, rugose, minutely granulated at the disc, striate, brown, pale towards the margin when dry ; gills arcuately decurrent, white, interstices and sides veined and rugose; stem 1 in. high, not a line thick, brownish, stuifed, white within, rough with black granules, rather dilated at the base and clothed with villous hairs. Agaricus (^Omphalia) Nevillae, Berk., Grev., i. p. 89 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 101. On Sphagnum in an orchid pot. Somewhat resembling 0. affricata, hut not infundibuliform, nor variegated with pilose scales, while the gills are white, not cinereous. (Berk.) Probably an introduced species. Omphalia sphagnicola. Berk. Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh very thin ; umbilicate then deepl}'" infundibuliform, faintly striate and minutely squa- mulose, dingy ochraceous ; gills decurrent, narrow, rather distant, pale dingy ochraceous ; stem 1-2 in. long, up to 390 FUNGUS-FLOE A. 1 line thick, slightly wavy, glabrous, coloured like the pileus, hollow ; spores elliptical, 0x3^. Agaricus (Omjjlialid) spliagnicola^ Berk., Outl., p. 131 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 94 ; Cke., lUustr., pi. 289a. On S])liagnum in swamps, &c. Whole plant tough and elastic. Odour scarcely any. Pileus 1-1 2' in. broad, funnel-shaped from a very earl}'- stage of growth, faintly striate and minutely squamulose, dirty ochraceous, becoming darker in age; moist but not viscid; gills pale, decurrent, narrow, moderately distant, thick so as to present in front a flat edge. Spores white Stem 1-2 in. long, 1 line thick, hollow, somewhat crooked, smooth, except at lirst, when it is very minutely squamulose above : in age it is nearly pervious above. — This species agrees in many points with A. eficliysium, var. icmadojpliila, but its tough and elastic nature is so different, that I cannot but consider it distinct. The pileus is not membranaceous even on the edge, which must separate it from A. lyijxidatus. (Berk.) Omphalia philonitis. Lasch. Pileus J-J in. across, membranaceous, entirely deej)ly umbilicate, margin erect, not striate, hygrophanous, floccose when dry, smoky-grey ; gills deeply decurrent, rather distant, narrow, lanceolate, grey; stem hollow, 1^-2^ in. long, not more than 1 line thick, equal or attenuated upwards, glabrous, grey, base floccose. Agaricus (OmjyJialia) 2^1iilonit{s, Lasch, in Fries, Icon., t. 76, f. 1 ; Cke., Illustr., ph 289b ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 94. In swamps among Spliagnum, and on rotten wood. Differs from 0. oniscus and 0. epichysium in the longer stem, the deeply infundibuliform pileus not having even the margin reflexed, and in appearing in the spring. The gills are too white in Cooke's figure. Omphalia oniscus. Fr. Pileus up to 1 in. across, almost membranaceous, flaccid, fragile wdien old, convex with an umbilicus, or infundibu- liform, often irregular, undulato-flexuous, glabrous, dark- grey, jDaler when dr}^ even, hoary-grey; gills decurrent, rather distant, grey, darker when dry; stem stuffed, then hollow, rather firm but tough, about 1 in. long, 1 line or OMPHALIA. 391 more thick, round and curved, or compressed and ascending, undulate, grey. Agaricits (Omplialia) oniscus, Fries, Epicr., p. 123 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 94 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 209a. Among damp mosses, &c. Distinguished by the grey colour of every part. Allied to 0. pyxidata ; the latter, however, difiers in the yellowish- brown colour. 0. rustica differs in the shorter stem, and 0. striaej) ileus in the longer, slender stem. Omphalia caespitosa. Bolton. Pileus about ^ in. across, flesh thin, almost hemispherical, umbilicate, sulcate almost to the centre, margin crenate, smooth, pale ochraceous-white ; gills shortly decurrent, distant, rather broad, whitish; stem J-| in. long, nearly 1 line thick, almost equal, slightly bulbous at the base, coloured like the pileus, hollow. Agaricus caesjpitosus, Bolton, t. 41 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 94 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 209c. On banks. This species has been confounded with 0. oniscus, Fr., both in the " Handbook," ed. i., and by Fries himself. It is exactly the plant figured in the English edition of Bolton, but the German reprint is coloured quite differently. The colour is entirely of a delicate ochraceous-white. (Cooke.) Omphalia glaucophylla. Lasch. Pileus up to h in. across, membranaceous, infundibuliform, j)licately striate, almost glabrous, mouse-colour, hygropha- nous, becoming pale and almost even when dry ; gills de- current, rather distant, lanceolate, olive ; stem stuffed, firm. Agaricus (^Omplicdia) glaucojpJiylliis, Lasch, no. 217; Cke., Hdbk., p. 94. On the ground in woods. A small, and apparently distinct species, but comparatively rare and imperfectly described. Omphalia rustica. Fr. Pileus S-'o lines across, membranaceous, slightly convex, umbilicate, glabrous, striate, hygrophanous, nearly even, and slightly silky when dry, greyish-brown; gills decurrent, rather thick, equally narrowed at each end, grey, margin 392 FUNGUS-FLORA. arclied ; stem up to 1 iu. long, about 4 line thick, equal or thickened upwards, grey or brown, polished. Agariciis (OmiylialicC) rusticus, Fries, Epicr., p. 126 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 95. On the ground. Somewhat resembling 0. iimhellifera^ but distinguished by the gills being narrowed behind.* On sterile heaths and damp uncultivated places. Stem stuffed, short, J in. long, rarely more, \ line thick, equal or slightly incrassated upwards and also often hollow, polished glabrous, brown then grey, base rather downy ; pileus mem- branaceous, disc always truly and broadly umbilicate, the rest distinctly arched, up to J in. across, striate when moist, brown then grey, even when dry ; in some forms glabrous and becoming brownish, in others somewhat silky and hoar}' ; in the first form, which appears to be the young stage, the gills are adnate and brownish, slightly, and in the second form dee^Dly decurrent, rather distant in both, arcuate, broadest in the middle. Quite distinct from 0. iimheUifera. (Fries.) *** UmheUiferi. Omphalia hepatica. Batsch. Pileus ^-1 in. across, almost membranaceous, tough, rigid, convex and umbilicate, then infundibuliform, even, glabrous, rufous flesh-colour, yellow^ish-tan and somewhat shining when dry ; gills decurrent, distant, narrow, forked, rather thick, pallid ; stem about 1 in. long, 1 line thick, very tough and often compressed, brownish flesh-colour, hollow. Agaricus (Omphalia) liepaticus, Cke., Hdbk., jd. 95 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 2o0b. On lawns, by road sides, &c. Very much resembling 0. jyyxidata, but differing in being rather coriaceous, even margin of pileus, and absence of reddish tinge in the gills, Yery tough, flexible, stem hollow, very tough, about 1 in. long and 1 line thick, equal but dilated into the pileus at the apex, brownish flesh-colour, commonly naked, rarely with white meal. Pileus coriaceo-membranaceous, convex and umbilicate then infundibuliform, sometimes undulately OMPHALIA. 393 lobed, i-H in. broad, even, glabrous, rufons flesh-colour when moist, somewhat tawn^'-tan and rather shining when dry. Flesh fibrous. Gills deeply decurrent, distant, dis- tinctly connected by veins, narrow, whitish,'.becoming pallid (not flesh-colour), sometimes crisped. A very distinct species. (Fries.) Omphalia demissa. Fr. Pileus hygrophanous, about h in. across, at first convex, soon expanded and umbilicate, subcarnose, reddish grey or bufi^, at length pale, minutely mealy; margin crenulate ; gills decurrent, rather thick, flesh-coloured, especially towards the margin, forked, rather distant, slightly connected by veins; stem h in. high, 1 line thick, flexuose, of the same colour as the pileus, smooth, shining, solid ; spores oblong, oblique, 7 X o /x. Agaricus (Omphalia) clemissiis, Fr., Hym. Eur., p. 160 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 95 ; Cke., lUust., t. 250, fig. 1. Agaricus (Omjphalia) riifulus, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., no. 325. On the ground among moss, in exposed places. A very pretty and distinct species, with somewhat the habit of Ag. laccatus, but allied to Ag. pyxidatus. (B. & Br.) Pileus \ in. across, at first convex, soon expanded and umbilicate, subcarnose, reddish-grey or buff, at length pale, minutely mealy ; margin crenulate. Stem J in. high, 1 line thick, fiexuous, of the same colour as the pileus, smooth, shining, solid; gills decurrent, rather thick, flesh- coloured, especiall}^ towards the margin, forked, rather distant ; interstices veiny. Spores oblong, oblique. A very pretty and distinct species, with somewhat the aspect of Agaricus laccatus, but allied to Agaricus pyxidatus. (B. & Br.). Omphalia muralis. Sow. Pileus J-2 in. across, flesh thin, tough, umbilicate, margin arched, radiately striate, glabrous, reddish-brown ; margin crenulate; gills decurrent, narrowed at both ends, distant, pallid or white with a tinge of yello^v; stem ^-5 in. long, h line thick, glabrous, coloured like the pileus, stuffed. Agaricus muralis, Sow., t. 322 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 95 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 250c. On v/alls, sandy banks, &:c. 394 ruxGrs-FLOEA. Intermediate between 0. hepatka and 0. umhellifera ; dif- fering from the former in the pileus being striate when moist, and the gills not being connected by veins ; from the latter in^ the gills being narrowed behind. Known from O. rustlca in the absence of a grey tinge in the pileus and stem. Omphalia umbellifera. Linn. Pileus about f in. across, rather fleshy, convex then almost plane, often more or less wavy or upturned, radiately striate when moist, even and somewhat silky when dry ; margin at first incurved and crenate ; gills decurrent, very distant, broad behind, w^hitish or coloured like the pileus; stem about ^ in. long, 1 line thick, coloured like the pileus, base downy, imperfectly hollow. Agaricus {Omjplmlid) umhelUfenis, Cke., Hdbk., p. 96; Cke., Illustr., pi. 271. Agaricus umhelliferus, Linn., Suec, n. 1192. Li swamps, exposed pastures, &c. Colour variable, grey, yellow, browmish, green, &c. Fries says the colour is at first watery white, and shining white when dry, and that it sometimes grows on wood. Known among allied forms by the thicker, almost flat pileus, and the broad, almost triangular, very distant gills. The floccose substance of the pileus is thicker at the disc than. in allied species, hence the pileus is less membranaceous and the umbilicus smaller. Gills very broad behind, trian- gular, decurrent, very distant, margin straight, sometimes dichotomous, &c. Colour very variable, commonly whitish, shining white when dry ; in alpine regions, and on fir trunks clear yellow ; pileus usually whitish Avhen dry, often grey- ish in shady or scorched places and with the stem frequently velvety ; on rotten beech trunks and in some shady localities dark umber. (Fries.) Var. abiegnus^ B. & Br.; Cke., Illustr., jfl. 271c. Pale yellow. In considerable numbers on a very decayed fir-stump. Var. viridis, Flor. Dan., t. 1G72, f. 1 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 27lB. Every part pale green. OMPHALIA. 395 Var. myochrous, Fries, Hym. Enr., p. IGl. MeruUus fuscus, AYitlieiing, Arr., iv. p. 149. Pileus rather fleshy, glabrous, brownish umber ; stem strigose and rooting at the base ; gills somewhat branched. On sodden beech trunks. Omphalia infumata. B. & Br. Pileus obtuse, not membranaceous, greenish, then smoky; stem thin, yellow, gills few, broad, decurrent, distant, yellow. Agaricus (OmpJiaUa) infumatus, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., no. 1851 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 96. On bark among moss. Pileus 2 lines across ; stem 1 in. high, not a line thick, dilated at the base, tomentose, especially below ; gills about 12, with smaller intermediate. Allied to O.umbellifera, but quite distinct from all its varieties. (Berk, and Broome.) There is no specimen of the present species in the Ber- keley herbarium, Kew ; hence unfortunately the description of this and other minute species, for a like reason, is im- perfect. Omphalia buccinalis. Sow. Wholly white. Pileus about \ in. across, trumpet-shaped, soon plane or depressed ; gills deeply decurrent, triangular, distant, white. Agaricus huccinalis, Sow., Fungi, t. 107 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 96; Cke., Hlustr., pi. 272a. On twigs, &c. This is certainly no form of A. umhelliferus ; and it is too fleshy to be the same as A. stellatus. It is, as Sowerby says, not uncommon, and is in great perfection this Jan. 8, 1832. It has the habit of A. j^tyclwjphjUus, Cd., a species not noticed by Fries ; but the gills are not plicate. (Berk, and Broome.) Omphalia retosta. Fr. Pileus -i-§- in. across, flesh thin, plane then depressed, even when moist, polished and glabrous when dry, margin arched, incurved, entire, umber ; flesh ]oale umber ; gills slightly de- current, equally narrowed at both ends, distant, distinct, pale umber ; stem up to 1 in. long, 1 line thick, ec^ual, gla- brous, hollow, tough, paler than the pileus. 396 FUNGUS-FLORA. Agaricus {Omjilialia) retoshis, Fries, Epicr., p. 125; Cke., Hdbk., p. 96; Cke., H'lnstr., pi. 272b. Somewhat resembling the timber form of 0. umheUifera, but firmer, and the gills differ iu resembling the segment of a circle in outline, that is broadest in the middle, and gradu- ally narrowed to each end. Like 0. umhratilis in colour and form, but readily known by distant gills. Omphalia abhorrens. B. & Br. Very foetid. Pileus about J in. across, umbilicate, smooth, broAvn, becoming pale; gills narrow, decurrent, pale; stem about 1 in. long, slender, slightly thickened at the apex, coloured like the pileus. Agaricus (Om^lialia) ahJiorrens, B. and Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., no. 1853 ; Cko., Illustr., pi. 272c. ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 97. Among short grass, on lawns, &c. Allied closely to 0. retosta, but clearly distinct, apart from its disgusting smell ; stem sometimes pruinose when young. (B. & Br.) Omphalia pseudoandrosacea. Bull. Whitish or greyish. Pileus about h in. across, flesh verj^ thin, convex or ^expanded, deeply umbilicate, and at length infundibuliform, striately plicate, glabrous, margin crenu- late ; gills deeply decurrent, distant, distinct, rather triangu- lar ; stem about 1 in. long, not h line thick, equal, stuffed. Agaricus pseudoandrosaceus, Bulliard, t, 276 ; Cke., Illustr., l^L 251a; Cke., Hdbk., p. 97. Amono; short o-rass. Allied to 0. griseo-pallida, but much more slender. Diff'ers from 0. grisea in the umbilicate or infundibuliform pileus. Omphalia griseo-pallida. Desmaz. Pileus up to J in. across, flesh thin, convex then plane, umbilicate, even, glabrous, somewhat shining, hygrophanous, broT\Tiish-grey becoming hoary, often unequal and excentric, margin drooping but not incurved ; gills decurrent, broadest behind, distant, rather thick, colour of the pileus when moist, when dry becoming not pale as usual, but darker ; stem up to J in. long, thin, equal or slightly thickened upwards, rather firm, glabrous, brown, rather hollow when old. OMrHALIA. 397 Agariciis (Omphalia) griseo-paUida, Desmazieres, Crypt., no. 120; Cke., Hdbk., p. 97; Cke., Illustr., pi. 241b. On naked ground. Somewhat resembles 0. umhellifera and 0. rustlca. but dis- tinguished from both by the pileus not being striate when moist. Omphalia stellata. Fr. White. Pileus up to h in. across, truly membranaceous, convex, umbilicate, pellucidly striate, glabrous; gills de- current, rather distant, distinct, thin, not triangular ; stem usually less than 1 in. long, very slender, fragile, stuffed then hollow, often curved, base dilated and radiately strigose or hairy; spores elliptical, 6-7 X 4 /;t. Agaricus (Omplialia) stellatus, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 163; Cke., Hdbk., p. 97; Cke., Illustr., p. 241c. On rotten trunks, wood, &c. Gregarious. Allied to 0. integrella, but distinguished by the broader gills. Distinguished from Omphalia umhellifera by being more slender, pileus generally excentric, and sceneral form. & II. MYCEXARII. * Campanellae. Omphalia campanella. Batsch. Pileus about J in. across, membranaceous ; campanulately convex, sometimes becoming expanded, umbilicate, striate, hygrophanous, rusty -yellow, gills decurrent, rather crowded, connected by veins, yellowish ; stem about 1^- in. long, not a line thick, smooth, horny, bay, tapering and with tawny down at the base, hollow. Agaricus campanella, Batsch, Fr., Syst. Myc, i. p. 166; Cke., Illustr., pi. 273, f. 1 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 98. In fir woods, often on fir trunks. Stem horny, rigid, fistulose, 1-2 in. long, scarcely a line thick, glabrous, bay; base attenuated and rooting, tawny, strigose. Pileus membranaceous, tough, campanulate, soon convex ; umbilicate, about ^ in. across, yellow-ferruginous, hygrophanous. Gills deeply decurrent, arcuate, rather 398 FUNGUS-FLORA. crowded, beautifully connected by veins, yellow, not pminose, sometimes veined. (Fries.) Var. badipus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 162; Cke., Hdbk., p. 98 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 273b. Stem stuffed, somewhat iibrillose, base slightly bulbous and with tawny down. On the ground ; gregarious. Pileus 3-11 lines across, broadly campanulate, sometimes quite plane, of a beautiful yellow, inclining to ferruginous, edge slightly silky; gills yellow; stem 1-2 in. high, i-1 line thick, scarcely fistulose, yellow above, then rufescent, clothed with little yellow scales, thickest below, and there covered with a dense tawny tomentum. (Cooke.) Var. papillata^ Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 162. Pileus acutely conical, at length becoming depressed round the umbo. On the ground, in pine woods, &c. Var. myriadea^ Kalchb., in Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 162. Usually about half the size of the typical form ; densely caespitose, pale tawny, gills pale brick-red with a flesh tinge. Covering 2:>ine trunks and imparting a velvety appearance owing to their numbers. This var. has not vet been recorded for Britain. Omphalia picta. Fr. Pileus 3-5 lines across, up to 7 lines high, membranaceous, cj'lindrico-camparjulate, fuscous, disc umbilicate, usually yellow, the perpendicular sides striate, margin entire, paler ; gills adnate, subdecurrent, from the singular form of the pileus, very broad, higher then broad, distinct, distant, whitish then tinged yellow ; stem 2-3 in. long, very slender, horny, rigid, stuffed, straight, glabrous, bay, base discoid, apex slightly thickened, paler. Agaricus {Omj;jlialia) pidus, Fries, Epicr., p. 126 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 98 ; Cke., Hlustr., pi. 272c. On fallen twigs and branches. There are two forms as follows: — B. Pileus conical, papillate ; C. smaller, umbilicus obsolete, disc coloured like rest of pileus ; stem slender, and without the expanded mem- branaceous disc at the base. Among fallen pine leaves. (Fries.) OMPHALIA. 399 Omphalia camptophylla. Berk. Pileiis about h in. across, flesli very tliin; convex, then expanded, deeply striate, disc brown, pale and greyish towards the margin ; gills white, ascending for some distance from the front then abruptly decurrent ; stem about 2 in. high, very slender, equal, minutely downj^, whitish, with radiating base, minutely fistulose. Agaricus (Omjjlialia) camptoijliylliis, Berk., Outl., p. 133 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 98 ; Cke., lUustr., pi. 210a. On sticks, &c. Solitary or subgregarious. Pileus J in. broad, brown, with a grey margin, stem 2 in. or more high, not a line thick, with a few white fibres, under a lens minutely but beauti- fully pubescent ; base radiate-strigose, at first yellow, when full-grown pale above, pale rufescent below. (Berk.) Omphalia grisea. Fr. Pileus about h in. across, almost membranaceous ; cam- panulate then convex, slightly joapillate, and at length a little umbilicate, not becoming truly expanded, glabrous, striate, hygrophanous, livid-grey then hoary; gills shortly decurrent, distant, distinct, broad, rather thick, greyish- white; stem up to 3 in. long, 1 line thick, apex slightly thickened, round, straight, even, glabrous, greyish-white, not rooting, rather firm, cartilaginous, soon hollow; spores 7-8 X 4 /x. Aqaricus (^Omphalia) griseus. Fries, Epicr., p. 127 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 99 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 210b. Among grass in woods, &c. Recalling to mind CantJiarellus devexus, but difi'ering in the more numerous, broader gills. Omphalia um.bratilis. Fr. Pileus about 1 in. across, almost membranaceous, obtusely campanulate, then convex, umbilicate, glabrous, blackish- brown, margin slightly striate ; gills very slightly decur- rent, arcuate, crowded, broad, narrowed at both ends, white with a brownish tinge ; stem 1-8 in. long, about 1 line thick, equal, even, glabrous, blackish-brown, tough, tubular, tube stuffed ; spores elliptical, 7 X 5 /x. Agaricus (Omphalia) iimhraiilis, Fries, Epicr., p. 127; Cke., Hdbk., p, 99 ; Cke., Jllustr., pi. 274a. 400 FUNGUS-FLOEA. Sides of ditclies and damp places. Gregarious, tough, hygrophanous ; pileus lioary when dry. Somewhat resembling 0. retosta, but distinguished by the crowded gills. Omphalia fibula. Bull. Pileus up to ^ in. across, membranaceous, margin of pileus drooping then expanded, sometimes truly conical and papil- late, usually umbilicate and at length quite infundibuliform, hj'grophanous, glabrous, striate when moist, pale when dry, orange-yellow, but sometimes brownish or entirely white ; gills deeply decurrent, distant, distinct, broad, whitish ; stem 1-1 2^ in. long, very slender, coloured like the pileus, stuffed then hollow ; spores elliptical, 4-5 x 2 w. Agaricus fibula, Bulliard, Champ. France, 186, f. 1 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 99 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 274b. Damp places among moss, &c. Also usually abundant on ground that has been burnt. Very slender and delicate, but tough, very elegant. Stem usually very slender and weak, but sometimes, especially in Alpine districts, more robust and straight. Pileus 1-6 lines broad, at first hemispherical, the margin inflexed, then plane ; more or less depressed, yellow or tawny with a dusky centre, obscurely striated, the whole minutely pilose. Gills yellowish or white, distinct, not ventricose, decurrent. Spores wliite, round. Stem 1-1 i in. high, not a line thick, slender, 3-ellow, or tawny with a violet-brown apex, the whole minutely pilose like the j^ileus and obsoletely fibrillose. (Berk.) Var. Swartzii, Pries, Monogr., i. p.l7; Cke., Hdbk., p. 99; Cke., Illustr., pi. 274b. About the size of the typical form, but differing in the almost plane, whitish pileus with a brown disc, stem whitish, apex tinged with violet ; altogether firmer ; spores elliptical, 4x2. On the ground. Omphalia directa. B. & Br. Very minute, nail-shaped, pileus rarely 1 line across, flat at the apex, white; gills decurrent, white; stem rather wavy, not 1 in. high, very slender, whitish with a tinge of rufous, clad with long hairs at the base. OMPHALIA. 401 Agaricus (Omplialia) direda, Berk, and Broome, Ann. Nat. Hist., no. 1931 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 100 ; Cke., Illustr., jdI. 251a. On dead leaves ; gregarious. Stem slightly rufous, thread-like, not an inch high. (B. and Br.) Omphalia belliae. Johnst. Pileus about i in. high and across, membranaceous, dry, top-siiaped, infundibuliform, mouth partly closed by the incurved margin, pale wood-colour; gills decurrent, thick, paler than the pileus, interstices veined; stem about 1^ in. long, not 1 line thick, equal, cartilaginous, brownish below, pale above, hollow, adhering by a white cottony base. Agaricus helliae, Johnston, Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. i., vol. vi., t. 10, f. 1 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 251a ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 100. On dead stems of reed. Eeadily recognised by the jDeculiar form of the pileus. Omphalia gracillima. Weinm. Snow-white. Pileus 1-3 lines across, membranaceous, somewhat downy or ilocculose, sulcate ; gills decurrent, rather distant, thin ; stem about h in. high, very slender, base cottony. Agaricus gracillimus, Weinm., Ross., p. 121 ; Cke., Hdbk., j). 100; Cke., Illustr., pi. 252, f. 1. On decaying herbaceous stems, and in damp places. A very delicate species, drying up, white, rather flocculose when young ; stem minutely hollow, as thin as a hair, soft, 3-6 lines long, base cottony ; pileus membranaceous, hemi- spherical, sometimes umbilicate, sometimes papillate, never turned up, 2-3 lines broad, flocculose then almost glabrous, manifestly striate when moist. Gills decurrent, thin, rather distant, alternate ones shorter. Agreeing in many points with 0. sfellata, but more delicate, pileus at first flocculose, form, and thin gills distinguish it. (Fries.) Omphalia buUula. Brig. Wholly white. Pileus 1-2 lines across, membranaceous, even, hemispherical, diaphanous ; gills arched, decurrent ; stem not 1 in. long, very slender. VOL. JI. 2 D 402 FUXGUS-FLORA. Agaricus hullula, Briganti, t. IG, f. 1 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 100 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 252b. On dead sticks. Somewhat resembling 0. infegrella, distingnislied by the even, diaphanous pilens, and the broader gills. {Scattered. ** Integrelli. Omphalia integrella. Pers. "White. Pilens 2-4 lines broad, membranaceous, conical when yonng, soon hemispherical, often deformed, expanded, disc depressed, then .V in. and more across, margin striate; gills decnrrent, narrow, fold-like, distant, nsnally disappear- ing within the margin of the pilens, equal or branched as in Cantharellus, but with the margin acute ; stem up to 1 in. long, slender, fistulose, rather firm, pilose below, base often attached by a minute downy bulb. Agaricus (^Omphalici) iiitegrellus, Pers., Icon. Pict., t. 13, f . 5 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 100; Cke., Illustr., pi. 252c. On rotten wood, leaves, grass, and on damp ground in shady places. Small, commonly fasciculate, especially when growing on wood, w^hen the stem is incurved, fragile, variable in form, entirely white. (Fries.) CLITOCYBE. Fries, (figs. 14, 15, p. 301.) Pileus generally fleshy at the disc, and becoming thin towards the margin, flexible or tough, for the most part piano-depressed or infundibuliform, margin involute ; gills more or less decnrrent or adnate ; never sinuate ; stem central, externally compactly fibrous, somewhat elastic, stuffed, often becoming hollow ; veil either forming a downy silkiness on the pileus, or obsolete ; spores elliptical or sub- globose, smooth. Clitocyhe, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 70 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 45 (as a subgenus of Agaricus). Undoubtedly the most difficult genus, so far as the limita- tion of species is concerned, that is included in the Agaricinae. CLITOCYBE. 403 Differs from Omj^lialia in the stem beinp; of a fibrous texture externally, and not compact and polished, or cartilaginous. Triclioloma differs in the gills being sinuate or rounded behind. Collybia also differs in the adnexed or almost free gills being rounded behind, and in the cartilaginous stem. Terrestrial, often clustered. ANALYSIS OF TEE SPECIES, Group A. Pileus fleshy, often becoming pale when dry, but not hygrophanous. Flesh firm, not waterj^, nor splitting into two layers. Differs from Series B. in becoming pale and minutely silky when dry. I. DiSCIFORMES. Pileus somewhat equally fleshy; convex, then plane or depressed, obtuse ; gills at first adnate or regularly adnato- decurrent. Normally solitary. * Pileus grey or brownish. ** Pileus violet or rufescent. *** Pileus yellowisli. "**** Pileus greenish or pallid. ***** Pileus white, becoming shining white. Eequire to be carefully distinguished , from the white hygrophanous species, and from the white species of Paxillus. II. DiFFORMES. Pileus fleshy at the disc, margin thin, umbonate at first, then expanded and depressed, irregular. Gills unequallj'' decurrent, long in some places, short in others ; sometimes rounded or adnexed on one side, as in Triclioloma. Stem somewhat cartilaginous outside, but fibrous, caespitose, often connate, form very variable, sometimes quite solitary. 2 D 2 404 FUNGUS-FLORA. III. Infundibuliformes. Pileus becoming thin towards the margin from the fleshy disc, at length entirely infundibuliform or the centre deeply Timbilicately depressed, Stem spongy, externally fibrous. Gills descending, deeply and equally decurrent from the first. Pilens often becoming discoloured or pale, but not hygro- phanous. * Pileus coloured, or growing pallid, superficiallj'' (at least under a lens), innately flocculose or silky, absorbing the moisture, hence not moist. ** Pileus coloured or pallid, glabrous, moist in rainy weather. *** Pileus shining white, with scattered superficial flocci, then almost glabrous. Group B. Flesh of pileus thin, truly hygrophanous, soft, watery. lY. Cyathiformes. Flesh of pileus thin (consisting of two separable sheets), disc not compact, hygrophanous, depressed then cup-shaped ; gills adnate at first, then decurrent, descending, straight. Colour dingy when moist. V. Orbiformes. Pileus somewhat fleshy, hygrophanous, convex then flattened or depressed, polished, not squamulose nor mealy ; gills plane, horizontal, crowded, thin, adnate or with a decurrent tooth. Colour dingy or watery, becoming pale. * Gills greyish or olive. Pileus at first dark. ** Gills whitish. Pileus becoming pale. VI. Versiformes. Pileus thin, convex then deformed, tough, more or less squamulose or furfuraceous ; gills adnate, broad, rather thick, for the most part distant and powdered with white. * Pileus squalid or brownish with dark squamules. ** Pileus bright, all one colour. CLITOCYBE. 405 I. DISCIFOEMES. * PUeus grey or hroivnisTi. Clitocybe nebularis. Batsch. Pileiis 2-4 in. across, flesh white, very thick at the disc and gradually becoming thinner towards the margin ; con- vex, often obtusely gibbous, greyish soon pale and livid ; gills slightly decurrent, arcuate, crowded, rather narrow, white then pallid ; stem 2-3 in. long, up to J in. thick, slightly attenuated upwards, whitish, iibrillosely striate, firm, stuffed; spores elliptical, 6 x 3'o /x. Agaricus nebularis, Batsch, Elen., f. 193; Cke., Hdbk., p. 45 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 79. In woods, among dead leaves, &c. Esculent. Stem 3 in. long, about 1 in. thick, white. Pileus 3-5 in. broad, clouded with grey, or dingy brown, at length grey, sometimes pruinose. (Cooke.) Gregarious, subcaespitose, tough, somewhat cartilaginous. Stem solid or stuffed, fleshy-fibrous, 2-3 in. long, in pine woods, 2-3 in. in damp mixed woods, 4-6 lines thick, almost equal but often twisted and curved, glabrous, dingy white, apex more or less powdered with white meal. Disc of pileus truly fleshy, but becoming thin towards the margin, convex then plane, obtuse, or when young distinctly gibbous, some- times symmetrical and regular, at others flexuous and waved, even, glabrous, rather hygrophanous, 1-3 in. across, smoky- brown, soon livid or grey when dry, never virgate. Flesh hyaline when moist, becoming white when dry. Gills adnate in the regular form, but when the pileus is irregular, decur- rent or rounded ; crowded, distinct, greyish-white from the first. Smell none. (Fries.) Clitocybe clavipes. Pers. Pileus lh-2h in. across, rather convex at first, soon plane, at length almost obconical, very obtuse, even, glabrous, dry, sometimes all one colour, brown, sooty, livid-grey, &c., sometimes whitish towards the margin, very rarely entirely white ; flesh loose in texture, white, thin at the margin; gills deeply decurrent, continued do\\n the stem 406 FUNGUS-FLOKA. as straight lines, rather distant, flaccid, quite entire, broad, entirely and persistently white; stem 2 in. long, base J in. and more thick, conically attenuated upwards, rather fibrillose, livid, sooty, solid, spongy within, spores ellip- tical, 6-7 X 4 /x. Agaricus clavijjes^ Pers., Syn., p. 353 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 45 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 80. In woods, especially pine. Eesembling C. nehularis in colour, but quite distinct. Smell pleasant, entire substance soft and elastic. (Fries.) Clitocybe comitalis. Fr. Pileus about 1^ in. across, fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, even, glabrous, rather moist but not hygrophauous, every part coloured alike, sooty-umber, almost black; flesh firm, white ; gills very slightly decurrent, horizontal, plane, thin, crowded, white ; stem 2-3 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, equally attenuated upwards from the base, glabrous, sooty, elastic, stufl'ed ; spores elliptical, 7-8 x 4 ju,. Agaricus comitalis, Fries, Monogr., i. p. 5 ; Fries, Icon., t. 47, f. 2. Damp places among mosses in pine woods, &c. Distinguished by the blackish colour of the almost flat pilens, and the very slightly decurrent gills. Somewhat allied to C. clavijjes, but firmer, smaller, and inodorous. Clitocybe gangraenosa. Fr. Pileus fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, whitish, at first sprinkled with white powder, then naked, variegated, vir- gate ; gills slightly decurrent, arcuate, crowded, dingy white ; stem somewhat bulbous, soft, striate, spongy, solid. Agaricus (^Clitocybe) gangraenosiis, Fries, Epicr., p. 56 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 45. In woods. Stinking ; large, flesh becoming blackish and variegated with black. Stem curved, sometimes excentric. Pileus whitish, here and there greenish, livid, &c. (Fries.) Pileus whitish, livid, at length turning jet-black. (Cooke.) Var. nigrescenS; Lasch., Linn., vol. iv. n. 521 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 46. Whitish ; pileus thin, soft, at first convex, obtuse, then CLITOCYBE. 407 plane, somewhat nmbouate, and somewhat depressed ; gills decurrent, very much crowded, narrow ; stem solid, downy. In larch j)lantations. Pileus 2-3 in. broad, stem Ij-li in. long, 2-3 lines thick. Odour rather sweet, taste unpleasant. (Cooke.) Clitocybe polius. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh ^ in. and more thick at the disc, gradually thinning out towards the margin; convex then plane, often obtusely gibbous especially when young, glabrous, pale grey, not hygrophanous ; gills rather deeply and equally decurrent, closely crowded, very narrow, white ; stem 2-3 in. long, h in. or more thick at the base, slightly attenuated upAvards, glabrous, whitish, solid. Agaricus {CUtocijhe) polius, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 80 ; Fries, Icon., p. 44, t. 48, fig. 1. Agaricus fumosus, var. polius, Cke., Hdbk., p. 52 (exclu. syn., Saund. & Sm., t. 13). In woods. Caespitose, clusters sometimes small, at others consisting of numerous individuals connate at the base ; the first con- dition is the typical one, more regular, stem solid, rather fleshy (not cartilaginous), equal, or slightly thickened at the base, straight, glabrous, 2-3 in. long, white. Pileus fleshy, orbicular, convex then flattened, 1 in. and more broad, even, glabrous, pale grey, opaque, not hygrophanous. Flesh white. Gills equally decurrent, very much crowded, exceedingly narrow, quite entire, white. The second forms luxuriant clusters of large size, stems very numerous, con- nate at the base, thinner and often flexuous ; pileus thinner, often irregular from mutual pressure. The superficial appearance and analogous form suggest that the present sj^ecies might be a form of C fumosa, but the structure is very different. C. polius is fleshy ; C. fumosa somewhat cartilaginous, apex of stem pruinose, pileus at first sooty then livid, somewhat hygrophanous ; flesh hyaline, whitish Avhen dry. Gills irregularly decurrent, greyish- white. (Fries.) Clitocybe inornata. Sow. Pileus 3-4 in. across, flesh thick, white ; plane or de- pressed, obtuse, even, smooth, cuticle separable, pale dingy 408 FUNGUS-FLOE A. greyisli-tan with a tinge of olive; gills slightly decurrent, 2 lines broad, crowded, plane ; stem about 1 J in. long, 4-6 lines thick, nearly equal, longitudinally rugulose, firm, greyish. Agaricus inornahis, Sow., t. 342 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 46 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 246a (copied from Sowerby). Among grass. A species that has not been met with since Sowerby's time, and consequently not well understood. Clitocybe hirneola. Fr. Pileus about J in. across, flesh thin, plane then depressed, umbilicate, very even, shining, slightly viscid when fresh, cuticle minutely silky, hoary ; tough, dry, grey then whit- ish; gills slightly decurrent, crowded, thin, rather broad, greyish-white; stem up to 2 in. long, scarcely 1 line thick, equal, flexuous, elastic, glabrous, grey, apex with white meal ; spores elliptical, greyish- white, 5 x 3 /x. Agaricus (Clitocyhe) hirneolus, Fries, Epicr., p. 58 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 246 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 46. Among moss and grass by roadsides, &c. Small, gregarious, tongh, but not hygrophanous, Var. major, Fries, Monogr., i. p. 103. Pileus, IJ in. broad, undulated, somewhat zoned, whitish, ** Pileus violet or rufescent. Clitocybe cyanophaea. Fr. Pileus 3-4 in. across, rather flesh}' ; convex then plane, obtuse, glabrous, brownish with a blue tinge ; gills deeply decurrent, crowded, violet becoming pale; stem about 3 in. long, h in. across at the thickened base, attenuated up- wards, bluish when young, apex abruptly white, solid, glabrous. Agaricus (^Clitocybe) cyanoioliaeus^ Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 82. Agaricus nudus^ Harz , t. 30. In woods, &c. Somewhat resembling Triclwloma nudum, but distinct in the deeply decurrent gills, &c. Var. Pengelleyi, B. & Br., Cke., Hdbk., p. 46 ; Cke., H- lustr., pi. 264. CLITOCYBE. 409 It is possible that this form may be specifically ilistinct ; but though it differs so much from the figure given by Gon- nerman and Eabenhorst, the characters answer so well to those which are given in Hym. Eur., that we do not consider it at present distinct. It occurred on two occasions ; the abrupt white apex of the stem is very remarkable. (B. and Br.) The so-called variety only appears to differ from the typical form in having the stem attenuated at the base. Clitocybe opiparia. Fr. Pileus 2-4 in. across, flesh thick, white ; convex then plane, obtuse, even, glabrous, shining, yellowish red ; gills slightly decurrent, crowded, whitish ; stem 2-3 in. long, J in. and more thick, more or less equal, Avhitish, solid. Agaricus (Clitocyhe') opiparius. Fries, Epicr., p. 59 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 382; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1183. Among moss under trees, &c. Stem solid, fleshy, firm, not elastic, 2-3 in. and more long,' ^-1 in. thick, equal or slightly attenuated at the base,, glabrous, white. Pileus flesh}^ convex then expanded, obtuse, 2-4 in. broad, even, at first with scattered fibrils, but soon very glabrous, without a separate pellicle, becoming pale but not hygrophanous, rosy flesh-colour, gilvous, or fleshy tan-colour ; flesh compact, white, unchangeable. Gills equally narrowed behind, acute, adnate or adnato-decurrent, crowded, usually connected by transverse veins, 3-4 lines broad, white. Smell not remarkable, taste pleasant. (Fries.) Clitocybe amara. Fr. Taste very bitter. Pileus 1^-2^: in. across, flesh rather thick at the disc, margin thin, convex then plane, obtuse, or sometimes slightly umbonate, dry, rufescent or yellowish tawn}^, slightly flocculoee ; gills slightly decurrent, about \\ line broad, crowded, white; stem about 2 in. long, 4-6 lines thick, tough, white, floccose then almost glabrous, solid ; spores elliptical, 4 x 2 /x. Agaricus (^Clytoajhe) amarus, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 87; Cke., Hdbk., p. 47; Cke., Illustr., pi. 134a. In woody places. A very distinct species, but the variable colour of the pileus is misleading. Varies to rufous-brown, whitish rufous, 410 rUXGUS-FLOEA. paler towards the margiu. Stem about 2 in. long, I in. thick. Pileus often unequal and wavy, not polished under a lens ; flesh firm but not thick. Taste very bitter. (Fries.) Clitocybe socialis. Fr. Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh rather thick at the disc ; convex, soon expanded, rather acutely umbonate when young, then usually obtuse with age, even, glabrous, pale yellowish- red or almost flesh-colour; gills very slightly decurrent, scarcely crowded, becoming yellowish ; stem about 1 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, ascending, glabrous, reddish, solid. Agaricus (Clitocybe^ socialis, Fries, Icon., p. 47, pi. 49; Cke., Hdbk., p. 47 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1o4b. On fallen pine leaves. A very pretty species, densely gregarious, inodorous. Stem solid, fibrous, usually ascending, 1 in. long, 1 line or a little more thick, base thickened and rooting among pine leaves, strigose as in Marasmius loeroiiatiis. Flesh of pileus thin, white, convex then expanded, acutely umbonate, espe- cially when young, about 1 in. broad, even, glabrous, dry, reddish or for the most part reddish-yellow. Gills plano- decurrent, not crowded, becoming yellowish. (Fries.) *** Pileus hecoming yelloicisli. Clitocybe amarella. Pers. Smell strong ; taste very bitter. Pileus about 2 in across, plane, firm, somewhat umbonate, glabrous, reddish-^'cllow or pale faw^n-colour, glabrous ; gills slightly decurrent, crowded, pallid with a grey tinge, dichotomous, somewhat shining ; stem about 2 in long, 2 lines thick, tough, equal, base with white down, solid. Agaricus amarellus, Persoon, Myc. Eur., iii. p. 99; Cke., Hdbk., p. 47. Among grass (a doubtful native). The taste is bitter and disgusting, the smell like that of prussic acid. (B. & Br.) Clitocybe vernicosa. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh rather thick, convex then ex- panded, regular, obtuse but depressed when old, even, glabrous, shining deep yellow, margin incurved ; flesh white ; . CLITOCYBE. 411 gills slightly dccurrent, equally narrowed beliiiid, rather distant, yellow; stem about 1 in. long, 3 lines thick, equal, even, glabrous, yellow, firm, tough, stuffed. Agaricus (Clitocyhe) vernicosus, Fries, Epicr., p. 60 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 47 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 265a. In larch woods, &c. Superficially resembling TricJioloma cerinum^ but easily dis- tinguished by the gills not being crowded, but truly decur- rent, and not sinuate. Stem stuffed, firm, tough, 1 in. long, about 3 lines thick, equal, glabrous, yellow ; pileus flesh}^, convex then expanded, obtuse, 1-2 in. and more across, even, glabrous, shining, yellow with a red tinge, margin involute ; flesh firm, white ; gills adnato-decurrent, equally attenuated behind, yellow, rather distant. (Fries.) Clitocybe venustissima. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh coloured ; convex then plane, obtuse, margin even when young then striate and elegantly crenate, glabrous, orange with a tinge of red, becoming ]Dale ; gills decurrent, rather distant, coloured like the pileus ; stem 1-1| in. long, 1-2 lines thick, smooth but not polished, equal, glabrous, reddish-orange, stuff'ed then hollow ; spores ellip- tical, smooth, 6 X 3*5 /x. Agaricus (Clitocybe) venustisssimus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 289 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 265b. ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 47. Among rotten pine leaves, &c. Gregarious, inodorous, slenderer than C. vernicosa ; stem stufied when young, then hollow, H in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal, glabrous, reddish-orange, base with white down. Pileus slightly fleshy, convex then expanded, regular, obtuse or somewhat umbilicate when old, 1-2 in. broad, silky, smooth, shining tawny, or reddish-orange, but becoming pale, margin sometimes even, sometiDies crenate in large forms. Flesh similarly coloured. Gills truly decurrent, rather distant, golden yellow with a red or tawny tinge. (Fries.) Clitocybe subalutacea. Batsch. Pileus 1-2 in. across, fleshy, soft, convexo-plane then de- pressed, obtuse, unequal, glabrous, yellowish, becoming pale ; gills adnato-decurrent, broad, rather distant, whitish ; stem 2 in. long, stufied, firm, elastic, naked. 412 FUNGUS-FLORA. Agaricus suhahitaceus, Batsch, f. 194; Cke., Hdbk., p. 48. Under trees. Stature of C. venustissima, but firmer and the stem longer. Pileus becoming pale. Smell weak, resembling aniseed, or obsolete. (Fries.) **** Pileus greenish or pallid. Clitocybe odora. Sow. Fragrant. Pileus about 2 in. across, flesb rather thick, tough ; soon plane and wavy, even, smooth, pale dingy green, silky when dry ; gills adnate, rather close, broad, greenish or pallid; stem about 1-H in. long, 2 lines thick, base in- crassated, elastic, stuffed ; spores elliptical, 6-8 x 4-5 /x. Agaricus odorus, Sowerby, t. 42 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 48 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 101. In woods. Readily distinguished by the strong, aniseed smell, dingy bluish-green pileus, and the pallid or greenish gills. Sometimes somewhat caespitose. Tough; size variable, colour varies between pale green and aeruginous-grey, usually all coloured alike, but the gills are sometimes white ; smell pleasant, spicy, especially when dry. (Fries.) We consider A. viridis, Withering, to be the same species, although Fries regards them as distinct. (Cooke.) Clitocybe Trogii. Fr. Smell very fragrant, spicy. Pileus aboTit 2 in. across, flesh rather thick at the disc, becoming thin towards the margin, convex then expanded, obtuse, glabrous, minutely silk}^, uniform greyish-white, dull and opaque ; gills slightly decurrent, crowded, about IJ line broad, whitish; stem about 1 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, almost equal, whitish, base downy, solid. Agaricus (^Clitocybe) Trogii, Fries, Epicr., p. 59 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 48 ; Cke., Illustr.', pi. 102. Among leaves. Agreeing with C. odora, in the fragrant, spicy smell, but known by the dingy pale grey, not green pileus, and the stouter build of the entire fungus. CLITOCYBE. 413 The colour approaching that of C. mefacJiroa. Very fragrant. (Cooke.) Clitocybe rivulosa. Pers. Pileus 1-3 in. across, flesh thin, convex then plane and depressed, obtuse, often undulately lobed, dingy flesh-colour or rufescent, becoming pale, glabrous, then covered with a whitish down; gills slightly decurrent, broad, rather crowded, pinkish white; stem about 2 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, rather fibrillose, tough, elastic, whitish, stufted ; spores elliptical, 6 X 3 • 5 )u. Agaricus rividosus, Persoon, Syn., p. 369 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 48 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 200a. Among grass by road-sides, &c. Mossy joastures, road-sides &c. From its variability in size and colour not usually recognised; solitary or caes- pitose, most luxuriant in late autumn during rainy weather. Stem stuffed, pith spongy, often becoming hollow, tough, elastic, 1-2 in. long, about 3-4 lines thick, equal, somewhat fibrillose, becoming whitish. Pileus fleshy, rather thin, convex, then plane, at length depressed, never umbonate, regular when young, 1-2 in. across, but becoming succes- sively expanded, and at length o-i in. across, wavy, undu- lately lobed, at first with whitish, closely adpressed down, at length truly broken up and downy; margin at first incurved, downy ; at first with a tinge of flesh-colour, but becoming white when old and dry, sometimes tinged brownish ; flesh compact, white ; gills obliquely acute behind, not equally attenuated, adnate then somewhat decurrent, broad, rather crowded, with a flesh-colour tinge, then whitish, smell pleasant, taste sweet. (Fries.) Var. Neptuneus, Batsch, Elench., fig. 18; Cke., Illustr., pi. 200b. Smaller than the tyj^ical form. ***** Pileus white y shining ivhen dry. Clitocybe cerrusata. Fr. Pileus li-3 in. across, flesh thick at the disc, becoming thin towards the margin ; convex then almost plane, obtuse, even, minutely floccose then almost glabrous, white; gills adnate, then decurrent, very much crowded, thin, perma- 414: FUNGUS-FLORA. nently white ; stem about 2 in. long, 3-5 lines thick, smooth, tough, elastic, naked, spongy and solid, white. Agaricus {Chjtocijbe) cerrusatus, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 92 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 49; Cke., Illustr., pi. 121. Among dead leaves, &c. Taste mild, smell almost obsolete. Stem rather thickened at the base and often tomentose. Pileus said to be gibbous, but not umbonate nor becoming rufescent. Gills not changing to yellowish. (Fries.) Entirely w^hite, inodorous, taste sweet, stem solid, fibrous, elastic, 2-3 in. long, base thickened and more or less covered with white down, naked upwards, smooth. Peleus fleshy, convex then expanded, obtuse or gibbous, 2-3 in. broad, even, glabrous, floccosely fibril! ose at first, margin involute, downy. Flesh soft, white. Gills adnate then slightly decurrent, crowded, thin, quite entire, narrow, never tinged with yellow. (Fries.) Var. difformis. Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 8G; Cke., Hdbk., p. 49; Cke., Illustr. pi. 122. Caespitose ; often very large, j^ileus undulately lobed ; stem short, longitudinally rugose ; gills at length pallid. The pileus is sometimes adpressedly floccose at first, from 2 to 7 in. across in the same cluster, the larger stems 1 in. thick and long. (Fries.) Clitocybe phyllophila. Fr. AVhitish-tan. Pileus 1-3 in. across, rather fleshy, convex then plane, becoming umbilicate and depressed, sometimes wavy, smooth and even; gills thin subdistant, white then tinged with ochre, rather broad, very slightly decurrent; stem 2-3 in. long, equal, stufi'ed then hollow, whitish, tough, silky-fibrillose ; spores 6 X 4 /x. Agaricus (^Clytocyhe) ^)hjlloi:>Mlu8, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 87 ; Cke., Illustr., t. 81. (Colour too white, both pileus and gills.) Among leaves in woods, &c. Somewhat caespitose, tough, not at all hygrophanous, smell scarcely observable. Stem elastic, fibrous externally, stuifed with a spongy pith which sometimes disappears, leaving the stem hollow, always tough, base incurved (but not bulbous) downy, from 2-3 in. long, for the rest very CLITOCYBE. 415 variable, sometimes erect, sometimes decumbent, at times glabrous above, white. Pileiis flesby, convex then j^lano- depressed, obtuse, but never truly infundibuliform, often excentric and repand, 2-4 in. across, pale tan then pallid- white (same colour both moist and dry), surface with a ver^' delicate silky down, silky towards the margin. Gills adnate, slightly decurrent, 2-3 lines broad, scarcely crowded, white at first then becoming pallid or almost whitish-tan. (Fries.) Clitocybe pithyophila. Fr. White. Pileus l-i-S in. across, flesh thin, more or less plane and umbilicate, often becoming waved and lobed, hygrophanous, becoming shining white when dry, glabrous ; gills slightly decurrent, about 2 lines broad, crowded, per- sistently white ; stem about 2 in. long, 2 lines thick, equal, often compressed, white, glabrous, base downy, imperfectly hollow. Agaricus (^Clitocybe) pithy opliilus. Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 87 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 49 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 103a (colour too pallid- tan, both pileus and gills). On the ground in pine woods, &c. Gregarious or slightlj'' caespitose. Allied to C. pliyllo])lulaj but distinguished by the persistently vv^hite gills and white pileus. Smell i^leasant. G. tuba closely resembles the present species, but differs in the deeply decurrent gills. Gregarious, somewhat caespitose, white, but watery when moist, somewhat hygrophanous, in which respect it differs from C. phyllophiliis, which is the same colour moist and dry ; stem imperfectly hollow, round then compressed, equal, even, glabrous, base (not bulbous), with white down. Pileus thin, almost plane, umbilicate, at length deformed, wavy and undulately lobed, 2-3 in. broad, even, glabrous, flaccid, whitish when moist, shining-white when dry, margin slightly striate when old. Gills adnate, slightly decurrent, very much crowded, plane, 2-3 lines broad, distinct, quite entire, white. Smell not remarkable. (Fries.) Clitocybe tornata. Fr. White. Pileus 1-2 in. across, disc fleshy, remainder thin, flesh white ; orbicular, flattened or somewhat depressed round the gibbous disc, at length minutely downy, somewhat shining; gills very slightly decurrent, horizontal, crowded ; 416 FUNGUS-FLORA. stem about Ij in. long, I5-2 lines tliick, equal, glabrous but not polished, slightly striate, tough, stuffed ; spores ellip- tical, 4-6 X 3-4 fjL. Agaricus (CUtocyhe) tornatus. Fries. Syst. Myc., i. p. 91 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 103b; Cke., Hdbk., p. 50. In woods, &c. Distinguished among allies by its small size, and regularity of form. Stem stuffed, tough, fibrous, 1| in. long, lii-2 lines thick, equal, or attenuated towards the base, round, glabrous but not polished, Avhite, base downy. Disc of pileus fleshy, the remainder thin, convex then flattened, at length de- pressed round the gibbous disc, 1-2 in. across, absolutely dry, entirely white, properly glabrous, but somewhat silky from the agglutinated veil, as in C. rivulosa ; at length the surface slightly broken up and downy. Flesh white. Gills hori- zontal, entirely adnate, with a decurrent tooth, plane, very crowded, 1 line or more broad. (Fries.) Clitocybe candicans. Pers. Entirely white. Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh thin, convex then plane or slightly depressed, umbilicate, regular or slightly eccentric, even, with an adpressed silkiness, shining, shining white when dry; gills adnate then slightly decurrent, crowded, very thin, narrow, straight ; stem 1-2 in. long, 1-2 Hues thick, even, glabrous, cartilaginous, polished, equal, hollow, base incurved, rooting, downy; spores broadly elliptical or subglobose, 5-6 X 4 /x. Agaricus candicans, Persoon, Syn., p. 456 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 82 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 50. Among damp fallen leaves, &c. Entirely white, small, rather tough; approaching Om- jilialia in the structure of the stem. The following form is described by Fries as occurring in pine woods. Stem thin, flexuous, base glabrous ; pileus plane, not umbilicate, naked (without silky down). Gills scarcely de- current. A remarkable form but scarcely to be separated as a species. (Fries.) Clitocybe dealbata. Sow. Pileus l-lj ill' across, flesh thin, dry, white, tough; convex then plane, at length upturned and wavy, always CLITOCYBE. 417 dry, even, glabrous, rather sliining, at length minutel}^ mealy under a lens, white; gills adnate, scarcely decurrent, thin, crowded, white ; stem about 1 in. long, 2 lines thick, equal, often ascending, whitish, apex mealy, stuffed, often becoming hollow, entirely fibrous, white; spores elliptical, 4-5 x 2'0 fJL. Agaricus dealhatus, Sowerby, t. 123 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 50 ; Cke., Illustr., pL 104. In sunny places aaiong grass, &c. A form often occurs on old mushroom beds. Small, sweet, inodorous, or nearly so, tough, entirely white, rileus orbicular, or irregular and wavy. C. ericetorum differs in the distant, decurrent gills. Solitary or often caespitose. Var. minor, Cke., Hdbk., p. 50; Cke., Illustr., pL 173. Smaller and more elegant than the typical form, pure white, pileus opaque ; smell like meal. Among dead leaves. Gregarious, Clitocybe gallinacea. Scop. "\Vhite ; acrid. Pileus 1-1 1- in. across, rather fleshy at the disc, margin thin ; convex then depressed, but not infundi- buliform, even, dry, opaque ; gills slightly decurrent, narrow, crowded, thin; stem about 1^^ in. long, 2 lines thick, equal, even, solid. Agaricus gallinaceus, Scopoli, Carn., p. 433 ; Cke., Hdbk., p, 50 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 174. Among grass, moss, &c. Strong odour. (Cke. ) Eesembling CI. dealbata in form, but smaller, opaque, dingy white, taste somewhat acrid. Stem solid, but not cartilaginous, about 2 in. long, equal, ascending or flexuous, excentric, at first floccosely mealy, always opaque, white. Pileus slightly fleshy, convex then plane, not depressed, obtuse, -^-l in. broad, unequal, dry, pruinosely hoary ; flesh white, compact, but thin. Gills adnato-decurrent, thin, crowded, plane. (Fries.) VOL. II. 2 E 418 F UN G U S-FLOK A. II. DIFFOEMES. Clitocybe decastes. Fr. Densely caespitose. Pileus 5-12 in. across, soon almost plane, disc gibbous or obtuse; margin at first shortly in- curved, then expanded, very much waved and often lobed, even, glabrous, dingy-brown or livid ^vhen moist, pale cla}^- colour when dry; flesh exceedingly thin except at the disc, whitish; stem 4.-7 in. long, J-1^ in. thick, Ufcually slightly thinner upwards, rather soft, entirely fibrous, solid, white, usually curved and ascending, coalescent into a solid mass at the base; gills adnato-decurrent, or often more or less adnexed, up to h in. broad, rather narrowed towards the the margin, offen wavy; spores globose, smooth, 4 /x diameter. Agaricus (ChjtGcijhe) decastes, Fries, Epicr., p. 65; Cke., Hdbk., p. 51 ; Fries, Icon., t. 52. On the ground. In open grassy places on the ground, forming dense tufts containing in some instances as many as 40 individuals. The stalks are entirely fibrous and easily split into longi- tudinal shreds. The pileus reaches up to 1 foot in diameter, flesh very thin, margin much waved and often distorted from mutual pressure, glabrous, smoky-brown, or livid, shining as if oiled. The stems are usually more or less grown together at the base. The tufts are usually much smaller when growing, in woods. Clitocybe subdecastes. Cke. & Mass. Clustered. Pileus 1 J-24- in. high and broad, flesh rather thin; campanulate or convex, very obtuse, even smooth, pale ochraceous at the disc, becoming paler and whitish towards the more or less lobed margin ; gills slightly rounded behind, adnate, 2-3 lines broad, narrower in front, rather crowded, white; stem 4-5 in long, ^— f in. thick, equal, fibrillose, whitish, base smooth; spores globose, 4-5 /t diameter. Agaricus {CUtocyhe^ subdecastes, Cke. and Mass., Cke., Hdbk., p. 36d ; Cke, Illustr., pi. 958. On the ground. CLITOCYBE. 419 Several stems are frequently grown together at the base. Pileus not becoming much expanded, and often irregular from mutual pressure. A very fine and distinct species. One of the many interesiiDg fungi found by the late Dr. Carlyle, of Carlisle. Clitocybe ampla. Pers. Pileus 3-6 in. across, flesh thick at the disc, becoming thin towards the margin, when young almost cartilaginous and tough, convex then plane, somewhat gibbous, unequal, wavy ; lax when old, even, glabrous, rarely virgate, sooty Avhen moist and young, then livid, hoary or slightly silky when dry; stem solid, stout, np to 6 in. long, 1 in. thick, nearly equal, but often tw^isted, naked, white, apex downy, fleshy-fibrous internally, but the surface polished and some- what cartilaginous; gills often rounded on one side and decurrent on the other, up to 1 in. broad, rather distant, often crisped when young, more or less serrulate, at first smoky horn-colour then whitish. Agarkus (Clitoci/he) amplus, Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 95 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 365. In woods among moss, &f . Gregarious, sometimes in small clusters. Usually very large (pileus 1 foot broad, stem 6 in. long, 1 in. thick, gills up to 1 in. broad), but also smaller. Pileus somewhat gibbous, never depressed, sooty then livid, sometimes very smooth, at others virgate, hoary and somewhat silky when dry. Gills often sinuate on one side, rather crisped and serrulate. Stem slightly thickened at the apex, slightly downy. Smell none. (Fries.) Clitocybe aggregata. Schaeff. Pileus 2-4 in. across, flesh thin, flaccid ; convex then ex- panded, often gibbous, wavy and olten very irregular, silkily virgate or minutely wrinkled, greyish livid or pale yellow- rufescent, becoming pale ; gills unequally decurrent, crowded, broad, pinkish-yellow or pallid ; stems often growing to- gether at the base, variable in size, unequal, somewhat flbrillose, thinner at the base, pinkish-yellow or whitish. Agarkus ag(freqatus, Schaeffer, t. 305 and 306; Cke., Hdbk., p. 51 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 182. In oak woods ; on sawdust, kc. o P o 420 FUNGUS-FLOKA. Caespitose, very irregular, often eccentric, lobed; liabit almost that of Pleiirotus ostreatus. Stem elongated or short, reddish-white. Pilens greyish-livid then rufescent, often marked with darker spots. Eeadily distinguished from C. decastes by the flaccid, often excentric pileus, and the yellowish flesh-coloured, somewhat fibrillose stem and gills. (Fries.) Clitocybe elixus. Sow. Pileus 2-4 in. across, flesh thick at the disc, becoming thin towaids the margin, at first umbonate, then flattened and depressed, margin more or less wavy, minutely downy and streaked, disc smoky-buff", margin paler, marked with dingy spots ; gills decurrent, distant, whitish ; stem 1-1^ in. high, |- in. thick, sometimes more, about equal, coloured like the j)ileus, solid ; spores elliptical, white, 7 X 4 /x. Agaricus elixus, Sowerby, Fung., t. 172: Cke., Hdbk., p. 51 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 280. In woods. Solitary. Pileus becoming pale and slightly silky ; gills unequally decurrent, connected by veins. (Fries.) Pileus 2 in. broad, at first very strongly umbonate, ob- conical, at length flat or even depressed, with the border flexuous, not the least involute in any stage of growth; disc fuliginous, very minutely virgate; border whitish, with dingy sodden spots. Stem 1 in. high, f in. thick, or 2 in. high and -| in. thick; sometimes short and stout, sometimes much elongated, dingy like the pileus, clothed with matted down which reaches up to the base of the gills, often smooth at the base, which is buried amongst leaves and attached to them by the downy mycelium ; solid, mottled within, slightly discoloured beneath the cuticle; gills very distant, decurrent, white, interstices more or less veined. Spores elliptic ; spicules long. Much eaten by slugs. This is certainly quite a distinct species from Ag, camanophyllus, to which Fries refers it. The gills are by no means thick ; they are narrow and white, not glaucous. The whole plant in moist weather is like a sponge sodden with water. It does not appear to me to have any affinity with Hygrophoriis. When young the pileus has quite the form of Gomj>Mdius glutinosus. (Berk.) CLITOCYBE. 421 Clitocybe fumosa. Pers. Pileus 1-3 in. across, fleshy, margin tliin ; convex, often oibbous when young, regular or wavy, even, pellicle not separable, glabrous, sooty-brown, soon livid or grey when dry ; gills adnate in regular forms but often decurrent when the pileus is irregular, crowded, distinct, greyish-white from the first ; stem 2-3 in. long, 3-6 lines thick, almost equal, often twisted or curved, glabrous, dingv white, apex mealy, solid, fibrous; spores subglobose, 5-6 fx diam. Agaricus fumosus, Persoon, Syii., p. 348; Cke., Hdbk., p. 51 ; Cke., Illustr., pis. 175 and 645. In woods. Gregarious, somewhat caespitose, tough, rather cartila- ginous. Known from CL elixa by the truly obtuse pileus, which is never virgate, often regular. Smell none. (Fries.) Clitocybe tumulosa. Kalchbr. Caespitose. Pileus 1-2 in. across, disc fleshy, margin thin; conico-convex then expanded, obtusely umbonate or obtuse, even, glabrous, brownish-umber, becoming ^oale ; margin drooping; gills more or less decurrent or slightly emarginate, crowded, narrow, wdiite, then greyish ; stem 3-5 in. long, unequal, usually thicker below, minutely downy, pallid, solid. Agaricus (Glijtocyhe) tumulosus, Kalchbrenner, Hym. Hung. Icon., pi. 5; Cke., Hdbk., p. 52 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 105. On the ground in woods. Readily distinguished by the densely clustered habit, and the umber pileus. The gills are very variable, sometimes distinctly decurrent, at others rounded behind, and almost resembling a Triclioloma. Clitocybe pergamena. Cooke. Densely tufted. Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thick at the disc, thin elsewhere ; pallid like vellum, rather cartilaginous, convex then plane, obtusely umbonate, smooth, even ; gills broadly adnate with a decurrent tooth, 2 lines broad, rather crowded, white ; stem 4^5 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal, ascending with a cartilaginous coating which often cracks up in flaps, whitish, squamulose at the apex, solid. Agaricus (^Glitocyhe) pergamenus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 52; Cke., Illustr., pi. 643. 422 FUNGUS-FLORA. On stumps. Readilj distinguislied Ly tlie densely tufted habit, and growing on wood. The distinctly cartilaginous stem suggests the genus Omphalia, but the gills are not truly decurrent. Clitocybe cryptarum. Letell. Densel}^ caespitose. Pilous somewhat conical, depressedly iloccose, spotted with brown ; gills rather decurrent, narrow, arcuate, white ; stem white, rather striate, virgate, attenuated upwards, more or less comjiressed, narrowly fistulo>e. Agaricus cryiAarum, Letellier, Champ., p. 92, f. 88 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 52. On sawduftt. Habit that of C. tumulosa. Pileus varying much in size, according to the dimensions of the clusters. Inodorous, insipid; stem mottled wirhin. (Berk. & Broome.) A doubtful si^ecies, respecting which little is known ; Berkeley and Broome consider that they met with the species intended by Letellier. Fries, on the other hand, considers that it may be a form of Colhjhia fusipes. Clitocybe opaca. Fr. White. Pileus li-2i- in. across, flesh thickish at the disc, ^ery thin elsewhere, convex, then expanded, umbonate, often depressed round the umbo, wav}^ even, opaque, minutely flocculose ; gills adnate with a suggestion of being decurrent, closely crowded, about l^^ line broad, white; stem lJ-2-^7 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, unequal, somewhat fibrillose, wavy, stuffed. Agaricus (Clitocyhe) opacus, Fries, Hym. Fur., p. 93 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 52; Cke., lUustr., pi. 176. In woods. Solitary or caespitose and grown together at the base. Closely allied to C. cerrusata, with which it was once joined, and differing mainly in the umbonate pileus. Clitocybe occulta. Cooke. Pileus lh-2h in. across, flesh rather thick at the disc, thin elsewhere, white ; convex then plane and depressed, even, smooth, but innately streaked or virgate, viscid, pallid, smoky about the disc, whitish at the margin ; gills adnate and very slightly decurrent, scarcely emarginate, white. CLITOCYBE. 423 about Ih line broad; stem l|-2 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, equal or" slightly expanded into the pileus, white, iibrillosely striate, often curved, solid. Agaricus (Clitocyhe) occultus, Cke., Grev., xix. p. 40 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 382; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1184. Gregarious on charred ground. Substance while, tough, cartilaginous. Known by the viscid pileus and scarcely or not at all decurrent gills. Clitocybe monstrosa. Sow. Pileus 1 h-2h in across, flesh rather thick, at first convex and umbonate,"at length waved and lobed, white, opaque as if whitewashed ; margin incurved ; gills scarcely rounded behind, but not truly decurrent, rather distant, white or cream-colour; stem up to 1 in. long, h-l in. thick, com- pressed, solid, streaked, opaque white, slightly rooting, downy-squamulose above. Agaricus monstrosus, Sowerby, t. 283; Cke., Hdbk., p. 53 ; Cke., Illustr., jA. 648. On the ground. Often densely caespitose, and then not compressed. (Cooke.) III. INFUXDIBULIFORMES. * Pileus coloured, or hecoming imllid, silA-y. Clitocybe gigantea. Sow. Pileus 6-10 in. across, flesh rather thin in proportion to the size of the fungus, white, or tinged with tan, glabrous, -when moist, slightly flocculose when dry; margin involute then spreading, glabrous, rather coarsely grooved; gills slightly decurrent, broad, very much crowded, branched and -connected by veins, whitish then pale tan-colour, not sepa- 3ating spontaneously fiom the hymenophore ; stem 1-2 in. long and nearly the same in thickness, equal, pallid, solid; spores white, 5 X 3 /x. Agaricus giganieus, Sow., t. 224. Agaricus (Clitocyhc) giganteus, Fries, Monogr., i'., p. 118; Cke., Hdbk., p. 53; Cke., Illustr., pi. 106. Paxillus giganteus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 401. In woods, &c. 424: FUNGUS-FLOEA. Hj'iuenopliore not horny. A very distinct species, very sliowj', large, subcaespitosey entirel}" whitisli tan-colonr ; without close affinities. Stem solid, compact and firm inside and outside, 2 J in. long, 1-2 in. thick, equal, even, glabrous. Pileus depressed from the first, then broadly, i.e., plano-infundibuliform, thin but equally fleshy, soft, not flaccid, but easily sj^litting from the margin towards the centre (almost papery and involute when old), upwards of a foot broad, often excentric and generally sinuately lobed, moist and adpressedly downy when growing, slightly flocculose and cracked into squamules when dry ; margin at first very thin, involute, pubescent, soon spreading, glabrous, at length re volute, coarsel}^ sulcate, or radiatety rugose; gills slightly decurrent, closely crowded, almost 3 lines broad (2-3 times as broad as thickness of flesh of pileus), connected by veins, thin, fragile, straight^ but sometimes varying to crisped and anastomosing, whitish then yellowish or tinged with rafous, smell weak. (Fries.) Clitocybe maxima. Giirtn. & Mey. Pileus 6-lt in. and even a foot across, disc flesh}^ remainder thin, rather flaccid, broadly infundibuliform, somewhat umbonate, dr}', pale tan or whitish, surface becoming slightly silky or downy, margin even ; gills deeply decurrent, rather crowded, soft, whitish ; stem 3-4 in. long, 1 in. thick, attenuated upwards, fibrillose, whitish, solid; spores 6 x4/x. Agaricvs mciximm, Qjirtn. and Mej'er, Fl. AVett., p. 329 ; Cke., Hdbk,, p. 53; Cke., lllustr., pi. 135. Woods and pastures. From the large size and colour, often confounded with CI. gifjanteus, with Avhicli the present is not truly allied. Much larger than CI. infundibuliformis. Stem solid, compact, but spongy within, elastic up to 4 in. long and 1 in. thick, attenuated upwards, fibrillo^ely striate, whitish. Pileus- fleshy, disc compact, remainder thin, rather flaccid, not splitting as in CI. giganteus, broadly infundibuliform, umbo central, gibbous, up to 1 foot across, always very dry, hence the surface is silky and almost even or squamulose, pale tan- '•oiour or whitisli ; margin involute, pubescent, always even. Flesh white, at length soft. Gills deeply decurrent, acu- minate at both ends, somewhat crow^ded, soft, simple, whitish, CLITOCYBE. 425 not changeable. Smell weak, pleasant, almost as in CL giganteiis. (Fries.) Clitocybe infundibuliformis. Scliaeff. Pileiis np to 3 in. across, disc fleshy, remainder thin ; when yonng quite firm, convex then depressed, umbo gibbous, margin involute, softer and flaccid wlien adult and entirely infundibuliform, with a silky sheen, yellowish flesh-colour then bufi*, becoming pallid ; flesh soft, white ; gills truly decurrent, rather crowded, much narrowed and acute at both ends, soft, white ; stem 2-3 in. long, 3-5 lines thick, stufied, externally firm, elastic, conically attenuate, rarely equal, pallid, bas3 with white down ; spores 5-6 X 3-4 /jl. Agaricus (Clitocybe) infundihuUformis^ Cke. Illustr., pi. 107 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 54. Agaricus infundibuliformis^ Schaefier, t. 212. Among moss in fields and woods. Smell pleasant ; disc fleshy, margin thin, not moist, but rather silky under a lens, colour variable, as in most sj)ecies- in the present section, more or less rufescescent or flesh- colour, passing through buff to whitish, &c., but not white at first. Var. membranaceous, Fries, Monogr., i. p. 24; Cke., Hdbk., p. 54 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 646. Differs from the typical form in every part being more slender ; stem equal ; pileus not umbonate and brighter in colour. In pine woods. Clitocybe trullaeformis. Fr. Pileus about 2 in. across, flesh equal, snow-white, infun- dibuliform, margin flat and speading, always obtuse, floc- cosely downy, dry, greyish-brown, not changing coloiir ; gills truly decurrent, distant, connected by veins, 2-3 lines broad, shining white; stem about 2 in. long, stuffed, firm, elastic,, attenuated upwards, fibrillosely striate, grey, downy below. Agaricus (^Chjtocybe) trullaeformis, Fries, Epicr., p. 68 ; Cke-,. Ildbk., p. 54. Among grass, bushes, &c. Smell scarcely evident, resembling C. cyatliiformis in general form, and in the colour of the stem and pileus, but differs in. 42(5 FUXGUS-FLORA. not being liygroplianons, flesli snow wliite, and gills shining white. The rather distant gills, which are connected by veins, ^nd infundibuliform pib^ns, distinguish this species, which is not hygrophanous. (B. and Br.) Clitocybe incilis. Fr. Pilens about 2 in. across, flesh thin, plane and umbilicate, then infundibuliform, even, silky-flocculose, appearing almost glabrous when young, obtuse, almoat brick-red colour, the incurved margin crenate ; gills more or less decurrent, ar- cuate 2-3 lines broad, distant, connected by veins, white then pallid, but not yellow; stem generally about h in. long, 2-3 lines thick, or more when compressed, usually thinner down- wards, brick-red, at first with a very delicate mealy down, fibrous, tough, unequal, hollow; spores elliptical, 7 X 4 ^u,. Agaricus (^Clitocybe) incilis, Fries, Epicr., p. 69 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 54; Cke., Illustr., p. 281a. On the ground in woods, &c. A variable species, sometimes with a mealy smell, some- times without smell. Clitocybe sinopica. Fr. Smell strong, resembling new meal. Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh thin, soon plane and slightly depr* ssed, umbili- -cate, dry, at first glabrous then flocculose, dry, brick-red then becoming pale ; gills sliglitly decurrent, very much crowded, rather broad, white then yellowish; stem J -2 in. long, 1^ line thick, equal, rather fibrillose, coloured like the pileus, stuffed. Agaricufi (^CUtocyhe) sinojpicus, Fries, Sj^st. Myc, i. p. 83; €ke., Hdbk., p. 36(3; Cke., Illustr., pL 647. In woods, chiefl}^ on scorched places. Small, appearing in spring or summer^ Easily distin- guished by the strong smell of new mf-al. Varies slightly or deeply umbilicate. Pileus at first red, appearing even and glabrous, then evidently flocculoso and becoming pale. Allied to C. incilis, which differs in the hollow stem, mar- gin of pileus incurved and slightly crenate, and the slightly ilecurrenl, distant gills connected by veins. (Fries.) CLITOCYBE. 427 Clitocybe parilis. Fr. Pileus about ^ in. across, plane, depressed at the disc, ato- mate, disc flocculose, not striate, greyish-white, not hygro- phanons ; gills deeply decurrent, very much crowded, narrow, greyish-white ; stem about 1 in. long and 1 line thick, equal, even, glabrous, naked, greyish-brown, tough. Agaricus (^Clitocybe) jjarilis, Fries, Epicr., p. 09 ; Cke., II- lus'r., pl. 281b. On the ground in woods. Slightly hygrophanous, but not becoming white. (Cooke.) ** Pileus coloured or iKiUid, glabrous. Clitocybe geotropa. Bull. Pileus 2-5 in. across, flesh thick, white ; convex, then plane and finally more or less depressed, obtusely umbonate, the prominence 'remaining after the ])ilens becomes depressed, very smooth, even, margin thin, incurved, downy, pale pinkish-tan or buff; gills decurrent, crowded, narrow, simple, white, then coloured like the pileus ; stem 3-5 in. long, 1 in. or more thick at the base, slightly attenuated upwards, com- pact, fibrillose, coloured like the pileus or 2:)aler, solid ; spores elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5 /x. Agaricus geotrofms, Bull., t. 573, f. 2 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 53 ; Cke.', Illustr., pl. 83. In woods and on their borders. Often in riugs or troops. Differs from C. maximia in being firmer, glabrous, and €olour much more variable ; from C. gilva in the thinner pileus, less crowded gills, and white flesh. Pileus li-3 in. across, truly fleshy, convex then piano-de- pressed, usually gibbous, oven, very smooth, moist in rainy weather, tlesh-coloured tan, with drop-like spots when young, these however usually disappear with age, margin thin, pu- bescent, inflexed ; flesh white; gills deeply decurrent, simple, 2—3 lines Vu'oad, somewhat crowded, white hecoming pallid ; stem solid, fleshy, not elastic, 2-3 in. long, slightly attenu- ated upwards, slightly fibrillose, white, then tinged yellow. (Fries.) Clitocybe spinulosa. Stev. & Sm. Pileus li-3 in. broad, creamy flesh-colour, flesh v, convex. 428 FUNGUS-FLORA. then plane or depressed, gibbous or umbonate, leathery, smooth, edge even and incurved, flesh white ; gills deeply decurrent, single, rather crowded, white, then light yellow ; stem 2-3 in. long, solid or stuffed, attenuated from the thick- ened base, fibrillose, whitish, zoned with crowded spots of the same colour as the pileus ; spores spinulose, 9 fx diameter. Agaricus (^CUtocyhe) spimdosus (Stev. & Smith), Stev., Brit. Fung., v. i. p. 84. A. suhinvolutus, Saund. & Sm., t. So. Among grass by waj'side. Odour sweet and pleasant. Growing in large patches, singly or two or three together. The spinulose spores mark this as a distinct species. It differs in habit from A. geotropus, which has smooth spores. (Stev.) Clitocybe subinvoluta. Batsch. Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh at the disc, margin thin ; pileus convex then dejDressed, obtuse, smooth, even, pale tan-colour or with a brick-red tinge ; margin involute ; gills 1 J-2 lines broad, decurrent, pale tan ; stem about 2 in. long, J-1 in, thick, nearly equal, longitudinally grooved, slightly downy at the apex, tinged reddish, solid; flesh like that of the pileus, white. Agaricus suhinvolutus, Batsch, Conspt., t. 204; Cke., Hdbk., p. 55; Cke., Illnstr., pi. 108 (not of \V. G. Smith, nor of Fries). In fir woods, &:c. The above description belongs to the species of Batsch, not of W. G. Smith, in Saunders and Smith, pi. 36. The last- named differs from Batsch's fungus in the spinulose spores and concentric, coloured zones on the stem. C. gilva differs in the ochraceons flesh and closely crowded gills. C. geotropa is distinguished by the umbonate pileus. Clitocybe gilva. Pers. Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh rather thin, pale ochraceous, as is also that of the stem ; convex, soon depressed and often wavy, but not truly infundibuliform, obtuse, smooth, moist, pale dingy ochraceous ; gills decurrent, up to 2 lines broad, closely crowded, thin, often branched, pallid then ochraceous; stem up to T in. h>ng, .1 ii'.. tlduk, glabrous. CLITOCYBE. 429 coloured like the pileus, solid; spores siibgloLose or very broadly elliptical, 4—5 /x. Agaricus gilvus, Persoon, Syn., p. 448 ; Cke., Hdbk., p, 55 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 136. In j)ine woods. &c. Distinguished by the ochraceous colour of every part, also the flesh. A stouter plant than C. splendens ; C. in- versus differs in the rufescent gills, and C. fiaccidus in the thin, flaccid, infundibuliform pileus, and the subflexuous, longer stem. Clitocybe splendens. Pers. Solitary. Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh rather thick, white ; plane then depressed or infundibuliform, glabrous, shining, yellowish ; gills deeply decurrent, narrow, crowded, simple, white ; stem about 1 in. long, 3 lines thick, glabrous, coloured like the pileus, solid, slightly thickened at the base or equal. Agaricus splenderts, Persoon, Syn., j)- 452 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 56 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 109 (small form). In woods, among pine leaves, &c. Stem solid, lJ-2 in. long, 4-5 lines thick, sometimes equal and straight, at others thinner at the base and ascending, even, glabrous, coloured like the pileus. Pileus slightly fleshy, thin especially towards the shortly reflexed margin, plano-depressecl, and at length infundibuliform, 3 in. across, even, glabrous, shining, gilvous then yellowish. In some specimens the pileus is excentric, and the greater part of the margin wavy. Gills deeply decurrent, thin, crowded (but less so than in C. gilva), simple, white, but with a yellow tinge when old. Intermediate between C. gilva and C.fiaccida. The typical form of C. gilvus differs in the compact pileus, often with drop-like markings, the very much crowded, somewhat branched, pale ochraceous gills and flesh. (Fries.) Clitocybe inversus. Scop. Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thin ; fragile ; convex, soon infundibuliform, margin involute, glabrous, even, rufescent or dull brownish-orange, gills decurrent, simple, pallid then rufescent ; stem about 1 J in. long, 2 lines thick, glabrous. 430 FUNGUS-FLORA. rather rigid, paler than the pileus ; stuifed, soon hollow ; .spores siibgiobose, 4 yu, diam. Agaricus inversus, Scopoli, Carn., p. 445 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 56; Cke., Illustr., pL 84. Among leaves, &c. Gregarious, subcaespitose, forming very large tufts, espe- cially late in the autumn, deformed. Smell peculiar, slightly acid. Stem sometimes stuffed, usuall}^ hollow, hence compressed, rather rigid and corticated outside, not elastic, -without a bulb, glabrous, whitish; the somewhat rooting base with white down, and often growing together in tufts, variously deformed, curved, ascending, &c. Pileus fleshy, rather fragile, convexo-plane, obtuse then infundi- buliform and undulate, 2-3 in. broad, even, very glabrous, moist when growing, but not exuding drops, brick-red, or liver-coloured rufous, margin bent down, sometimes excen- tric. Flesh not thick but compact, coloured like the pileus. Gills truly decurrent, scarcely 2 lines broad, crowded, simple, whitish, the margin at length becoming coloured like the pileus. (Fries.) Clitocybe flaccidus. Sow. Pileus 2-3 in, across, flaccid, orbicular, umbilicate, umbo persistently absent, margin spreading, arched, glabrous, even, rarely cracking into minute squamules, tawny ferru- ginous, shining, not becoming pale ; flesh thin, pallid, rather fragile when fresh, but quite flaccid when dry; gills deeply decurrent, arcuate, crowded, narrow, about 1 line broad, white then tinged yellowisb ; stem imperfectly hollow, elastic, tough, 1-2 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, somewhat equal, polished, naked, reddish rust-colour, base thickened, downy ; spores subglobose, 4-5 x 3-4 fx. Agaricus flaccidus, Sowerby, t. 185; Cke., Hdbk., p. 56; Cke., Illustr., pi. 123. Among leaves, &c. Gregarious, stems often connate at the base. Sometimes solitary and regular. Var. lobatus, Sow., t. 185; Cke., Hdbk., p. o6; Cke., Illustr., pi. 137. Caespitose, darker in colour ; pileus lobed or contorted at the margin. CLITOCYBE. 431 Clitocybe vermicularis. Fr. Pileus slightly fleshy, iimLilicate then reflexed, infundi- "buliform, wavy, even, glabrous, red, then pinkish-tan; gills decurrent, closely crowded, thin, white ; stem hollow, soon compressed, glabrous, shining, white. Agaricus (Clitocybe) vermicularis^ Fries, Epicr., p. 72; Cke., Hdbk., p. 367. In pine woods, &c. Moist, rather fragile, pileus at first a pretty red, then flesh-coloured tan (almost hygrophanous), very often undu- lately lobed. (Fries.) Clitocybe senilis. Fr. Pileus about 2 in. across, flesh thin, infundibuliform, glabrous, concentrically cracked, dingy greyibh tan-colour, margin straight, spreading; gills decurrent, about 1 line broad, crowded, white, then coloured like the pileus; stem l-lvV in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal, glabrous, whitish, solid; spores elliptical, 5-6 X 4 ju. Agaricus (Clitocybe') senilis, Fries, Icon., p. 53, pi. 56, f. 1 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 56; Ckc., Illustr., pi. 110 (an uncracked form of). In pine woods, &c. Gregarious, inodorous. Stem solid, equal, 1^-2 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, often ascending, glabrous, whitish, base naked. Pileus with thin flesh, flaccid, disc depressed when young, soon infundibuliform, 2 in. and more across, con- centrically cracked, margin not reflexed. Colour difficult to describe, dingy clay-colour. Gills deeply decurrent in straight lines, narrow, very much crowded, white at first then coloured like the pileus. (Fries.) The form figured is not identical with that given by Fries in his " Icones," although it accords fairly with the descrip- tion, except for the absence of concentric scars, and its colour. The Eev. M. J. Berkeley considers it a variety. [Found on a lawn.] (Cooke.) *** Pileus shining ichite. Clitocybe catina. Fr. Pileus about 2 in. across, flesh thick at the disc, becoming quite thin towards the margin ; plane then infundibuliform. 432 . FUNGUS-FLORA. dry, glabi'ous, white at first, with a tinge of flesh-colour in rainy weather, pallid or yellowish when dry and old ; gills decurrent, crowded, white ; stem li-3 in. long, 3-5 lines thick, slightly incrassated at the base, white, elastic, solid. Agaricus (Clitocijhe) catimis, Fries, Epicr., p. 72 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 57 ; Cke., Illustr., pL 111, Among dead leaves. Stem stuffed, spongy inside, elastic, tough, 3 in. long, ^ in. thick, in the Swedish form thickened and downy at the base. Flesh of pileus thin, plane then infundibuliform, always obtuse, even, glabrous, 2 in. broad, at first white, then distinctly pale fle;?h-colour during rain, pale tan in dry weather. Flesh flaccid, white. Gills decurrent, descending in straight Hues, broader than in neighbouring species, and less crowded, persistently white. Allied to C. infundibuliformis, having the same pleasant smell, but differs in being white at first, pileus never gibbous, glabrous; but when young with superficial down, which soon disappears. Clliocybe pliyllopMla differs in the pileus never being infundibuliform, slender stem, adnate gills, and absence of smell. (Fries.) Clitocybe tuba. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thin, convexo-plane, umbilicate, even, the extreme margin even, never striate, whitish when moist, shining white when dry, somewhat hygrophanous, properly glabrous, but at first with exceedingly thin, silky patches of the veil, which soon disappear ; gills deeply and truly decurrent, horizontal, very crowded, about 3 lines broad, white then pallid ; stem about 2 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal, very tough, at length compressed, apex naked, white, stuffed then hollow. Agaricus {Clitocybe) ^m6«, Fries, Epicr., p. 72; Cke., Illustr., pi. 112; Cke., Hdbk., p. 57. In pine woods, &c. Gregarious, entirel}^ white, appearing late. Very similar to C. pithyophila, of which it is perhaps a form with an um- bilicate pileus, and gills deeply decurrent and attenuated behind. (Fries.) CLITOCYBE. 433 Clitocybe ericetorum. Bull. (figs. 14, 15, p. 301.) White. Pileus about 1 in. across, disc fleshy; at first almost globose, then depressed and more or less top-shaped, glabrous, even, shining when dry; gills slightly decurrent, distant, rather broad, connected by veins ; stem about 1 in. long, 2 lines thick, thinner at the base, glabrous, tough, stuffed. Agaricus ericetorum, Bulliard, Champ., Fr., t. 551, f. Id; Cke., Hdbk., p. 57; Cke., Illustr., p. 138. On heaths, &c. Resembling Hijgropliorus niveus in general appearance, the two being scarcely distinguishable from drawings, but very distinct in structure. The present species is arid, soft, elastic, smell pleasant. (Fries.) lY. CYATHIFORMES. Clitocybe cyathiformis. Bull. Pileus I5-3 in. across, flesh thin, piano-depressed when young, then infundibuliforra, even, glabrous, hygrophanous, rather slimy and usually dark brown when moist, becoming pale and opaque when dry, undulate in large specimens, the margin remains involute for a long time; flesh watery, similar in colour to the pileus, splitting ; gills adnate, becoming decurrent with the depression of the pileus, joined behind, distant, greyish-brown, sometimes branched ; stem spongy and stuffed inside, elastic, at length often hollow, 2-4 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, attenuated upwards, brownish- fibrillose, fibrils forming an imperfect reticulation, coloured like the pileus or a little paler, apex naked (not mealy), base villous. Agaricus cyathiformis, Bull., t. 575, f. M. ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 57 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 113. On the ground in pastures and woods, rarely on rotten wood. Usually blackish-umber, but varies to paler greyish-brown, pinky-tan, pale cinnamon, or brownish; then dingy ochrace- ous or tan-colour. Margin expanded when old, and also indistinctly striate. (Fries.) VOL. ir. 2 F 434 FUXGUS-FLOEA. Var. cinerascens, Fries, Hj^m. Eur., p. 100 ; Cke. Hdbk., p. 367 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 1151b. Agariciis cinerascens, Batsch, f. 101. Pileus 11 jD to 1 in. across, thin, infunclibuliform, pale smoky- brown, gills decurrent, yellowish-white; stem 1—2 in. long, Ih line thick, greyish, reticulately fibrillose, hollow. Among moss. In Cooke's figures the gills are grey. Clitocybe expallens. Pers. Pileus 1-2 in. across, rather fleshy when young, convex then expanded, obtuse, even, gre^'ish-brown, at first hoary with a superficial silkiness, then plane to infundibuliform, livid, disc rather fle>hy, the expanded, membranaceous margin striate ; gills decurrent, narrovv at both ends, thin, crowded, soft, greyish-white ; stem about 2 in. long and 2 lines thick, equal, glabrous, aj)ex silky, white, cottony inside, soon hollow, tough. Agaricus {Clitocybe) exjxdlens, Fries, Monogr., i. p. 32; Cke., lllustr., pi. 220. Agaricus exjxiUens, Pers., Syn., p. 61. In joastures, woods, &c. Smaller, earlier, and paler in colour than C. cyatliiformis ; small forms of the latter are, however, difficult to distinguish from the present species. Everywhere watery, verj'' hygro- phanous ; joileus whitish or pale tan when dry. (Fries.) Clitocybe obbata. Fr. Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh thin; nmbilicate then infundibuliform, glabrous, hygrophanous, margin becoming slightly stiiate, blackish or sooty-brown; gills decurrent, about 1 line broad, distant, at first dark grey then powdered with white; stem about 2 in. long, 2 lines thick, equal, tough, glabrous, often wavy, greyish-brown, hollow. Agaricus (Clitocyhe) ohhatus. Fries, Epicr., p. 74; Cke., Hdbk., p. 58 ; Cke., lllustr., pL 230. In pine woods. Fries describes two forms : — (A.) Stem hollow, 2 in. and more long, equal, 1-2 lines thick, often ascending or flexuous, glabrous, naked, slightly striate (striae wliite, interrupted), greyish-brown. Pileus ::lmost membranaceous, convex then plane, disc broadly CLITOCYBE. 435 iimbilicate, 1 in. across, glabrous, striate to the middle, blackish-brown, pale-grey when dry. Gills slightl}" decur- rent, distant, broad, dark-grey with white meal. (B.) Stem spongy and soft, at first stuffed with downy fibrils, then hollow, entirel}^ glabrous, even, and naked. Pileus infun- ^ely adnate, ventiicose, crowded, olivaceous- umber; stem 2-3 in. long, 1^, lino thick, equal, striate, coloured like the pileus, apex j^owdered with white meal^ hollow. Agaricus (^Clitocijhe) pausiacus, Fries, Epicr., p. 77 ; Cke.^ Hdbk., p. 59 ; Fries, Icon., t. 58, f. 2. In pine woods. Smell weak, but distinct^ mealy. Stem imperfectly hollow, 2-3 in. long, Ih line thick, equal, striate and the surface undulated, apex with white meal, coloured like the yjileus. Pileus fleshy, thin, at first convex, somewhat um- bonate, then plane or slightly depressed, 1 in. broad, even. CLITOCYBE. 439 p;labroiis, covered at first with a slight siikiness, colour variable, but ahvays dark, somewhat olive or umber, rather ochraceous when dry. Gills very broad behind, obtusely adnate, resembling a segment of a circlf^, closely crowaled, olive or umber in every stage ; spores white. (Fries.) *'* Gills luliitish. Clitocybe diatreta. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, tough, convex when young, regular, obtuse, margin involute, pubescent ; flattened and depressed when adult, often wavy, even, glabrous, dingy flesh-tint when moist, at length tan-colour and flaccid, margin spreading, naked, wdiitish when dry ; gills adnate, but nar- rowed and with a decurrent tooth behind, crowded, 1 line broad, Avbitish flesh-tint at first, tlien pallid whitish ; stem li-2 in. long, 2 lines thick, equal, round, even, glabrous, pallid, apex naked, base downy, stuifed then hollow^ elastic, rather wavy. ■ Agariciis (Clitoa/'be^, d'latretns. Fries, Epicr., p. 78; Cke., Hdbk., p. 60 ; Cke.', Illustr., pi. 232. In pine woods. Smell almost obsolete. Stem not c irtilaginous. Gathered at the same time wdth C. fragrans, from which it was at once distinguished by the total absence of the peculiar odour of that s[)ecies. (B. and Br.) Clitocybe fragrans. Sow. Smell strong, spicy. Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh rather thick ; convex, soon expanded and slightl}'' depressed or umbilicate, even, glabrous, hygrophanous, uniform watery white, disc not darker, whitish when dry ; gills slightly decurrent, rather crowded, 1 lino broad, distinct, whitish ; stem about 2 in. long, equal, slightly curved, elastic, glabrous, whitish, stuffed then hollow. Agariciis fragrans, Sovverby, pi. 10; Cke., Illustr., pi. 121 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 60. In woods among moss, &c. Distinguished from other species resembling it in colour and size, by the fragrant smell resembling aniseed. 440 FUNGUS-FLOILV. Pileiis 1-2 in. broad, convex, then plano-convex, minutely dimpled, dirty-white, very rarely slightly zoned, when dry nearly white ; margin thin and transparent, turned in when young and minutely tomentose. Gills very broad, decurrent, distinct, not pure white. Stem 2-3 in. high, 2-3 lines thick, attenuated upwards, minutely iibrillose, villous at the base, sometimes pruinose above. Odour very agreeable, like that of aniseed. (Berk.) Clitocybe augustissima. Fr. Pileus about 2 in. across, even, glabrous, watery-white, shining white when dry; plane then depressed, not um- bilicate, margin spreading, minutely striate when adult ; flesh very thin but firm ; gills rather decurrent, very much crowded, thin, narrow, white; stem about 2 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, often curved and flexuons, white, base downy, apex naked, stuffed, fibrous within ; spores elliptical, 5 X 3 /x. Agaricus (^Clitocyhe) augustissimus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 105; Cke., Hdbk., p. 60; Cke., Illustr., pi. 125. In w^oods, &c. Closely resembling G. fragrans^ but inodorous, and a clearer white. Less watery than its allies. (Fries.) Clitocybe obsoletus. Batsch. Smell spicy, but w^eak. Pileus about 1 in. across, rather fleshy ; convex then plane or slightly depressed, sometimes papillate, even, glabrous, hygrophanous, pailid or pale pinky- tan, whitish when dry ; gills obtuse behind, adnately decur- rent, sometimes almost rounded behind, broad, crowded , whitish ; stem about 1 in. long, 1^ line thick, whitish, elajstic, hollow. Agaricus ohsoletus, Batsch, f. 103; Cke., Hdbk., p. 60 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 233. Among grass and leaves. Exactly intermediate between C fragrans and C. metachroa. Smell pleasant, resembling aniseed, but not strong. Stem straight, apex pruinose, base often downy. Pileus somewhat nmbonate when young, yellowish-white when dry; pallid, livid or pinky-tan when moist. (Fries.) Just the plant of Bitsch, but the odour varying from that CLITOCYBE. 44:1 of bitter almonds to tliat of aniseed. The term dbsoletus "used by Batsch does not refer to an odour less than that of A. fragrans, but to the pallid tint as compared with his A. obsolescens. (B. and Br.) VI. VERSIFORMES. * Pileus dingy, hrownish, Clitocybe ectypa. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh rather thin, convex then almost plane, centre often slightly depressed, margin sometimes arched, striate, dingy or honey-yellow, then rufescent, sqna- mulose or virgate with sootj^ fibrils ; gills adnate with a de- current tooth, distant, connected by veins, white, soon pallid, then spotted with rufous, mealy with the spores ; stem 2-4 in. long, 3-5 lines thick, somewhat bulbous or equal, fibril- lose, dingy yellowish, soon olive and the base becoming blackish; spores elliptical, 9 X 6 /x. Agaricus (Clitoci/he) ectypus, Fries, Epicr., p. 80; Cke., Hdbk., p. 61^ Cke., Illustr., pi. 126. In swampy place-^, &g. Gregarious; sometimes several stems are joined at the bottom. iResembling Armillaria mellea in colour and general appearance, but without a trace of a ring. Smell pleasant at first, resembling aniseed, at length foetid. Pileus brown when decaying. (Fries.) [Clitocybe difformis. Pers. This species must be excluded from the British list. The figure of Bolton (t. 17), supposed to be this species, is C. pithy- ophila.] ** Pileus hriglit coloured. Clitocybe Sadleri. Berk. Taste very acrid and bitter. Pileus 1-2 in. across ; convex, soon plane then depressed or umbilicate, margin sj^ieading and often cracking, yellow, disc tawny, silky then smooth ; 442 FUNGUS-FLORA. flesh thick at the disc, margin thin ; gills deem rent, about 1 line broad, closely crowded, lemon -yellow, margin entire ; stem 2-2^- in. long, 2 lines thick, yello':v, with brownish librils, solid. Agaricus (Clitocijhe) Sadleri, Berk., Ann, Nat. Hist., no. 1734; Cke., Hdbk., p. 62; Cke., Ilbistr., pL 127. On an oak tub in a conservator}'. Clustered. The sour smell, strong acrid taste, colour, and habit suggest the genus Hijj)holoma^ as does also the habitat. I have found what appears to be exactly the same thing along with typical Hyplioloma fascicularis on a stump, and cannot but think the present is nothing more than an ab- normal form ot" Hyplioloma with the gills more or less decur- rent and permanently sterile, hence not becoming tinged with the dark spores. Several instances of dark-spored species v/ith sterile gills that remain pale, are on record. LACCARIA, B. & Br. Pileus convex then umbilicate or depressed, flesh thin ; gills broadly adnate, sometimes with a decurrent tooth, becoming mealy with the copious subglobose, minutely warted white spores; stem central, externally fibrous ; veil not evident. Laccaria, B. & Br., Annals of Nat. Hist. (1883), p. 370. CUtocijhe (as a subgenus of Agaricus), Fries, Syst. Myc, i. p. 70; Cke., Hdbk., p. 45. Separated from Clitocyhe on account of the broadly adnate gills becoming powdered with the white, subglobose, mi- nutely warted or echinulate spores. This is clearly quite as distinct from the genus Agaricus as Bussida and Lactarius, and cannot with any justice be included in the subgenus Chjfocyhe. We have several very distinct forms from Ceylon, besides our own A. laccatus, helluSy and one or two continental species. The amethyst-coloured form u^ually referred to A. laccatus is probably distinct. (B. & Br.) LxVCCxVRIA. 443 Laccaria laccata. Scop. Pilens l-2v[7 in. across, flesli thin, convex thin often more or leits wavy and irreguhir, nmbilicate; hj^grophnnous, even, clear violet or rich brown, almost white and minutely squamiilose when dry; gills adnate, distant, colonred like the pilens. at length white with powder ; stem 2-3 in. long,. 2 lines thick, equal, fibrous, cohmred like the pilens, tough, stuifed ; spores globose, minutely echinulate, 8-9 /x diam. Agaricus laccatiis, Scopoli, p. 444; Cke., Hdbk., p. Gl ; Cke.,, Illustr., pi. 139. Laccaria laccata, Berk., Grev., xii. p. 70. In woods. Yery variable ; bright amethyst or deep reddish brown^ stem and gills similarly coloured. Pilens pallid or dingy white when dr}^ and minutely but densely squamulose. Laccaria bella. Pers. Pilens 1-1|^ in. across, rather fleshy, convex then de- pressed or nmbilicate, orange-yellow with small, scattered darker adpressed squamules ; gills adnate with a decurrent tooth, broad, rather distant, yellow, connected by veins, at length powdered with white meal ; stem about 2 in. long^ 1^ line thick, equal, tough ; rivulose, yellowish, stuffed ;. spores subglobose, minutely warted, 7 X 5-6 or 6-7 fi diam. Agaricus hellus, Persoon, Syn., p. 452 : Cke., Hdbk., p. 61 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 183. Laccaria hella, B., Grev., xii. p. 70. In pine woods. Pilens 2h- in. broad, deep orange-brown, becoming gradually pale; gills incarnato-ferruginous. Stem 2^ in. high. Fries' plant has dirty-yellow gills, and so far differs fiom mine. It is at once distinguished from L. laccata by its foetid smell. (Berk.) Stem stnffed, at length hollow, about 2 in. long, 2-3 lines- thick, equal, tongh, but fibrous, externally broken up into- fibrils, becoming yellowish. Pileus rather fleshy, pliant, convex then expanded, centre depressed, about 2 in. broad, dark yellow, sometimes with a rufescent tinge, with scattered darker squamules, at length becoming pale, and the margin undnlate and wavy. Gills adnate, at length. 414 rUNGUS-FLOEA. with a decurrent tooth, very broad, distant, connected by veins, sometimes forked, paler than the pileus and yellowish, then with a rnfescent tinge. Almost intermediate between C. ectypa and Laccaria laccata ; smell when old resembling the first, but nearer the second in other points, and varying equally from both in stature. On rotten wood of Finns silvestris : somewhat caespitose. (Fries.) INDEX TO GENERA. Acetabularia. Berk. 232. Bolbitius. Fries, 203. Cantharellus. Adans. 318. Claudopus. W. G. Sm. 235. CUtocybe. Fries, 402. Clitopilus. Fries, 243. Cortinarius. Fries, 12. Crepidotus. Fries, 116. Eccilia. Fries, 238. Entoloma. Fries, 267. Flammula. Fries, 126. Galera. Fries, 143. Hebeloma. Fries, 169. Hygrophorus. Fries, 331. Inocybe. Fries, 180. Laccaria. B. 442. Lentinus. Fries, 311. Lenzites. Fries, 304. Leptonia. Fries, 249. Naucoria. Fries, 151. Nolanea. Fries, 256. Nyctalis. Fries, 329. Omphalia. Fries, 383. Panus. Fries, 307. Paxillus. Fries, 4. Pholiota. Fries, 209. Pleurotus. Fries, 363. Pluteolus. Fries, 208. Pluteus. Fries, 283. ScMzophyllum. Fries, 302. Trogia. Fries, 303. Tubaria. W. G. Sm. 121. Volvaria. Fries, 292. Xerotus. Fries, 306. INDEX TO SPECIES. 2)liyllus (Agaricus), 399. camurus (C -rt. Deiuiu.). 61 448 INDEX. cancrinus (Clitopilus), 246. canciinus (Agaricus), 247. candicans (Clitocybe), 416. candicans (Agaricus), 416. caninus (Cort. Dermo.), 62. caperata (Pholiota), 210, caperatiis (Agaricus), 211. capistraia (Pholiota), 217. capistratum (Agaricus), 217. caimocephalum (Hebeloma), 178. capnocephalus (Agaricus), 17^. castaneus (Cort. Hygr.), 22. castaneus (Agaricus), 23. caprinus (Hygrophorus), 344. caprinus (Agaricus), 344. carbonaria (Flammula), 133. carbonarius (Agaricus), 133. carbonarius (Merulius), 322. carhonarius (Cantharellus), 322. carneo-griseus (Agaricus), 239. carneo-grisea (Eccillia), 239. carneo-alhus (Clitopilus), 247. carneo-albus (Agaricus), 247. carpopbilus (Agaricus), 169. carpophila (Xaucoria), 168. carpta (luocybe), 189. carptus (Inocybe), 189. catina (Clitocybe), 431. catinus (Agaricus), 432. centimcula (Naucoria), 155. centunculus (Agaricus), 155. ceraceus (Hygrophorus), 334. ceraceus (Agaricus), 334. cerasinus (Hygrophorus), 361. cerodes (Xaucoria), 157. cerodes (Agaricus), 157. cerrusata (Clitocybe), 413. Var. diformis, 414. cerrussatus (Agaricus), 414. cervinus (Pluteus), 284. Var. eximius, 284. „ patricius, 284. ' „ Bulla, 285. „ petasatus, 285. cervinus (Agaricus), 284. cliahjhea (Leptonia), 253. chalybeus (Agaricus), 253. chimnophilus (Crepidotus), 120. chimnophilus (Agaricus), 121. cliioneus (Pleurotus) 382. chioneus (Agaricus), 382. cJdorophanus (Hygrophorus), 341. chloropolius (Leptonia), 255. chloropolius (Agaricus), 255. chrysodon (Hygrophorus), 353. chrysopjhaeus (Pluteus), 291. chrysophaeus (Agaricus), 291. chrysopilujUd (Omphalia), 386. chrysopliyllus (Agaricus), 386. ciharius (Cantharellus), 319. Var. riifipes, 320. ciucinnata (Inocybe), 184. cincinnatus (Agaricus), 184. circinatus (Pleurotus), 369. circinatus (Agaricus), 369. cinereits (Cantharellus), 321. cinnaharinus (Cort. Dermo.), QQ, cinnamomeus (Cort. Dermo.), 67. Var. croceus, 68. „ semi sanguineus, 68. claricolor (Cort. Phleg.), 95. Clarkii (Inocybe), 199. Clarkii (Agaricus), 199. Clarliii (Hygrophorus), 349. claviceps (Hebeloma), 173. claviceps (Agaricus), 173. clavipes (Clitocybe), 405. clavipes (Agaricus), 406. clitopila (Flammula), 130. clitopilus (Agaricus), 130. clivalis (Hygrophorus), 352. clypeatum (Entoloma), 278. clypeatus (Agaricus), 279. cochleatus (Lentinus), 315. coccineus (Hygrophorus), 335. coccineus (Agaricus), 335. coelestina (Xolanea), 265. coelestiuus (Agaricus), 265. Colemannianus (Hygrophorus), 332. collinitus (Cort. My.), 86. Var.) mucosus, 87. columbinus (Pleurotus), 371. colus (Cort. Hygr.), 24. comitalis (Clitocybe), 406. comitalis (Agaricus), 406. commune (Schizophyllum), 303. comosa (Pholiota), 218. comosus (Agaricus), 218. concava (Clitocybe), 435. concavus (Agaricus), 435. conchatus (Panus), 308. con/erta (Galera), 147. INDEX. 419 confeitus (Agaricus), 147 confragosa (Fholioti), 228. confragosus (Agaricus), 228. conicus (Hygrophonis), 339. connisans (Flammula), 137. connisans (Agaricus). 137. conoceplialus (Bolbitius), 207. conspersa (Naucoria), 167. conspersus (Agaricus), ltj8. Coo/ce/(Plioliota), 228. Cookei (Agaricus), 228. Cookei (Cort. Tula.). 58. Cookei (Cort. H3-gr.), 59. Cookei (Entoloma). 277. corticatus (Pleurotus), 364. corticatus (Agaricus), 364. corroms (Cort. Plikg.), 108. corruscans (Cort. Phleg.), 115. cossus (Hygrophorus), 354. cossus (Agaricus), 354. costatus (Agaricus), 281. costatum (Entoloma), 281. coioneus (Cort. Dermo.), 71. craspedius (Agaricus), 368. craspedius (Pleurotus), 367. crassus (Cort. Phleg.), 96. crassus (Paxillus), 11. cretatus (Clitopilus), 245. cretutus (Agaricus), 245. crispa (Trogia), 303. cristalUnus (Cort. Phleg.), 113. crohula (Tubaria), 126. croceo-coeruleus (Cort. Phleg.), 115. croceo-conus (Cort. Dermo.), 6S. croceo-fulvus (Cort. Tela.), 45. croceo-fulvus (Agaricus), 45. cruentata (Agaricus), 227. cruentata (Pholiota), 226. crastuliniforme (Hebeloma), 176. Var, minor. crustuliniformis (Agaricus), 176. cryptarum (Clitocybe), 421. cryptarum (Agaricus), 422. cucumis (Naucoria), 154. cucumis (Agaricus), 154. cumatilis (Cort. Phleg.), 112. cupularis (Tubaria), 122. cupularis (Agaricus), 122. cupulatus (Cantharellus), 325. Curreyi (luocybe), 193. Curreyi (Agaricus). 193. VOL. II. curvipoda (Pholiota), 226. curvipes (Agaricus), 226. cyanites (Cort. luo.), 76. Var. major, 76. cyanopus (Cort. Piileg.), 98. cyanophaea (Clitocybe), 40S. Var. pengelleyi, 408. cyauophaea Agaricus), 408. cyathijormis (Clitocybe), 433. Var. cinerascens, 434. cyathiformis (.Agaricus), 433. cyphellaeformis (Pleurotus), 381. cyphellaeformis (Agaricus), 381. damascenus (Cort. Hygr.), 18. dealbata (Clitocybe), 416. Var. minor, 417. dealbatus (Agaricus), 417. decastes (Clitocybe), 418. decastes (Agaricus), 418. decipiens (Flammula), 129. deciplens (Agaricus), 129. decipiens (Cort. Hygr.), 31. decolorans (Cort. Phleg.), 114. decoloratus (Cort. Phleg.), 113. decumhens (Cort. Dermo.), 59. degener (Xerotus), 307. degluhens (luocybe), 189. deglubens (luocybe), 189. delibutus (Cort. Myx.), 90. Var. elegans, 90. demissa (Omphalia), 393. demissus (Agaricus), 393. depluens (Claudopus), 237. deplueus (Agaricus), 238. depluens (Agaricus), 121. depressus (Cort. Hygr.), 34. de&cisna (luocybe), 196. Var. auricomus, 197. descissus (Agaricus), 197. destricta (luocybe), 196. dtstrictus (Agaricus), 196. detonsus (Cort. Hygr.), 32. defrusa (Omphalia), 384. detrusus (Agaricus), 385. diahulicus (Cort. Dermo.), (jI. diatreia (Clitocybe), 439. diatretus (Agaricus), 439. dibaphus (Cort. Plileg.), 107. Var. zanthophyllus, 107. difforniis (Clitocybe;, 441. 2 G 450 INDEX. dilutus (Cort. Hygr.), 21, dilutus (Agaricus), 21. directa (Omphalia), 400. directa (Agaricus), 401. discoideus (H^^grnphorus), 358. dispersus (Agaricus), 1G7. dissimuhins (Plioliota), 227. dissimulaus (Agaricus), 227. distans (Hygrnphorus), 349. ditopa (Clitucybe), 438. ditopus (Agaricus), 438. dolahratus Cort. Hygr.), 28. dryiuus (Agaricus), 365. dryinus (Pleurotus), 365. didcamara (Inocybe), 183. dulcamaru.s (Agaricus), 183. Duncdii (Lentinus), 312. dwxicinus (Cort. Hygr.), 19. dura (Pholiota), 213. durus (Agaricus), 214. eburneus (Hygrophorus), 353. eburneus (Agaricus), 353. echinata (Inocybe), 190. echinatus (Agaricus), 190. ectypa (Clitocybe), 441. ectypus (Agaricus), 441. elatior (Coii;. Myx.), 87. elatum (Hebeloma), 176. elatus (Agaricus), 176. elixus (Clitocybe), 420. elixus ( Agaricus), 420. emholus (Tubaria), 125. embolus (Agaricus), 125. emollitus (Cort. PJileg.), 113. epihryus (Crepidotus), 119. epibryus (Agaricus), 119. epigaeus (Agiiricus), 121. epigaeus (Crepidotus), 121. ephebcus (Agaricus), 286. ejihebeus (Pluteus), 286. erebia (Pholiota), 211. erebeut (Agaricus), 212. ericetormn (Ciitocybi), 433. ericetoruui (Agaricus), 433. eriniicea (Xaucoria), 167. eriuaceus (Agaiicus), 167. eruhescens (Hygrophorus), 355. erythrinus (Coit. Hygr.), 31. Var. argyropus, 31. eseharoides (Naucoria), 168. escharoides (Agaricus), 168, euchroa (Leptouia), 252. euchrous (Agaricus), 253, eutheles (Inocybe), 195. eutheles (Agaricus), 195. euosmus (Agaricus), 372. evernius (Curt. Tela.), 42. exilis (Agaricus), 265. exilis (Nolanea), 265. expallens (Clitocybe), 434. expallens (Ag iricus), 434, extenuatus (Paxillus), 6. farinaceus (Panus), 309. Yar. albido-tomentosus, 310. fasciata (Inocybe), 187. fasciatus (Agaricus), 188. fasciatus (Cort. Hj^gr.), 35. fastibile (Hebeloma), 171. Viir. elegaus, 171. fastibilis (Heiieloma), 171. fastigiata (Inocybe), 192. fastigiatus (Agaricus), 192. fertilis (Eutoloma), 275. fertilis (Agaricus), 275. f estiva (Naucoria), 152. festiva (Agaricus), 153. fibrosa (Inocybe), 191. fibrosus (Agaricus), 191. fibula (Omplialia), 400. Yar. Sivartzii, 400. fibula (Agaricus), 400. filia (Flammula), 134. filius (Agaricus), 134. filicea (Flammula), 142. filiceus (Agaricus), 142. filameutosus (Paxillus), 10. fimbriatus (Pleurotus), 368. fimljriatus (Agaricus), 368. fimbriatus (Lentinus), 317. firmum (Hebeloma), 172. firmus (Agaricus), 173. firmus (Cort. Hvgr.), 15. flabellus (Cort. tela.), 54. fiabelliformis (Lentinus), 317. flaccida (Lenzites), 305. fiaccidus (Clitocybe), 430. Yar. lobatus, 430 flaccidus (Agaricus), 430. flammans (Pholiota), 224. flammans (Agaricus), 224 INDEX. 451 flavida (Flammula), 136. flavidus (Agaricus), 137. flavidus (Bolbitius), 204. flezipes (Cort. Tela.), 53. floccifera (Flammula), 129. floccifer (Agaricus), 129. flocculosa (Iiiocybe), 18S. flocculosus (Agancu.s), 188. llocculentus (Agaricus), 183. flosculus (Eccilia), 242. flosculus (Agaricus), 242. fliixilis (Pleurotus), 380. tiuxilis (Agaricus), 380. foetens (Hygrophorus), 332. formosa (Leptonia), 255. Var. sicavis, 255. formosus (Agaricus), 255. fornicatus (Hygrophorns), 348. fragilis (Bolbitiu-), 205. fragrans (Clitocybe), 439. fragians (Agaricus), 439. Friesii (Cautharellus), 320. fidgens (Cort. Plileg.), 108. fulmineus (Cort. Phleg.), 109. fulvo-strigosa (Nolanea), 260. fulvo-strigosa (Agaricus), 260. fumosa (Clitocybe), 421. famosus (Agaricus), 421. fumosus (Agaricus), 407. Var. poiius, 407. furfuracea (Tubaria), 122. Var. tngonophyllus, 123.' „ lieterodichus, 123. furfuraceus (Agaricus), 123. fusco-albus (Hygrophorus), 361. fusco-albus (Agaricus), 361. t'uscus (Merulius), 395. fusus (Agaricus), 134. Var. superha, 135. fusus (Agaricus), 134. gadinoides (Pleurotus), 376. gadiuoides (Agnricus), 376. gallinacea (Clitocybe), 417. gallinaceus (Agaricus), 417. gangraenosa (Clitocybe), 406. Var. nigresceus, 406. gan^raeuosus (Clitocybe), 406. gentilis (Cort. Tela.), 46. geophjlla (Inocybe), 199. geophyllus (Agaricus), 199. geotropa (Clitocybe), 427. geotropus (Agaricus), 427. germanus (Cort. Hygr.), 32. gigantea (Clitocybe), 423. gigauteus (Agaricus), 423. gigauteus (Paxillus), 423. gilva (Clitocybe), 428. gilvus (Agaricus), 428. glandicolor (Cort. Tela.), 50. Var. curta, 51. glandiformis (Xaucoria), 159. glandiformis (Agaricus), lf>9. glaucopus (Cort. Phleg.), 104. glaucophylla (Oraphalia), 391. glaucophyllus (Agaricus), 391. glaucus (Cantharellus), 327. glutiuifer (Hygrophorus), 356. glutinosa (Hebeloraa), 172. glutinosum (Hebeloma), 171. gloiocephala (Volvaria). 295. gloiocephalus (Agaricus), 296. gracillima (Omplialia), 401. gracillimus (Agaricus), 401. grallipes (Cort. Myc), 88. graminicola (Naucoria), 169. gramiuicola (Agaricus), 169. graudiusculus (Bolbitius), 203. griseo-palUda (Omphalia), 396. griseo-pallidus (Agaricus), 397. grisea (Omphalia), 399. griseus (Agaricus), 399. griseo-ruhella (Eccilia), 240. griseo-rubellus (Agaricus), 240. griseocyaneum (Entoloma), 276. griseocyaueus (Agaricus), 276. gummosa (Flammula), 132. gummosus (Agaricus), 132. gymnopodia (b'lamiuula), 128. gymuopodius (Agaricus), 128. haemacta (Inocybe), 184. haemactus (Agaricus), 184. liaematoclielis (C), 380. Tenia (Flammula), 130. lentus (Agaricus), 130. leochroma (Pholiota), 216. leochrumus (Agaricus), 216. leoninus (Pluttus), 290. Var. coccineus, 290. leoninus (Agaricus), 290. leontopodius (Lentinus), 313, lepideus (Lentinus), 313. lepidopus (Cort. Dermo.), 65. lepista (Paxillus), 5. leporinus (Hygrophorus), 344. leptopiis (Paxillus), 10. leucophylJa (Omphalia), 388. leucopliyllus (Agaricus), 388. leucophaeus (Cautharellus), 325. leucopus (Cort. Hygr.), 30. licinipes (Cort. Tela.), 39. lignatilis (Pleurotus). 3G9. lignatilis (Agaricus), 369. limacinus (Hygrophorus), 359. limo7iius (Cort. Tela.), 45. limpidus (Pleurotus), 376. limpidus (Agaricus), 376. liquescens (Kntoloma), 273. liquescens (Agaricus), 274. liquiritiae (Flammula), 140. liquiritiae (Agaricus), 140. livido-alhus (Hygrophorus), 362. livido-ochraceous (Cort. Myx.), 88. lividum (Eutoloma), 268. Var. roseus, 268. lividus (Agaricus), 268. lividus (Paxillus), 8. lobatus (Cautharellus), 328. longicaudum (Hebeloma), 176. Var. radicatus. 111. longicaudus (Agaricus), 177. Loveiana (Volvaria), 293. Loveiauus (Agaricus), 294. lubrica {Flammula) 131. lubricus (Agaricus), 131. lucifer (Pholiata), 224. lucifer (Agaricus), 224. lucifu^a (Inocybe). 198. lucifugus ((Agaricus), 198. lucorum (Cort. Tela.) 41. lugubris (Naucoria), 152. lugubris (Agaricus), 152. lugens (Hebeloma), 177. lugens (Agaricus), 177. lupina (Flammula), 131. lupinus (Agaricus), 131. lustratus (Cort. Phleg.), 97. luteopes (Cortinarius), 107. luxurians (Pholiota), 2 1 7. luxurians (Agaricus), 217. madidum (Entoloma), 273. madidus (Agaricus), 273. macropus (Cort. Tela.), 36. mugnimamma (Hebeloma), 179. magnioiamnia (Agaricus), 179. majalis (Agaricus), 275. majalis (Entoloma), 280. majalis (Agnricus), 280. malachius (Cort. luo.), 77. malicorius (Cort. Dermo.), 70. mammosa (Nolanea), 259. mammosus (Agaricus), 259. margaritispora (Agaricus), 195. margaritispora (Inocybe), 195. maritima (Inocybe), 186. maritimus (Agaricus), 186. marginata (Pholiota), 229. marginatus Agaiicus), 229. mastrucatus (Pleurotus), 379. 454 INDEX. mastrucatiis (Agnricus), 378. maura (Omplialia), 385. maiirus (Agaricus), 385. maxima (Clitocybe), 424. maximus (Agaricus), 424. media (Yolvaria), 296. medius (Agaricus), 29G. melinoides (Naucoria), 157. melinoides (Agaricus), 157. mesodactylus (Agaricus), 213. mesophaeus (Agaricus), 174. Var. minor, 175. mesophaeum (Hebeloma), 174. mesotephrus (Hygrophorus), 362. metachroa (Clitocybe), 437. metachrous (Agaricus), 437. metapodius (Hygrophorus), 350. micaceus (Hygrophorus), 337. micwcyclus (Cort. Tela.), 39. miltinus (Cort. Dermo.), 65. milvinus (Cort. Hygro.), 34. mitis (Pleurotis), 375. mitis (Agaricus), 37-5. miniatus (Hygrophorus), 336. minuta (Galera), 149. minutis (Agaricus), 150. mixta (Flummuhi), 131. mixtus (Agaricus), 132. mniopMla (Galera), 149. mniophilus (Agaricus), 149. mollis (Crepidotus), 117. mollis (Agaricus), 117. molliscoria (Pholiota), 215. molliscorium (Agaricus), 215. monstrosa (Clitocybe), 423. monstrosus (Agaricus;, 423. mucijluus (Cort. Myx.), 87. mucronellus (Hygrophorus), 336. multiformis (Cort. Phleg.), 102. YsLi-.flavescens, 103. mundulus (Clitopilus), 245. mundulus (Agaricus j, 245. muralis (Omphalia), 393. muralis (Agaricus), 393. muricinus (Cart. luo.), 76. murinacius (Hygrophorus), 343. muscigenus (Cantharellus), 327. muscoruni (Tubaria), 124. muscorum (Agaricus), 124. musivum (Hebeloma), 170. musivus (Agaricus), 170. mustelina (Pholiota), 230. mustelinus (Agaricus), 230. mutahilis (Pholiota), 228. mutabilis (Agaricus), 229. mutica (Inocybe), 189. muticus (Agaricus), 189. mutilus (Pleurotus), 371. mutilus (Agaricus), 371. mycenoides (Pholiota), 231. myceuoides, (Agaricus), 231. mycenopsis (Galera), 150. myceuopsis (Agaricui), 150. myosotis (Naucoria), 164. myosotis (Agaricus), 164. myrtillinus (Cort. Dermo.), 62. nanus (Agaricus), 288. nanus (Piuteus), 287. Var. lutescens, 288. „ major, 288. napus (Cort. Phleg.), 103. nasutus (Agaricus), 160. nauseosum (Hebeloma), 178, nauseosum (Agaricus), 178. nebularis (Clitocybe), 405. nebulaiis (Agaricus), 405. nefrens (Leptouia), 256. nefrens (Agaricu.s), 256. nemoreus (Hygrophorus), 345. Nevillae (Omphalia), 389. Xevillae (Agaricus), 389. nidorosus (Agaricus), 282. nidorosum (Eutoloma), 282. nigrella (Eccilia), 240. nigrella (Agaricus), 240. nigripes (Nolanea), 262. Nigripes (Agaricu>), 262. nigrocinnamomeum (Entolonift), 279. nigrocinnamomeus (Agaricus), 279. nitens (Flammula), 141. nitens (Agaricus;, 141. nitidus (Cort. Myx,), 89. nitratus (Agaricus), 343. nitratiis (Hygrophorus), 343. Var. glauco-nitens, 344, nitrosus (Cort. Tela. , 48. niveus (Polbitius), 207. niveus (Hygrophorus), 347. nucea (Naucoria), 158. nuceus (Agaricus), 158. INDEX. 455 imdipes (Hehelomsi), ITS, nudipes (Agaricus), 178. nudus (Agaricus), 408. ohhata (Clitocybe), 434. obbatus (Agaricus), 434. obruseus (Hygropliorus), 338. obscura (Inncybe), 190. Var. rufus, 190. obscurus (luocybe), 190. dbsoletus (Clitocybe), 440. obsoletus (Agaricus), 440. obtusa (Naucoiia), 153. obtusus (Naucoiia), 153. obtusus (Cort. Hygr.), 32. ocenlata (Clitocybe), 422. occulatus (Agaricus), 423. ochrochlora (Flammula), 141. oclirochlorus (Agaricus), 141. ochroleucus (Cort. Dermo.), 59. ochroleucus (Agaricus), 59. odora (Clitocybe), 412. odorus (Agaricus), 412. ofuciata (Ompbalia), 385. offuciata (Agaricus), 386. oUvaceo-cdbus (Hygrophorus), 359. ombrophila (Pholiola), 212. Var. brunneola, Jll2. ombrophila (Agaricus), 212. omniscus (Ompbalia), 390. omniscus (Agaricus), 391. opaca (Clitocybe), 422. opacus (Agaricus), 422. opimus (Cort. Ino.), 74. Yar. fidvobrunueus, 75. opiparia (Clitor^ybe), 409. opiparius (Agaricus), 409. orbiformis ((Jlitocybe), 437. orbiformis (Agaricus), 437. orbicularis (Agaricus), 163. orcella (Clitopilus), 244. orcella (Agaricus), 244. orcelloidc'S (Paxillus), 7. orcJlanus (Cart. Dorino.), 69. orichalceus (Cort. Pbleg.), 109. os^reaiws (Pleurotus), 371. Var. glandidosus, 372. „ eiiO)erisctlis (Cort. Tela).), 53. perlata (Inocybe), 193. perlatus (Agaricus). 194. Persooniana (Agaricus), 271. petaloidts (Pleurotus), 374. petaloides (Agaricus), 374. petiginosum (Hebeloma), 179. petiginosus (Agaricus), 180. 456 INDEX. 'peiizoides (CrepiJotus), 120. pezizoides (Ag.iricus), 120. phaeocephala (Inocybe), 192. phaeocephalus (Agaricus), 192. PhlUipsii (Crepidotiis), 120, Phillipsii (Agaricus), 120. philonitis (Omphalia), 390. pliilonitis (Agaricus), 390. phlebophorus (Agaricus), 277. phlehophorus (Pluteus), 291. phlebophorus (Agaricus), 291. pholideus (Cort. Ino.), 83. phrygianus (Cort. Ino.), 8i. phyllopliila (Clitocybe), 414. phyllopliilus (Agaricus), 414. picea (Nolanea), 263. piceus (Agaricus), 264. picrea (Flammula), 140. picreus (Agaricus), 140. picta (Omphalia), 398. pictiis (Agaricus), 398, pisciodora (Nolauea), 260. pisciodorns (Agaricus), 261. pitliyopliila (Clitocybe), 415. pitliyophilus (Agaricus), 415. placenta (Eiit.)loma), 270. placenta (Agaricus), 270. placida (Leptouia), 250. placidus (Agaricus), 250. plum/'ger (Cort. Tela.), 41. plumosa (Inocybe), 183. plumosus (Agaricus), 184. pluvius (Cort. Myx.), 92. polius ((Clitocybe), 407. polius (Agaricus), 407. pomposus (Agaricus), 134. popinalis (Clitopilus), 245. popinalis (Airaricus), 246. porphyropus (Cort. Phleg.), 114. porr/'ginosa (Naucoria), 166. porriginosa (Agaricus), 166. porrigens (Pleurotus), 378. porrigens (Agaricus), 378. Postii (Agaricus), 386. Postii (Omphalia), 386. Var. aurea, 387. praecox (Pholiota), 214. praecox (Agaricus), 214. praestigiosus (Cort. Tela.), 4t. paragandis (Cort. Tela.), 45. Var. praestigioeus, 45. prasinus (Cort. Phleg.), 110, pratensis (Hygrophorus), 345. Var. pallidus 346. „ cinereus, 316. privignus (Cort. Hygr.), 19. pruinosa (Clitocybe), 435. pruinosus (Agaricus), 435. prunuloides (Eutoloma), 269. prunuloides (Agaricus), 269. prunulus (Clitopilus), 243. prunulus (Agaricus), 243. psammocephalus (Cort. Tela.), 54. psammocephalus (Agaricus), 55. pseudoandrosacea (Omphalia), 396. pseudoandrosaceub (Agaricus), 396. psittacinus (Hygrophorus), 341. psittacinus (Agaricus), 341. piLdica (Pholiata), 216. pudicus (Agaricus), 216. pudorinus (Hygrophorus), 356. pulmouarius (Agaricus), 375. pulmonarius (Pleurotus), 375. Ya,r.Juglandis, 375. pidverideiitus (Hygrophorus) 355. pulverideutus (Leutinus), 314, pumila (Pholiota), 231. pumila (Agaricus), 231. punctutiis (Cort, Tela.), 51, punciatum (Hebeloma), 173, punctatus (Agaricus), 173. puniceus (Hygrophorus), 338, purpurata (Flammula), 142. purpuratuB (Agaricus), 143. purpicrascens (Cort. Phleg.), 106. Var. suhpurpurascens, 107. pusiola (Naucoria), 158, pusiolus (Agaricus), 158, 2)ygmaeo-affinis (Galera), 147. pygmaeo-aflfinis (Agaricus), 148. p yriodo7'a (Inocyhe\ 185. pyriodorus (Agaricus), 185. pyxidata (Cmphalia), 387. pyxidatus (Omphalia), 387. quadricolor (Cort. Tela.) 43, radicosus (Cantharellus), 322, radieosa (Pholiota), 215, radicosus (Agaricus), 216. Ealfsii (crepidatus), 120. Ralfsii (Agaricus), 120. INDEX. 457 raphanoides (Cort. Derrao.), 72. rarida (Galera), 150. ravidus (Agaricus), 150. reclina (Inocybe), 181. reclinus (Agaricus), 182. redemitus (Cort. luo.), 80. Eeedii (Cort. Hygr.), 30. renidens (Cort. Hygr.), 25. reniformis (Pleurotisi, 376. reniforuiis (Agaricus), 376. Renneyi (Inocybe), 201. Var. major, 201. Renneyi (Agaricus), 201, repandum (Entoloma), 269. repandus (Agaricus), 269, 270. replfxns (Cantharellus), 326. Var. devexus, 327. resinaceus (Lentinus), 314. resutum (Entoloma), 276. resutus (Agaricus), 276. reticidatus (Pluteolus), 208. reticulatus (Agaricus), 208. retirugus (Cantiiarellus), 328. retosta (Omphalia), 395. retoitus (Agaricus), 396. revolutus (Paxillus), 8. revnhitus (Pleurotus), 373. Var. anglicus, 373. revolutus (Agaricus), 373. rhoil opolium (Entoluma), 279. rhodopolius (Agaricus), 280. rhodocylix (Eccilia), 241. rhodocylix (Agaricus), 241. ricidaius (Cort. Dernio.), 60. riederi (Cort. Phleg.), 99. rigens (Cort. Hygr.), 22. ' rigidus (Cort. Tela.), 57. rimosa (Inocybe), 194. rimosus (Agaricus), 194. rhmdincola (Naucoria), 156. rimulincola (Agaricus ), 156. rivulosa (Clitocybe), 413. Var. neptuneus, 413. rivulosus (Agaricus), 413. rivulosus (Bolbitius), 207. roseo-alhus (Pluteus), 289. roseo-albus (Agaricus), 290. rnhellus (Cort. Tela.), 47. ruhida (Nolanea), 266. rubidus (Agaricus). 266. ruhi (Crepidotus), 121. VOL. II. rubi (Agaricus), 121. ruhiginosa (Galera), 148. rubiginosus (Agaricus), 148. rufo-carnea Nolanea), 262. rufo-carneus (Agaricus), 262. rufulus (Agaricus), 393. russo-coi'iaceus (Hygrophorus), 347. russus (Cort. Phleg.), 100. rustica (Omphalia), 391. rusticus (Agaricus), 392. Ruthae (Pleurotus), 368. Rutliae (Agaricus), 368. Sadler i (Clitocybe), 441. sadleri (Agaricus), 442. saepiaria (Lenzites), 305. saginus (Cort. Phleg.), 100. salicinus (Pluteus), 286. Var. herylliis, 287. „ floccosa, 287. salicinus (Agaricus), 287. salignus (Pleurotus), 373. salignus (Agaricus). 373. salor (Cort. Myx.), 90. samhucma (Inocybe), 197. sambucinus (Agaricus), 198. sanguineus (Cort. Dermo.), 67. sapidus (Pleurotus), 370. sapidus (Agaricus), 371. sapinea (Flammula), 139. Var. terrestris, 140. sapineus (Agaricus), 139. saturninus (Cort. Hygr.) 21. Saundersii (Entoloma). 274. Saundersii (Agaricus), 275. scahella (Inocybe), 200. scabellus (Agaricus), 200. scaber (Inocybe), 186. scaber (Agaricus), 186. scamha (Flammula), 142. scambus (Agaricus), 142. scandens (Cort. Hygr.), 30. scaurus (Cort. Phleg.), 111. schista (Inocybe), 191. schistus (Agaricus), 191. sciophanus (Hygrophorus), 333. scolecina (Naucoria), 160. scolecinus (Agaricus), 160. scoticus (Lentinus), 316. scutulatus (Cort. Tela.), 42. sehaeeus (Cort. Phleg.), 97. 2 H 458 INDEX. semibulbosns (Agaricus), 289. semihulosns (Pluteus), 288. semiflexa (Naucoria), 15o. semiflexus (Agaricus), 156. semiorhicularis (Xaucoria), 163. senescens (Hebeloma), 171. senescens (Agaricus), 171. senilis (Clitocybe), 431. senilis (Agaricus), 431. septicus (Pleurotus), 378. serarius (Cort. Phleg.)^ 112. sericeus (Agaricus), 271, 282. sericeum (Eutoloma), 281. sericellum (Entoloma), 277. sericellus (Agaricus), 277. serotinus (Pleurutus), 374. serotinus (Agaricus), 375. serrulata (Leptouia), 252. serrulatus (Agaricus), 252. sideroides (Naucoria), 161. sideroides (Agaricus), 161. siliginea (Galera), 145. siligineus (Agaricus), 14.5, 146. sinapizaus (Agaricus), 175. sinapizans (Hebeloma), 175. sindonia (Inocybe), 199. sindonius (Agaricus), 199. sinopica (Clitocybe), 426. sinopicus (Agaricus), 426. sinuatum (Entoloma), 268. sinuosum (Hebeloma), 170. sinuosus (Agaricus), 170. siparia (Naucoria), 167. siparius (Agaricus). 167. SmitliU (Clitopilus), 248. sdbria (Naucoria), 166. Yar. d,ispersus, 166. .sobrius (Agaricus), 166. socialis (Clitocybe), 410. socialis (Agaricus), 410. solstitialis (Leptoniu), 252. solstitialis (Agaricus), 252, spadiceus (Hygrophorus), 342. spartea (Galera), 147. sparteus (Agaricus), 147. speciosa (Volvaria), 295. speciosus (Agaricus), 295. spedabilis (PJioliota), 222. spectabilis (Agaricus), 222. speculum (Entoloma), 282. speculum (Agaricus), 283. spliagnicola (Omphalia), 389. spbagnicula (Agaricus), 390. sphaleromorpha (Plioliota), 214. sphaleromorphus (Agaricus), 214. spilopus (Pluteus), 288. spilopus (Agaricus), 288. spinulosa (Clitocybe), 427. spinulosus (Agaricus), 428. spilomeus (Cort. Dermo.), 64. splendens Clitocybe), 429. splendens (Agaricus), 429. spongiosus (Pleurotus), 366. spongiosus (Agaricus), 366. spumosa (Flammula), 132. spuinosus (Agaricus), 133. squarrosus (Agaricus), 221. squarrosa (Pholiota), 220. Yar. Mulleri, 221. „ verruculosus, 221. „ reflexus, 221. stagnina (Tubaria), 124. stagninus (Agaricus), 124. stellata (Omphalia), 397.' stellatus (Agaricus), 397. stemmatus (Cort. Tela.), 57. Stevensoni (Cantharellus), 326. Stevensonii (Panu;^), 311. stillatitius (Cort. Myx.), 91. stilhocepjhalus (Clitopilus), 248. stillbocephalus (Agaricus), 248, 249. straminipes (Clitopilus), 248. straminipes (Agaricus), 248. striapes (Naucoria), 160. striapes (Agaricus), 160. striatidus (Pleurotus), 382. striatulus (Agaricus), 382. striaepileus (Omphalia), 388. striaepileus (Agaricus), 388. stipticus (Agaricus), 118. dypticus (Panus), 309. suhalutacea (Clitocybe), 411. subalutaceus (Agaricus), 412. sid)collar latum (Hebeloma), 175. subcollariatus (Agaricus), 175. suhdecastes (Clitocybe), 418. subdecastes (Agaricus), 418. suhferrugineus (Cort. Hygr.), 15. suhglohosa (Nolanea), 263. subglobosus (Agaricus), 263. sid>involuta (Clitocybe), 428. INDEX. 459 siibinvolutus CAgaricus), 428. stiblanatus (Coit. Ino.), 84. sublanatus (Agaricus), 84. sublanatus (Cortinarius). 94. suhnotahis (Cort. Dermo.), 71. siibpalmatus (Pleuiotus). 367. subpalmatus (Agaricus), 367. suhradiatus (Hygrophorus), 351. Var. lacmiis, 351. suhrimosa (luocybe), 200. subrimosus (Clypeus), 201. siihsqicarrosa (Plioliata), 222. subsquarrosus (Agaricus), 222. suillus (Cort. Inc.), 80. sulplmreus (Cortinarius), 170. tahacina (Naucoria), 163. tabacinus (Agaricus), 163. tahularis (Cort. Dermo.), 60. talus (Cort. Pbleg.), 104. Taylori (Volvaria), 294. Taylori (Agaricus), 294. telmatiaea (Omphalia), 389. telmatiaeus (Agaricus), 389. temperata (Volvaria), 297. teiuperatus (Agaricus), 297. temulentus (Naucoria), 165. temulentus (Agaricus), 165. tenera (Galera), 144. Var, pillosella. 145. tener (Agaricus), 145. tener (Bolbitius), 207. tenax (Naucoria), 164. tenax (Agaricus), 164. terrigena (Pboliata), 211. terregenus (Agaricus), 211. testaceum (Hebeloma;, 112. testaceus (Agaricus), 172. testaceus (Cort. Pbleg.), 110. tessulatus (Pleurotus), 367. tessulatus (Agaricus), 367. TUomsoni (Entoloma), 277. Tbomsoni (Agaricus), 278. figrinus (Ijcntiims), 312. iituhans (Bolbitius), 206. togularis (Agaricus), 212, iogularis (Pholiota), 212. togularis (Agaricus), 213. tophaceus (Cort. Ino.), 81. Var. redcmitus, 81. tophacem (Cort. Ino.), 80. tornata (Clitocybe), 415. tornatus (Agaricus), 416. tortipes (Entoloma), 278. tortuosus (Cort. Hygr.), 20. toriclosus (Panus). 308. torvus (Cortinarius), 102. tmvus (Cort. Tela.), 39. traganus (Cort. Ino.) 79. tragauus (Agaricus), 79. Var. Jinitimus, 79. trecMspora (Inocybe), 201. trechisporus (Agaricus), 201, treimdus (Pleurotus), 377. tremulus (Agaricus), 377. triclioloma (Inocybe), 202. tricboloma (Agaricus), 202. triformis (Cort. Tela.), 51. Var. Schaefferi, 52. „ Melleopallens, 52. „ Fusco-paVens, 52. Trinii (Inocybe), 197. Trinii (Agaricus), 197. triscopoda (Naucoria), 161. triscopus (Agaricus), 161. triiimplians (Cort. Pbleg.), 94. Trogii (Clitocybe), 412. Trogii (Agaricus), 412. truncatum (Hebeloma), 177. truncatus (Agaricus), 177. tridlaeformis (Clitocybe), 425. trullaeformiri (Agaricus). 425. tuba (Clitocybe), 432. tuba (Agaricus), 432. tid)aeformis (Cantharellus), 323. tuberculosa (Pboliata), 225. tuberculusus (Agaricus), 225. tumidosa (Clitocybe), 421. tumulosus (Agaricus), 421. tiirbinatus (Cort. Plileg.), 108. turbinatus (Agaricus). 108. turgidus (Cort. Ino,), 75. turmalis (Cort. Pbleg.), 95. turundus (Hygropborus), 336. Var. mollis. 336. ulmarius (Pleurotus). 366. ulmarius (Agaricus), 366. idiginosus (Cort. Dermo.), 69. nrbicus (Cort. Tela.), 38. umbilicatus (Agaricus), 385. umbelliferus (Agaricus), 394. 460 INDEX. umheUifera (Omphalia), 394. Var. abiegnus, 394. „ viriclis, 394. „ rnyochroiis, 395, umbonatus (Cantbarellus), 322. umhratilis (Omphalia). 399. umbratilis (Ao;aricus), 399. umhrosus (PInteus), 28.5, umbrosus (Agaricus), 285. unicolor (Pholiota), 230. unicolor (Agaricus), 230. unimodus (Cnrt. Hygr.), 28. unguinosus (Hygrophorus), 342, uraceus (Cort, Hygr,), 26. valgus (Cort. Dermo.), 72. variahilis (Claudopurf), 235. variabilis (Agaricus), 235. variicolor (Cort. Phleg.), 98. Var. nemorensis, 99. varius (Cort. Pbleg.), 97. varius (Agaricus), 98. vatrieosa (Inocybe), 202. vatricosus (Agaricus), 202. venetus (Cort. Dermo.), 73. ventricosiis (Hygroi)liorus), 348. venustissima (Clitocybe), 411. venustissimus (Agaricus), 411. verecunda (Nolanea), 266. verecundus (Agaricus), 266. verinicularis (Clitocybe), 431. vermicularis (Agaricus), 431. vernicosa (Clitocybe), 410. vernicosus (Agaricus), 411. versipelle (Hebeloraa). 174. versipellis (Agaricus). 174. vervacti (Naucoria), 161, vervacti (Agaricus), 162. vihratilis (Cort. Myx.), 92. vilis (Clitopilus), 247. vilis (Agaricus), 247. vinosus (Cort. Ino.), 82. vinosa (Flammula), 128. vinosus (Agaricus), 129, violacea-fusca (Inocybe), 187. violacea-fuscus (Agaricus), 187. violaceus (Cort. Ino.), 75. violarius (Pluteus) 289, viobirius (Agaricus), 289, virgineus (Hygrophorus), 346. Var, roseipes, 347. virgineus (Agaricus), 346. vitellinus (Bolbitius), 203. vitellinus (Hygrophorus), 334. vittaeformis (Galera), 148. vittaelbniiis (Agaricus), 148. tolvacea (Volvaria), 293. volvaceus (Agaricus), 293. vulpinus (Leiitinus), 317, Whitei (Inocybe), 202, Whitei (Agaricus), 202. Wynnei (Entoloma), 280. Wynnei (Agaricus), 281. Wynniae (Hygrophorus), 337. zygophylla (Clitocybe), 437. zygophyllus (Agaricus), 438. END OF VOL. II. LONPON : ntlNTKD BY "WM. CI.OWF.S AND SON.S, LTJIITED, STAMFORD STREET AND CHAUING CROSS. New York Botanical Garden Library QK607 .M397 v.2 gen Massee, George Edwa/British fungus-flora 3 5185 00116 2401